Slavic Union
Славянский союз
AbbreviationSU (English)
СС (Russian)
SS (Romanized)
FounderDmitry Demushkin
FoundedSeptember 1999 (1999-09)
BannedJune 29, 2010 (2010-06-29)
Split fromRussian National Unity
Succeeded byRussians
IdeologyNeo-Nazism[1][2][3]
Anti-immigration
Pan-Slavism[4]
Russian nationalism[2]
Ultranationalism[5]
Anti-communism
Anti-Semitism[6]
Political positionFar-right[3]
ReligionSlavic paganism[4][7]
Colours  Red   White
Slogan"Russia for Russians"
Party flag

National Socialist Movement "Slavic Union" (Russian: Национал-социалистическое движение «Славянский союз», romanized: Natsional-sotsialisticheskoye dvizheniye «Slavyanskiy soyuz»)[2] was a Russian neo-Nazi organization founded in 1999 by Dmitry Demushkin.[8] In 2010, it was banned by the Moscow City Court.[1][8] The group's website, in Russian, links to extensive material on Holocaust denial and to works by Adolf Hitler. Its organizational logo was a stylized swastika and the group's initials, "SS" in Russian, are the same as those used by the German Schutzstaffel during World War II.[8] The party was also notorious for promoting a far-right, "Aryan" tradition of Slavic paganism.[7] The organisation was described as ultranationalist and anti-Semitic.[5][6]

History

Slavic Union was founded in September 1999 by Dmitry Demushkin.[8] In Autumn 2000, there was a conflict in the leadership of Russian National Unity, as a result of which on 21 September 2000, at a closed plenum of commanders of sixteen regional branches, it was announced that Alexander Barkashov, the founder and leader of the movement, had been expelled from the ranks of Russian National Unity.[9][10] In October of the same year, O. Kassin's moderate patriotic movement Russian Revival was established on the basis of the Moscow and Stavropol branches of Russian National Unity.[11] Dmitry Demushkin also split from Russian National Unity, founding his own movement Slavic Union.[12]

Europe-Asia Studies called the Slavic Union the best known Russian neo-Nazi organisation, although it stressed that it had very few members.[13] Along with Russian All-National Union, it was the only far-right organisation in Russia to have had permanent bases used for training camps. Main activities of the party involved paramilitary training and low-scale racist attacks. Officially, the party claimed to not have endorsed violent activities, although individual members of the organisation were tried for violent acts up to the party's ban in 2010. In 2006, Demushkin was arrested on suspicion of involvement in a mosque attack in the town of Yakhroma. In September 2008, another leader of the Slavic Union was arrested for murder of a Tajik and a Dagestani.[13]

The Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation listed the Slavic Union as one of the "most active extremist associations" in Russia in 2009, along with organisations such as: "National Socialist Society", "Movement Against Illegal Immigration", "Northern Brotherhood."[14] The Slavic Union was sympathetic to German National Socialism, although it did not advertise this.[15][16]

Slavic Union was banned by the Moscow City Court on 27 April 2010 following charges by prosecutors that the group promotes national socialism with "ideas similar to the ideology of Nazi Germany".[3][8][17] Responding to the ban on 27 April, Demushkin noted that the Slavic Union had been "banned all across Russia" and indicated that an appeal to higher legal authority of the organization's prohibition would "definitely" be forthcoming.[18] Since then, the group has remained active underground.

In September 2010 information surfaced that the organization allegedly has opened offices in Norway. This was reported when Viacheslav Datsik showed up at Norwegian immigration authorities requesting political asylum. Datsik had shortly before escaped from a mental institution near Saint Petersburg and was believed to have reached Norway on board an arms-trafficking vessel. Together with two other persons he was arrested by Norwegian police on suspicion of having possible links to organized crime.[19] In 2012, it was reported that an underground successor to the Slavic Union called the Slavic Force (Slavyanskaya Sila) was formed.[20]

Ideology

Slavic Union was described as neo-Nazi, pan-Slavic, white supremacist, nativist, anti-immigration, anti-communist, anti-Semitic and homophobic.[1][2][5] When the organisation was created in 1999, Russia had a very high immigration rate, which was reflected in the xenophobic rhetoric of the Slavic Union. The organisation blamed refugees and foreign migrant workers, as well as minorities such as the Jews and the LGBT community, for the supposed decline of Russia as well as the "Slavic world" itself.[4]

At its core, the organisation is pan-Slavic and promotes the concept of unifying all Slavic nations. Zeev Sternhell classified the organisation's rooted as anti-Enlightenment, perceiving "democracy and pleas for equality…[as] an attack on the natural order". In promoting pan-Slavism, the organisation made appeals to "blood purity" and "the greatness and the power of the Slavic race", while also promoting military strength that a union of all Slavic countries would supposedly possess. Slavic Union made references to historical states that encompassed much of the Slavic world such as Kievan Rus and the Soviet Union; the organisation even repurposed Soviet propaganda posters, replacing the communist hammer and sickle with paganist tribal signs.[4]

In order to complement its pan-Slavic rhetoric, the organisation also promoted Slavic paganism and often references Slavic legends and methodology as to create the image of a powerful, pre-Christian "Slavic race". The symbols of German National Socialists were connected and combined with Slavic ones, resulting in reversed swastikas and Slavic runes, including rune-styled Slavic words.[4]

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 3 "Factbox: Groups that Russia has declared extremist". Reuters. 6 May 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Что такое "Славянский союз"". Kommersant. 25 July 2006.
  3. 1 2 3 "В России запрещен ультраправый "Славянский союз"". BBC Russian. 27 April 2010.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Nataliia Vdovychenko (27 November 2018). "Slavic Union is on the rise in Eastern Europe". diggitmagazine.com. Tilburg University.
  5. 1 2 3 Mansur Mirovalev (23 September 2015). "Behind Russia's ultra-nationalist crackdown". aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera.
  6. 1 2 Richard Arnold (13 April 2015). "Russian Neo-Nazis 'Celebrate' Hitler's Birthday, Part One: Background". Jamestown. Jamestown Foundation.
  7. 1 2 Aitamurto, Kaarina (2015). More Russian Than Orthodox Christianity: Russian Paganism as Nationalist Politics. In L. M. Herrington, A. McKay, & J. Haynes (Eds.), Nations under God: The Geopolitics of Faith in the Twenty-First Century (PDF). Bristol: E-IR Edited Collections. pp. 126–132. ISBN 978-1-910814-06-2.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "Slavic Union Banned". The Moscow Times. 28 April 2010. Archived from the original on 22 June 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
  9. ↑ "Lenta.ru online news outlet". Archived from the original on 2008-01-30. Retrieved 2010-03-31.
  10. ↑ "Newsru.com online news outlet". 22 September 2000. Archived from the original on 2008-01-30. Retrieved 2010-03-31.
  11. ↑ "Moscow Helsinki Group". Archived from the original on 2010-05-10. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
  12. ↑ "Dmitri Demushkin: Biography, education, family". Lenta.ru. Retrieved 2023-07-22.
  13. 1 2 Laryš, Martin; Mareš, Miroslav (January 2011). "Right-Wing Extremist Violence in the Russian Federation". Europe-Asia Studies. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 63 (1): 129–154. doi:10.1080/09668136.2011.534308. JSTOR 27975516. S2CID 153613351.
  14. ↑ Dobrynina S. Yuri Chaika: Russia needs to create a clear system of countering extremism. Rossiyskaya gazeta, 2009
  15. ↑ ""Special Correspondent": The Principle of Hate". Archived from the original on 2010-02-04. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
  16. ↑ Zeya, Nikita (2010-08-25). ""Datsik is coming for you"". Gazeta.ru. Archived from the original on 2012-01-19. Retrieved 2010-10-09.
  17. ↑ "Организацию "Славянский союз" уже сегодня могут закрыть". Ekho Moskvy. 21 April 2010.
  18. ↑ K.K. and D.P., "Court bans Slavic Union - organization," Archived 2012-03-05 at the Wayback Machine Interfax.com, April 27, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2010.
  19. ↑ Jake Hughes (11 May 2016). "Viacheslav Datsik Has Become a "Public Defender" Since His Release From Prison". vice.com.
  20. ↑ Verkhovsky, Alexander (2012). "The Ultra-Right in Russia in 2012" (PDF). International Policy Analysis. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung: 5. ISBN 978-3-86498-292-7.

Further reading

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