Soldiers of Odin
FormationOctober 2015[1]
FounderMika Ranta
Founded atKemi, Finland
PurposeAnti-immigrant activism
Anti-Islam
Far-right activism
Nordicism
Vigilantism
Neo-Nazism (factions)

Soldiers of Odin (SOO; Finnish: Odinin sotilaat) is an anti-immigrant group which was founded in Kemi, Finland, in October 2015. The group was established in response to the thousands of migrants who were arriving in Finland amidst the European migrant crisis.[2][3][4] They call themselves a "patriotic organisation that fights for a Finland" that wants to scare away "Islamist intruders" they say cause insecurity and increase crime.[5]

In interviews as well as on the group's public Facebook page, SOO has denied claims which state that he and his group are racist and neo-Nazi. However, the group's founder, Mika Ranta, has connections to the far-right and neo-Nazi Nordic Resistance Movement as well as a criminal conviction which stems from a racially motivated assault which he committed in 2005. According to the Finnish public broadcaster Yle, a private Facebook page for selected members of SOO shows that racism and Nazi sympathies are rampant among higher-ranking members. The group's nature has raised concerns about anti-immigrant vigilantism.[6][7]

Though the group denies the claim,[8] Soldiers of Odin have been recognised by both the Southern Poverty Law Center and the Anti-Defamation League[9] as a hate group. An ADL report states that their apparent purpose is "to conduct vigilante patrols" to protect citizens from "alleged depredations of refugees", and that "though not all such adherents of the group are white supremacists or bigots, so many of them clearly are that the Soldiers of Odin can easily be considered a hate group."[10]

In addition to Finland, affiliates of the group have a presence in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Portugal and Spain.[11]

History

Mika Ranta, who, while a self-declared neo-Nazi and member of the Finnish Resistance Movement, maintains that his personal views do not represent the group as a whole. The group is named after Odin, the god that rules Asgard, home of the gods, in Norse mythology.[3][12][13][14][15][16]

Soldiers of Odin gained momentum in 2016 after incidents such as the New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany, the January 2016 stabbing death of Alexandra Mezher, a Lebanese social worker in Sweden, and other migrant-related crime incidents. On 15 March 2016, Soldiers of Odin announced on their Facebook page that they had intervened in the attempted sexual harassment of two underage girls. The group also claimed that the perpetrators were two refugees and that the police thanked Soldiers of Odin for their actions. Further investigation revealed that neither the police nor any bystanders had any knowledge of the event. On March 16, 2016, Soldiers of Odin admitted that one of their members fabricated the story. The group apologized for the announcement and said that the member would be expelled.[3][17][18]

The group's number of Facebook likes in Finland alone was more than 49,000 in December 2017.

According to Yle, Soldiers of Odin has connections to the Finnish MV-media alternative media website and has been promised good visibility on the site.[4] MV-media website and its owner Ilja Janitskin have ties to the Russian-backed Donetsk People's Republic.[19]

According to IL and Meduza, Yan Petrovsky, Russian nationalist accused of war crimes in Ukraine, was also an active Odin member. He was deported from Norway but arrested in Finland due to charges.[20][21]

Presence outside Finland

Soldiers of Odin claims a membership of 600 in Finland. The group also has a presence in Sweden and Norway; however, the Norwegian prime minister condemns the group. The group has a presence in Estonia even though Estonia "has almost no asylum seekers or refugees". Additionally, Soldiers of Odin has a following in the United States, Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, Québec and New Brunswick), England, Belgium, Portugal and Germany.[22][23][24][25][26]

Australia

Soldiers of Odin Australia arose out of the Reclaim Australia group.[27] It was registered as a non-profit association with the Victorian government in June 2016.[28] Their recruitment rhetoric included exaggerating illegal entry to the country, crime perpetrated by immigrants and the threat of Islamic terrorism, targeting mainly Anglo-Australian men. They also used the "exotic Norse mythology" to attract far-right sympathisers who were willing to take public action.[29]

In 2016, the group ran "safety patrols" of Federation Square, Birrarung Marr and Bourke Street Mall, and outside city train stations at night in Melbourne, Victoria to counteract what it claims was the inability of police to protect the public from rising street crime and gangs such as the so-called Apex gang.[28]

Canada

Joel Angott, the former president of Soldiers of Odin Canada, has said that his group supports "sustainable immigration".[30] Members of the group participated in the 2022 convoy protest, including Jason LaFace, an organizer for the convoy in Ontario.[31] LaFace, who has since claimed to be National President of Soldiers of Odin Canada,[32] had previously publicly shared anti-immigrant sentiments[33] and made statements against the Black Lives Matter movement and the LGBT community.[34]

The Northern Guard that came up in 2017 are also an offshoot of the Soldiers of Odin according to the Canadian Anti-Hate Network.[35]

Norway

The group began patrolling in Norway in February 2016, which was profiled temporarily in the start-up phase by Ronny Alte, a former leader of the Norwegian Defence League and Pegida activist. Among the 14 members several are known members of the extreme far-right and have criminal records.[5][36][37] They were opposed by Osebergskipets venner who turned up dressed as Vikings as a protest against the misuse of traditional symbols.[36]

Sweden

The group in Sweden have many members who are Neo-Nazis and are convicted of serious crimes.[38] Several are sentenced for assaulting women.[39] The Swedish chapter is headed by Mikael Johansson earlier a member of Nationaldemokraterna.[40] The group began patrols in Sweden in March 2016, marching in several cities and towns, however they met with opposition groups and in Gothenburg they themselves had to ask the police for protection of their patrols.[40][41][42][38]

Reception

The Finnish National Police Commissioner, Seppo Kolehmainen, caused confusion when he initially welcomed the establishment of street patrols.[6] In response, the Minister of the Interior, Petteri Orpo, said, "In Finland it is officials who oversee and take care of order in society. It is a simple matter and we will stick to it."[43] Finnish Security Intelligence Service regards the group as unsettling.[44]

Norwegian police initially expressed mixed reactions to the group, with some departments announcing that they would send marching members away, while others said the group was unproblematic.[45] It caused some controversy when Progress Party MP and spokesperson for justice Jan Arild Ellingsen applauded the establishment of the group, saying they should be "praised". Government and party leaders quickly distanced themselves from his comments, stating public security to be the responsibility of the police.[46][47]

The Estonian Prime Minister, Taavi Rõivas, criticized the group saying, "In the Republic of Estonia law and order is enforced by the Estonian police. Self-proclaimed gangs do not increase the Estonian people's sense of security in any way; rather the opposite."[48]

Trademark

In spring 2016, the Finnish Patent and Registration Office accepted a request to register "Soldiers of Odin" as a trademark for clothes, footwear and headgear. The owner of the trademark, however, has no connection to the vigilante street patrol group, and is using her brand as a statement against racism and to bring the authorities' decision to accept Soldiers of Odin as a registered organization into question.[49]

References

  1. ↑ "Soldiers of Odin USA" (PDF). Anti-Defamation League. 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  2. ↑ "Soldiers of Odin registers as NGO, warns Loldiers against using spoof name". Yle.fi. 15 February 2016. Archived from the original on 18 February 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 Jussi Rosendahl and Tuomas Forsell (13 January 2016). "Anti-immigrant 'Soldiers of Odin' raise concern in Finland". Reuters.
  4. 1 2 "Soldiers of Odin's secret Facebook group: Weapons, Nazi symbols and links to MV Lehti". YLE. 16 March 2016. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017.
  5. 1 2 "'Patriot' group Soldiers of Odin debut in Norway". The Local. 15 February 2016.
  6. 1 2 "Police Commissioner: Street patrols have "no special rights"". YLE. 5 January 2016.
  7. ↑ "Kaikilla Joensuussa partioivan Soldiers of Odin -ryhmän pomoilla useita rikostuomioita". MTV3. 5 January 2016.
  8. ↑ SiriusXM. (2020). Spokesman for Soldiers of Odin Explains that the Group is NOT a Racist Hate Group [Podcast]. Retrieved 3 June 2020, from https://soundcloud.com/siriusxm-news-issues/soldiers-of-odin
  9. ↑ "Anti-Muslim". Southern Poverty Law Center. 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  10. ↑ Soldiers of Odin USA. (2016). Retrieved 3 June 2020, from https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/documents/assets/pdf/combating-hate/Soldiers-of-Odin-USA-Report-web.pdf
  11. ↑ Yleinen, SoldiersofOdin in (23 September 2019). "Soldiers of Odin: Barcelona". Soldiers of Odin Finland. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  12. ↑ "Finland's 'Soldiers of Odin' face off against huggy ladies". Yahoo News. 9 February 2016.
  13. ↑ "Soldiers of Odin: The far-right groups in Finland 'protecting women' from asylum seekers". The Independent. 1 February 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2017. The Soldiers of Odin, whose name refers to the Nordic god of war and death, includes known neo-Nazis and followers with criminal records, as well as more typical men.
  14. ↑ Goldberg, Michelle (19 July 2016). "Better Know an RNC White Supremacist: Soldiers of Odin". Slate. Retrieved 9 December 2017. Named after the Norse God of war and death, the Soldiers of Odin patrol city streets, on the lookout for dangerous Muslims.
  15. ↑ Lamoureux, Mack (17 April 2016). "Soldiers of Odin, Europe's Notorious Anti-Immigration Group, Is Beginning to Form Cells in Canada". Vice News. Retrieved 9 December 2017. Now, the group named for the Norse god of death and war (but also wisdom and culture) has come to Canada.Montpetit, Jonathan (14 December 2016). "Inside Quebec's far right: Soldiers of Odin leadership shake-up signals return to extremist roots - Montreal". CBC.ca. Retrieved 9 December 2017. In the early evening darkness, four figures huddled in the parking lot of a Quebec City arena, all wearing black sweatshirts emblazoned with a drawing of Odin, a Norse god of war.
  16. ↑ al-Sahli, Nasser (21 January 2016). "Soldiers of Odin: Far-right summons Norse mythology against refugees". Al-Araby Al-Jadeed. Retrieved 9 December 2017. Hamsfield says these outfits are inciting violence against immigrants, in what he believes may be a precursor to a "clandestine civil war" he says extremist right-wingers are seeking. To him, choosing the name Odin, the old Norse god often associated with war, is no coincidence. In truth, many believe the current tension between some in Nordic communities, and immigrants and refugees, can be traced back to Helsinki, the capital of Finland.
  17. ↑ "Soldiers of Odin: The far-right groups in Finland 'protecting women' from asylum seekers". The Independent. 1 February 2016. The Soldiers of Odin, whose name refers to the Nordic god of war and death, includes known neo-Nazis and followers with criminal records, as well as more typical men.
  18. ↑ Soldiers of Odin myöntää: Ahdistelutarina oli lööperiä - "Pyydämme kaikilta anteeksi", Iltalehti 16 March 2016. Accessed on 17 March 2016.
  19. ↑ "Janus Putkonen tarjoaa turvapaikkaa MV-lehden Ilja Janitskinille". www.iltalehti.fi. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  20. ↑ "Wagneriin kytkeyvän julman sotajoukon ex-komentaja kiinni Suomessa – Nyt reagoi Venäjä". www.iltalehti.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  21. ↑ "Enemy of the State or its founding element? Yan Petrovsky, Russian nationalist accused of war crimes in Ukraine, was deported from Norway". Meduza. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  22. ↑ Vigilantes begin patrols in Norway amid migrant influx, Associated Press (February 15, 2016).
  23. ↑ Janis Laizans & Joachim Dagenborg, Anti-immigrant 'Soldiers of Odin' expand from Finland to Nordics, Baltics, Reuters (March 2, 2016).
  24. ↑ Soldiers of Odin USA: The Extreme European Anti-Refugee Group Comes to America Archived 31 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Anti-Defamation League (2016).
  25. ↑ Ben Makuch, Soldiers of Odin: Inside the extremist vigilante group that claims to be preserving Canadian values, VICE News (February 1, 2017).
  26. ↑ DBA, Wie zijn de Soldiers of Odin, de 'risicobeweging' die onze Staatsveiligheid zorgen baart? De Morgen, 03 aug. 2016
  27. ↑ "Reclaim Australia, Five Years Later: Where Are They Now?". slackbastard. 9 April 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  28. 1 2 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  29. ↑ Nilan, Pam (2019). "Far-Right Contestation in Australia: Soldiers of Odin and True Blue Crew". In Peucker, Mario; Smith, Debra (eds.). The Far-Right in Contemporary Australia. Springer Singapore. pp. 101–125. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8351-9_5. ISBN 978-981-13-8350-2. S2CID 199297174 – via ResearchGate (Full article by request; abstract freely available.).
  30. ↑ "Controversial Soldiers of Odin group organizing in Hamilton". CBC News. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  31. ↑ "Convoy's message muddies closer it gets to capital". CityNews Kitchener. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  32. ↑ "https://twitter.com/freeradiocanada/status/1636321586046197760?s=20". Twitter. Retrieved 16 March 2023. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  33. ↑ "Some trucker convoy organizers have history of white nationalism, racism - National | Globalnews.ca". Global News. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  34. ↑ "BLM, LGBTQ+ are 'nut bars', Sudbury a 's***hole', candidate says". Sudbury.com. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  35. ↑ Jesse Ferreras (9 July 2019). "Maxime Bernier poses with Northern Guard, one flashing apparent 'white power' sign". Global News. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  36. 1 2 "Her patruljerer "Soldiers of Odin" for første gang i Norge [Here, the "Soldiers of Odin" patrols in Norway for the first time]". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 15 February 2015. "Nå har"Odins soldater" etablert seg i Norge. - Vi er snart representert i hver krik og krok av landet". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 23 January 2016.
  37. ↑ "Alte er kastet ut av Odins soldater [Alte kicked out of Soldiers of Odin]" (in Norwegian). NRK. 26 February 2016.
  38. 1 2 "Soldiers of Odin i slagsmål i centrala Göteborg". Aftonbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 25 July 2018.
  39. ↑ "De patrullerar som Soldiers of Odin – högerextrema och grovt kriminella". Expo.
  40. 1 2 "Soldiers of Odin patrullerade i centrala Göteborg [Soldiers of Odin patrolled in central Gothenburg]". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 26 March 2016.
  41. ↑ "Soldiers of Odin etablerar sig i Sverige - högkvarteret i Finland". Yle (in Swedish). 18 April 2016.
  42. ↑ "Soldiers of Odin drabbade samman med AFA". Aftonbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 25 July 2018.
  43. ↑ "Orpo disappointed by police chief's street patrol comments". YLE. 6 January 2016.
  44. ↑ "Yle paljasti Soldiers of Odinin suljetun Facebook-ryhmän kuvia ja viestejä – Supo: "Aineisto puhuu puolestaan"". 16 March 2016.
  45. ↑ "Politisjef om Odins soldater: – Uproblematisk at de trygger byer og tettsteder" (in Norwegian). 18 February 2016.
  46. ↑ "Soldiers of Odin create political poison in Norway". The Local. 24 February 2016.
  47. ↑ "Anti-immigrant 'Soldiers of Odin' expand from Finland to Nordics, Baltics". Reuters. 2 March 2016.
  48. ↑ "Estonian PM condemns Soldiers of Odin". baltictimes.com. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  49. ↑ Hallamaa, Teemu (16 May 2016). "Soldiers of Odin rekisteröitiin tavaramerkiksi" (in Finnish). Yle Uutiset. Retrieved 17 May 2016.

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