Social Democratic Party
社会民主党
Japanese nameShakai Minshu-tō
PresidentMizuho Fukushima
Founded19 January 1996 (1996-01-19)
Preceded byJapan Socialist Party
Merged intoConstitutional Democratic Party of Japan (majority)
Headquarters2-4-3-7F Nagata-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0014
IdeologySocial democracy[1]
Democratic socialism[2]
Progressivism[3]
Pacifism[4]
Political positionCentre-left[5][6] to left-wing[7][3]
International affiliationSocialist International[8]
Colours  Sky blue[9]
House of Councillors[10]
2 / 248
House of Representatives
1 / 465
Prefectural assembly members[11]
27 / 2,614
Municipal assembly members[11]
169 / 29,839
Website
sdp.or.jp

The Social Democratic Party (社会民主党, Shakai Minshu-tō, often abbreviated to 社民党 Shamin-tō; SDP) is a political party in Japan that was established in 1996.[12] Since its reformation and name change in 1996, it has advocated pacifism and defined itself as a social-democratic party.[13] It was previously known as the Japan Socialist Party (日本社会党, Nihon Shakaitō, abbreviated to JSP in English).

The party was refounded in January 1996 by the majority of legislators of the former Japan Socialist Party, which was largest opposition party in the 1955 System; however, most of the legislators joined the Democratic Party of Japan after that. Five leftist legislators who did not join the SDP formed the New Socialist Party, which lost all its seats in the following elections. The SDP enjoyed a short period of government participation from 1993 to 1994 as part of the Hosokawa Cabinet and later formed a coalition government with the Liberal Democratic Party under 81st Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama of the JSP from 1994 to January 1996. The SDP was part of ruling coalitions between January and November 1996 (First Hashimoto Cabinet) and from 2009 to 2010 (Hatoyama Cabinet).

In the 2019 Japanese House of Councillors election, the party won four representatives in the National Diet, two in the lower house and two in the upper house. In November 2020, the party entered into a merger agreement with the Constitutional Democratic Party.[14] The party president Mizuho Fukushima held her seat, and the party cleared the minimum two percent voter share to maintain its legal political party status, in the 2022 House of Councillors elections.[15]

History

Before 2000

In 1995, the former Japan Socialist Party (JSP) was in a deep crisis, as it faced criticisms on entering a coalition with its longtime rival LDP, and core policy changes.[16] Aiming at saving the party, the leadership of JSP decided to dissolve the party and to establish a new social democratic party. In January 1996, such a new party, the Social Democratic Party, was established along with the dissolution of JSP. De jure, JSP changed its name to the Social Democratic Party (SDP) as an interim party for forming a new party, and a movement for transforming the SDP into a new social-democratic and liberal party was unsuccessful. Under Murayama's successor Ryūtarō Hashimoto (LDP), the SDP remained part of the ruling coalition. Long before the disappointing result in the 1996 Japanese general election, the party lost the majority of its members of the House of Representatives, mainly to predecessors of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) that was formed in 1996, but also some to the NFP and other opposition parties. After its electoral defeat in the 1996 general election when it lost another 15 of its remaining 30 seats in the lower house, the SDP left the ruling coalition which it had entered as the second largest force in Japanese politics as a minor party.

2000s–2010s

The SDP won six seats in the 2003 Japanese general election, compared with 18 seats in the previous 2000 Japanese general election. Its motives against the Self-Defense Forces have reverted into abolishing it in the long term, returning into its opposition against the force it had applied in the 1950s. Doi had been the leader since 1996, but she resigned in 2003, taking responsibility for the election losses. Mizuho Fukushima was elected as the new party leader in November 2003. In the 2004 Japanese House of Councillors election, the SDP won only two seats, having five seats in the House of Councillors and six seats in the House of Representatives. In 2006, the party unexpectedly gained the governorship of the Shiga Prefecture. In the 2009 Japanese general election, the DPJ made large gains and the SDP maintained its base of 7 seats in the, becoming a junior partner in a new government coalition; however, disagreements over the issue of the Futenma base led to the sacking of Fukushima from the cabinet on 28 May and the SDP subsequently voted to leave the ruling coalition.[17]

A SDP campaign van outside a station in December 2012

As of October 2010, the SDP had six members in the House of Representatives[18] and four members in the House of Councillors.[19] Following the 2012 Japanese general election, the party retained only six seats in the whole of the Diet, two in the House of Representatives and four in the House of Councillors. The count lowered to five seats in 2013. In 2013, the party's headquarters in Nagatacho, where the party's predecessor the JSP had moved in 1964, were demolished. The headquarters moved to a smaller office in Nagatacho.[20]

During the nomination period of the 2016 Japanese House of Councillors election, the party signed an agreement with the Democratic, Communist and People's Life parties to field a jointly-endorsed candidate in each of the 32 districts in which only one seat is contested, thereby uniting in an attempt to take control of the House from the LDP/Komeito coalition.[21] The party had two Councillors up for re-election and fielded a total of 11 candidates in the election, 4 in single and multi-member districts and 7 in the 48-seat national proportional representation block.[22]

In the 2017 Japanese general election, the party managed to hold to its two seats it had prior to the election. Tadatomo Yoshida declined to run for re-election when his term expired in January 2018. Seiji Mataichi was elected unopposed in the ensuing leadership election and took office on 25 February 2018.[23][24]

Since 2020

On 14 November 2020, the party voted to agree to a merger arrangement with the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (CDP), allowing members to leave the SDP and join the latter party. The majority of the party supported the agreement and joined the CDP; however, party leader Fukushima herself was opposed to the merger agreement and remains a member of the Social Democratic Party.[25]

In the 2021 Japanese general election, the party lost one of their two seats.

Policies

Party policies include:[13][26]

Leaders

No. Name
(Birth–death) 		Constituency / title Term of office Election results Photo Prime Minister (term)
Took office Left office
Preceding party: Japan Socialist Party (left-wing)
Chair of the Social Democratic Party (1996–present)
1Tomiichi Murayama
(b. 1924)		Rep for
Ōita 1st		19 January 199628 September 1996- Hashimoto 1996–98
(coalition, confidence and supply)
2Takako Doi
(1928–2014)		Rep for
Hyōgō 7th		28 September 199615 November 2003-
Obuchi 1998–2000
Mori 2000–01
Koizumi 2001–06
3Mizuho Fukushima
(b. 1955)		Cou for
National PR		15 November 200325 July 2013-
Abe S. 2006–07
Fukuda Y. 2007–08
Asō 2008–09
Hatoyama Y. 2009–10
(coalition until
30 May 2010)
Kan 2010–11
Noda 2011–12
Abe S. 2012–20
－Seiji Mataichi
(1944–2023)
(acting)		Cou for
National PR
(until 28 July 2019)		25 July 201314 October 2013-
4Tadatomo Yoshida
(b. 1956)		Cou for
National PR
(until 25 July 2016)
(29 July 2019 - present)		14 October 201325 February 2018
2013
Tadatomo Yoshida – 9986
Taiga Ishikawa – 2239
2016
Unopposed
5Seiji Mataichi
(1944–2023)		Cou for
National PR
(until 28 July 2019)		25 February 201822 February 2020
2018
Unopposed
6Mizuho Fukushima
(b. 1955)		Cou for
National PR		22 February 2020present
2020
Unopposed
Suga 2020–2021
Kishida 2021–present

Election results

House of Representatives

House of Representatives
Election Leader No. of
seats won		 No. of
constituency votes		 ± % of
constituency votes		 No. of
PR block votes		 % of
PR block votes		 Government
1996 Takako Doi
15 / 500
 1,240,649 new 2.2 3,547,240 6.4 LDP–SDP–NPS coalition (1996–1998)
Opposition (1998–2000)
2000
19 / 480
 2,315,235 Increase 4 3.8 5,603,680 9.4 Opposition
2003
6 / 480
 1,708,672 Decrease 13 2.9 3,027,390 5.1 Opposition
2005 Mizuho Fukushima
7 / 480
 996,007 Increase 1 1.5 3,719,522 5.5 Opposition
2009
7 / 480
 1,376,739 Steady 0 2.0 3,006,160 4.3 DPJ–PNP–SDP coalition (2009–2010)
Opposition (2010–2012)
2012
2 / 480
 451,762 Decrease 5 0.7 1,420,790 2.3 Opposition
2014 Tadatomo Yoshida
2 / 475
 419,347 Steady 0 0.7 1,314,441 2.4 Opposition
2017
2 / 465
 634,719 Steady 0 1.2 941,324 1.7 Opposition
2021 Mizuho Fukushima
1 / 465
 313,193 Decrease 1 0.55 1,018,588 1.77 Opposition

House of Councillors

House of Councillors
Election Leader No. of
seats total		 No. of
seats won		 No. of
National votes		 % of
National vote		 No. of
Prefectural votes		 % of
Prefectural vote
1998 Takako Doi
13 / 252
5 / 126
 4,370,763 7.8% 2,403,649 4.3%
2001
8 / 247
3 / 121
 3,628,635 6.63% 1,874,299 3.45%
2004 Mizuho Fukushima
5 / 242
2 / 121
 2,990,665 5.35% 984,338 1.75%
2007
5 / 242
2 / 121
 2,634,713 4.47% 1,352,018 2.28%
2010
4 / 242
2 / 121
 2,242,735 3.84% 602,684 1.03%
2013
3 / 242
1 / 121
 1,255,235 2.36% 271,547 0.51%
2016 Tadatomo Yoshida
2 / 242
1 / 121
 1,536,238 2.74% 289,899 0.51%
2019 Seiji Mataichi
2 / 245
1 / 124
 1,046,011 2.09% 191,820 0.38%
2022 Mizuho Fukushima
1 / 248
1 / 125
 1,258,502 2.37% 178,911 0.34%

Current Diet members

House of Representatives

House of Councillors

Up for re-election in 2022

Up for re-election in 2025

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "Shakai Minshu-tō towa" 社会民主党[日本](しゃかいみんしゅとう[にほん])とは. kotobank.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 29 May 2020. (from Micropædia)
  2. ↑ Donald F. Busky, ed. (2010). Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 201.
  3. 1 2 "일본 좌파 정당, "아, 옛날이여"" (in Korean). 시사IN. 24 April 2008. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  4. ↑ "社会民主党宣言" (Press release). 社会民主党. 2006-02-11.
  5. ↑ New Left Review. Ohio State University. 2010. p. 8. In alliance with the centre-left Social Democratic Party, the Hatoyama government had the majority necessary to push its radical programme through, over - riding any LDP opposition in the Upper House.
  6. ↑ W. Tow; R. Kersten, eds. (2010). Bilateral Perspectives on Regional Security: Australia, Japan and the Asia-Pacific Region. Springer. p. 55.
  7. ↑ Janet Hunter, Cornelia Storz, ed. (2006). Institutional and Technological Change in Japan's Economy: Past and Present. Routledge.
  8. ↑ "Members". socialistinternational.org. Socialist International. 29 May 2020.
  9. ↑ 日本に定着するか、政党のカラー [Will the colors of political parties settle in Japan?] (in Japanese). Nikkei, Inc. 21 October 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  10. ↑ 社民党OfficialWeb┃議員. Social Democratic Party. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  11. 1 2 Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (30 March 2018). "Prefectural and municipal assembly members and chief executives by political party as of 31 December, 2017".
  12. ↑ 社会黨 憲法改正要綱. National Diet Library. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  13. 1 2 "OfficialWebO". Social Democratic Party. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  14. ↑ "Social Democratic Party to split; most Diet members to join CDPJ". The Japan Times. 25 February 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  15. ↑ "社民党、比例得票率２％超で政党要件を維持…５選の福島党首「改憲阻止の闘争全力で」". 読売新聞オンライン (in Japanese). 2022-07-11. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  16. ↑ Pollack, Andrew (1995-09-22). "Japan's Socialist Party Disbands, Searching for a New Identity". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  17. ↑ BBC News Socialists leave Japan coalition over Okinawa issue Archived 2010-11-03 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ↑ "The House of Representatives". National Diet of Japan. Archived from the original on 22 March 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  19. ↑ "List of the Members". National Diet of Japan. Archived from the original on 22 March 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  20. ↑ Japan Times Japan's Social Democratic Party moving HQ out of historic Tokyo building January 27, 2013 Archived December 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  21. ↑ "Opposition parties, activists ink policy pact for Upper House election". Japan Times. 7 June 2016. Archived from the original on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  22. ↑ 第３極衰退で候補者減、タレント候補１０人に [Fewer candidates with the demise of the third pole - 10 celebrity candidates] (in Japanese). Yomiuri Shimbun. 23 June 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  23. ↑ Takeshita, Yuka (26 January 2018). 社民党首選、又市幹事長が無投票で当選 任期は２年間 (in Japanese). Asahi Shimbun. Archived from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  24. ↑ 社民、又市新党首を承認 立民軸の共闘推進へ (in Japanese). Nihon Keizai Shimbun. 25 February 2018. Archived from the original on 27 February 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  25. ↑ "Social Democratic Party to split; most Diet members to join CDPJ". The Japan Times. 25 February 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  26. ↑ 社民党OfficialWeb┃政策（時系列）. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  27. ↑ Johnson, L.L. , eds. (1992). The feminist politics of Takako Doi and the social democratic party of Japan. Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information.
  28. ↑ "Factbox: Prominent Japanese women speak out on sexual harassment". Reuters. 24 May 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2022. Fukushima, 62, a former lawyer, feminist activist and member of parliament's upper house, is deputy head of the small opposition Social Democratic Party. She has a history of representing and advising victims of sexual harassment.
  29. ↑ Inada, Miho; Dvorak, Phred. "Same-Sex Marriage in Japan: A Long Way Away?" Archived 2016-06-16 at the Wayback Machine. The Wall Street Journal. September 20, 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2014.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Social Democratic Party of Japan.

°

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.