The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometres in altitude – the two grey-shaded regions.

This is a list of space travellers by first flight. The table is listed in chronological order from the date of first flight. The table adheres to a common definition of a space traveller; the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale criterion of achieving an altitude higher than 100 km (62 mi; 330,000 ft), thereby crossing the FAI-defined Kármán line. The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary. Personnel who qualify only for the United States Astronaut Badge, awarded to those who achieve an altitude of 50 mi (80 km; 264,000 ft), are listed at the X-15's highest flights and the VSS Unity test flights.

Space travellers

Table parameters

Legend
Italics Sub-orbital spaceflights that crossed 100 km (62 mi).
◉ After the name, denotes sub-orbital space travellers who have flown into orbit on a subsequent space flight.
△ After the name, denotes space travellers who have flown to the Moon without landing.
▲ After the name, denotes space travellers who have walked on the Moon.
‡ After the name, denotes those who died during their first spaceflight.[nb 1]
† After the name, denotes those who died during a subsequent spaceflight.[nb 1]
⊗ After the name, denotes those whose first spaceflight had begun and was clearly intended[nb 2] to cross 100 km (62 mi), but failed to do so.
Linked country In the 'Nationality' column, denotes the first from that country to pass 100 km (62 mi).[nb 3]
Unlinked name Subsequent table entry for a space traveller who made or attempted a previous spaceflight.[nb 4]

All entries are dated from launch time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which on occasion is one day earlier than the local date of launches from sites in the Eastern Hemisphere such as Baikonur and one day later than the local date of launches from sites in the Western Hemisphere such as Cape Canaveral.

As a rule, dual nationals fly under a single flag when flying as professional spacecrew and/or when flying on government-operated spacecraft, and this is the flag they are listed under in the table. For the spaceflights of dual nationals who are private citizens flying on commercial spacecraft as ordinary passengers, the flags displayed are those of their countries of birth, unless the space traveller did not hold citizenship of that country and/or otherwise made clear (s)he intended to represent a different nationality.

Table

Yuri Gagarin, the first person in space and in orbit.
Alan Shepard, the first American and the second person in space.
Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman and 12th person in space.
Alexei Leonov, joint 17th in space and first to perform an EVA.
John Young, 19th person in space, first to fly solo around the Moon and first to command a Space Shuttle.
Vladimir Komarov, joint 14th person and first to die during spaceflight (during Soyuz 1).
Vladimir Komarov, joint 14th person and first to die during spaceflight (during Soyuz 1).
Neil Armstrong, joint 26th person in space and first to set foot on the Moon
Harrison Schmitt, joint 59th person in space. The most recent person and first geologist to have arrived on the Moon
Vladimír Remek, 88th person in space and the first from a country other than the US or the Soviet Union
Sigmund Jähn, 91st person in space and the first German
Phạm Tuân, 97th person in space, and the first from an Asian country (Vietnam)
Story Musgrave, joint 116th person in space and the only person to have flown on all five NASA Space Shuttles.
Sally Ride, joint 120th person and the first American woman in space
Guion Bluford, joint 125th person and the first African American in space
Bruce McCandless, joint 133rd person in space and the first to perform an untethered EVA
Rakesh Sharma, 139th person and the first Indian in space
Anna Lee Fisher, joint 155th person and the first mother in space
Sultan bin Salman Al Saud, joint 170th person, first royal, and first Saudi Arabian in space.
Rodolfo Neri Vela, joint 192nd and first Mexican in space
Muhammed Faris, joint 202nd and first Syrian in space
Anatoly Solovyev, joint 206th person in space and the person to have the most time in EVA, as of 2014
Sergei Krikalev, 210th person and the person to have spent the most total time in space, as of 2014
William Shepherd, joint 211th person in space and the first commander of the ISS
Toyohiro Akiyama, joint 239th person and the first journalist and the first Japanese in space on the first commercially organized spaceflight.
Helen Sharman, joint 249th and first British astronaut
Dirk Frimout, joint 268th and first Belgian to go into space
Franco Malerba, joint 277th and first Italian to go into space
Claude Nicollier, joint 277th and first Swiss to go into space
Mae Jemison, joint 280th person and first African American woman to go into space
Susan Helms, joint 286th person in space and first woman to serve on board the ISS
Yuri Malenchenko, joint 309th person in space and first to marry in space
Chiaki Mukai, joint 311th person and first Japanese woman in space
Yelena Kondakova, 318th person in space and first woman to make a long-duration spaceflight
Eileen Collins, the 322nd person in space, first female commander and first female pilot of a Space Shuttle
Koichi Wakata, joint 339th person in space and first Japanese commander of the ISS
Kalpana Chawla, joint 366th person, first Indian American astronaut and first Indian woman in space
Pedro Duque, 384th person in space and first Spanish national
Ivan Bella, 386th person and first Slovak in space
Scott Kelly, 391st person and first of the first identical twin brothers to go into space
Dennis Tito, the 404th person in space and the first space tourist
Mark Kelly, the 409th person in space, and the second of the first identical twin brothers to go into space
Mark Shuttleworth, 416th person in space and the first from an independent African country (South Africa)
Yang Liwei, the 432nd person in space and the first of the Chinese space program
Mike Melvill, the 435th person in space and the first commercial astronaut of a privately flown and funded spaceflight
Marcos Pontes, the 443th person and the first Brazilian in space
Anousheh Ansari, the 449th person in space, first female space tourist and the first Iranian in space
Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, joint 464th person and the first person from Malaysia to go into space
Yi So-yeon, joint 475th person and the first Korean in space
Richard Garriott, 486th person in space and first spacefaring son of an earlier astronaut (Owen Garriott).
Guy Laliberté, joint 506th person in space and the first Canadian space tourist
Luca Parmitano, 532nd person in space and first Italian to be commander of an ISS expedition. He has been the youngest astronaut to undertake a long-duration mission. He is the first astronaut from Sicily
Samantha Cristoforetti, 541st person in space, who has performed the longest single spaceflight by a woman, as of 2015
Andreas Mogensen, joint 544th person and the first Dane in space
Aidyn Aimbetov, joint 544th person and the first solely Kazakh cosmonaut
Hazza Al Mansouri, joint 564th person and the first in space from the UAE
Jeff Bezos, joint 571st person and the founder of spaceflight company Blue Origin
Sian Proctor, joint 575th person and first female commercial astronaut spaceship pilot
Yulia Peresild, joint 579th person and the first professional actress to perform in space
Robert Hines, joint 608th person in space
Jessica Watkins, joint 608th person in space and first black woman to join a long-term mission to the International Space Station
# Name Nationality Date Flight Ref.
1Yuri Gagarin Soviet Union12 April 1961Vostok 1[1][2][nb 5][nb 6]
2Alan Shepard ◉▲ United States5 May 1961Freedom 7[5][6]
3Virgil Grissom ◉ United States21 July 1961Liberty Bell 7[7][8]
4Gherman Titov Soviet Union6 August 1961Vostok 2[9]
5John Glenn United States20 February 1962Friendship 7[10][11]
6Scott Carpenter United States24 May 1962Aurora 7[12]
7Andriyan Nikolayev Soviet Union11 August 1962Vostok 3[13][14]
8Pavel Popovich Soviet Union12 August 1962Vostok 4[13][15]
9Walter Schirra United States3 October 1962Sigma 7[16]
10Gordon Cooper United States15 May 1963Faith 7[17]
11Valery Bykovsky Soviet Union14 June 1963Vostok 5[18]
12Valentina Tereshkova Soviet Union16 June 1963Vostok 6[19]
13Joseph Walker United States19 July 1963X-15 Flight 90[20]
14Konstantin Feoktistov Soviet Union12 October 1964Voskhod 1[21]
Vladimir Komarov † Soviet Union[21][nb 7]
Boris Yegorov Soviet Union[21]
17Pavel Belyayev Soviet Union18 March 1965Voskhod 2[22]
Alexei Leonov Soviet Union
19John Young △▲ United States23 March 1965Gemini 3[23]
20James McDivitt United States3 June 1965Gemini 4[24]
Edward White United States
22Pete Conrad ▲ United States21 August 1965Gemini 5[25]
23Frank Borman △ United States4 December 1965Gemini 7[26]
James Lovell △△ United States
25Thomas Stafford △ United States15 December 1965Gemini 6A[27]
26Neil Armstrong ▲ United States16 March 1966Gemini 8[28]
David Scott ▲ United States
28Eugene Cernan △▲ United States3 June 1966Gemini 9A[29]
29Michael Collins △ United States18 July 1966Gemini 10[30]
30Richard Gordon △ United States12 September 1966Gemini 11[31]
31Edwin Aldrin ▲ United States11 November 1966Gemini 12[32]
32Walter Cunningham United States11 October 1968Apollo 7[33]
Donn Eisele United States
34Georgy Beregovoy Soviet Union26 October 1968Soyuz 3[34]
35William Anders △ United States21 December 1968Apollo 8[35]
36Vladimir Shatalov Soviet Union14 January 1969Soyuz 4[36]
37Yevgeny Khrunov Soviet Union15 January 1969Soyuz 5[37]
Boris Volynov Soviet Union
Aleksei Yeliseyev Soviet Union
40Russell Schweickart United States3 March 1969Apollo 9[38]
41Valeri Kubasov Soviet Union11 October 1969Soyuz 6[39]
Georgy Shonin Soviet Union
43Anatoly Filipchenko Soviet Union12 October 1969Soyuz 7[40]
Viktor Gorbatko Soviet Union
Vladislav Volkov † Soviet Union[40][nb 8]
46Alan Bean ▲ United States14 November 1969Apollo 12[41]
47Fred Haise △ United States11 April 1970Apollo 13[42]
Jack Swigert △ United States
49Vitaly Sevastyanov Soviet Union1 June 1970Soyuz 9[43]
50Edgar Mitchell ▲ United States31 January 1971Apollo 14[44]
Stuart Roosa △ United States
52Nikolay Rukavishnikov Soviet Union22 April 1971Soyuz 10[45]
53Georgy Dobrovolsky ‡ Soviet Union6 June 1971Soyuz 11[46][nb 8]
Viktor Patsayev ‡ Soviet Union
55James Irwin ▲ United States26 July 1971Apollo 15[47]
Alfred Worden △ United States
57Charles Duke ▲ United States16 April 1972Apollo 16[48]
Ken Mattingly △ United States
59Ronald Evans △ United States7 December 1972Apollo 17[49]
Harrison Schmitt ▲ United States
61Joseph Kerwin United States25 May 1973Skylab 2[50]
Paul Weitz United States
63Owen Garriott United States28 July 1973Skylab 3[51]
Jack Lousma United States
65Vasily Lazarev Soviet Union27 September 1973Soyuz 12[52]
Oleg Makarov Soviet Union
67Gerald Carr United States16 November 1973Skylab 4[53]
Edward Gibson United States
William Pogue United States
70Pyotr Klimuk Soviet Union18 December 1973Soyuz 13[54]
Valentin Lebedev Soviet Union
72Yury Artyukhin Soviet Union3 July 1974Soyuz 14[55]
73Lev Dyomin Soviet Union26 August 1974Soyuz 15[56]
Gennadi Sarafanov Soviet Union
75Georgy Grechko Soviet Union10 January 1975Soyuz 17[57]
Aleksei Gubarev Soviet Union
77Vance Brand United States15 July 1975ASTP[58]
Donald Slayton United States
79Vitaly Zholobov Soviet Union6 July 1976Soyuz 21[59]
80Vladimir Aksyonov Soviet Union15 September 1976Soyuz 22[60]
81Valery Rozhdestvensky Soviet Union14 October 1976Soyuz 23[61]
Vyacheslav Zudov Soviet Union
83Yury Glazkov Soviet Union7 February 1977Soyuz 24[62]
84Vladimir Kovalyonok Soviet Union9 October 1977Soyuz 25[63]
Valery Ryumin Soviet Union
86Yury Romanenko Soviet Union10 December 1977Soyuz 26[64]
87Vladimir Dzhanibekov Soviet Union10 January 1978Soyuz 27[65]
88Vladimír Remek Czechoslovakia2 March 1978Soyuz 28[66]
89Aleksandr Ivanchenkov Soviet Union15 June 1978Soyuz 29[67]
90Mirosław Hermaszewski Poland27 June 1978Soyuz 30[68]
91Sigmund Jähn East Germany26 August 1978Soyuz 31[69]
92Vladimir Lyakhov Soviet Union25 February 1979Soyuz 32[70]
93Georgi Ivanov Bulgaria10 April 1979Soyuz 33[71]
94Leonid Popov Soviet Union9 April 1980Soyuz 35[72]
95Bertalan Farkas Hungary26 May 1980Soyuz 36[73]
96Yury Malyshev Soviet Union5 June 1980Soyuz T-2[74]
97Phạm Tuân Vietnam23 July 1980Soyuz 37[75]
98Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez Cuba18 September 1980Soyuz 38[76]
99Leonid Kizim Soviet Union27 November 1980Soyuz T-3[77]
Gennadi Strekalov Soviet Union
101Viktor Savinykh Soviet Union12 March 1981Soyuz T-4[78]
102Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa Mongolia22 March 1981Soyuz 39[79]
103Robert Crippen United States12 April 1981STS-1[80][81]
104Dumitru Prunariu Romania14 May 1981Soyuz 40[82]
105Joseph Engle United States12 November 1981STS-2[83]
Richard Truly United States
107Charles Fullerton United States22 March 1982STS-3[84]
108Anatoly Berezovoy Soviet Union13 May 1982Soyuz T-5[85]
109Jean-Loup Chrétien France24 June 1982Soyuz T-6[86]
110Henry Hartsfield United States27 June 1982STS-4[87]
111Svetlana Savitskaya Soviet Union19 August 1982Soyuz T-7[88]
Aleksandr Serebrov Soviet Union
113Joseph Allen United States11 November 1982STS-5[89]
William Lenoir United States
Robert Overmyer United States
116Karol Bobko United States4 April 1983STS-6[90]
Story Musgrave United States
Donald Peterson United States
119Vladimir Titov Soviet Union20 April 1983Soyuz T-8[91]
120John Fabian United States18 June 1983STS-7[92]
Frederick Hauck United States
Sally Ride United States
Norman Thagard United States
124Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov Soviet Union27 June 1983Soyuz T-9[93]
125Guion Bluford United States30 August 1983STS-8[94]
Daniel Brandenstein United States
Dale Gardner United States
William Thornton United States
129Byron Lichtenberg United States28 November 1983STS-9[95]
Robert Parker United States
Brewster Shaw United States
Ulf Merbold West Germany
133Robert Gibson United States3 February 1984STS-41-B[96]
Bruce McCandless United States[96]
Ronald McNair † United States[96][nb 9]
Robert Stewart United States[96]
137Oleg Atkov Soviet Union8 February 1984Soyuz T-10[97]
Vladimir Solovyov Soviet Union
139Rakesh Sharma India3 April 1984Soyuz T-11[98]
140Terry Hart United States6 April 1984STS-41-C[99]
George Nelson United States[99]
Francis Scobee † United States[99][nb 9]
James van Hoften United States[99]
144Igor Volk Soviet Union17 July 1984Soyuz T-12[100]
145Michael Coats United States30 August 1984STS-41-D[101]
Steven Hawley United States[101]
Richard Mullane United States[101]
Judith Resnik † United States[101][nb 9]
Charles Walker United States[101]
150Marc Garneau Canada5 October 1984STS-41-G[102]
David Leestma United States
Jon McBride United States
Paul Scully-Power United States
Kathryn Sullivan United States
155Anna Fisher United States8 November 1984STS-51-A[103]
David Walker United States
157James Buchli United States24 January 1985STS-51-C[104]
Ellison Onizuka † United States[104][nb 9]
Gary Payton United States[104]
Loren Shriver United States[104]
161Edwin Garn United States12 April 1985STS-51-D[105]
Stanley Griggs United States
Jeffrey Hoffman United States
Margaret Seddon United States
Donald Williams United States
166Frederick Gregory United States29 April 1985STS-51-B[106]
Don Lind United States[106]
Lodewijk van den Berg United States[106][nb 10]
Taylor Wang United States[106]
170Sultan Al-Saud Saudi Arabia17 June 1985STS-51-G[107]
Patrick Baudry France
John Creighton United States
Shannon Lucid United States
Steven Nagel United States
175Loren Acton United States29 July 1985STS-51-F[108]
John Bartoe United States
Roy Bridges United States
Anthony England United States
Karl Henize United States
180Richard Covey United States27 August 1985STS-51-I[109]
William Fisher United States
John Lounge United States
183Vladimir Vasyutin Soviet Union17 September 1985Soyuz T-14[110]
Aleksandr Volkov Soviet Union
185Ronald Grabe United States3 October 1985STS-51-J[111]
David Hilmers United States
William Pailes United States
188Bonnie Dunbar United States30 October 1985STS-61-A[112]
Reinhard Furrer West Germany
Ernst Messerschmid West Germany
Wubbo Ockels Netherlands
192Mary Cleave United States27 November 1985STS-61-B[113]
Rodolfo Neri Vela Mexico
Bryan O'Connor United States
Jerry Ross United States
Sherwood Spring United States
197Charles Bolden United States12 January 1986STS-61-C[114]
Robert Cenker United States[114]
Franklin Chang Díaz United States[114][nb 11]
Clarence "Bill" Nelson United States[114]
—Michael J. Smith ‡ ⊗ United States28 January 1986STS-51-L[115][nb 9]
Gregory Jarvis ‡ ⊗ United States[116][nb 9]
Christa McAuliffe ‡ ⊗ United States[117][nb 9]
201Aleksandr Laveykin Soviet Union5 February 1987Soyuz TM-2[118]
202Muhammed Faris Syria22 July 1987Soyuz TM-3[119]
Aleksandr Viktorenko Soviet Union
204Anatoly Levchenko Soviet Union21 December 1987Soyuz TM-4[120]
Musa Manarov Soviet Union
206Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov Bulgaria7 June 1988Soyuz TM-5[121]
Anatoly Solovyev Soviet Union
208Abdul Mohmand Afghanistan29 August 1988Soyuz TM-6[122]
Valeri Polyakov Soviet Union
210Sergei Krikalev Soviet Union26 November 1988Soyuz TM-7[123]
211Guy Gardner United States2 December 1988STS-27[124]
William Shepherd United States
213James Bagian United States13 March 1989STS-29[125]
John Blaha United States
Robert Springer United States
216Mark Lee United States4 May 1989STS-30[126]
217James Adamson United States8 August 1989STS-28[127]
Mark Brown United States
Richard Richards United States
220Ellen Baker United States18 October 1989STS-34[128]
Michael McCulley United States
222Manly Carter United States23 November 1989STS-33[129]
Kathryn Thornton United States
224Marsha Ivins United States9 January 1990STS-32[130]
George Low United States
James Wetherbee United States
227Aleksandr Balandin Soviet Union11 February 1990Soyuz TM-9[131]
228John Casper United States28 February 1990STS-36[132]
Pierre Thuot United States
230Gennadi Manakov Soviet Union1 August 1990Soyuz TM-10[133]
231Thomas Akers United States6 October 1990STS-41[134]
Robert Cabana United States
Bruce Melnick United States
234Frank Culbertson United States15 November 1990STS-38[135]
Charles Gemar United States
Carl Meade United States
237Samuel Durrance United States2 December 1990STS-35[136]
Ronald Parise United States
239Viktor Afanasyev Soviet Union2 December 1990Soyuz TM-11[137]
Toyohiro Akiyama Japan
241Jerome Apt United States5 April 1991STS-37[138]
Kenneth Cameron United States
Linda Godwin United States
244Lloyd Hammond United States28 April 1991STS-39[139]
Gregory Harbaugh United States
Richard Hieb United States
Donald McMonagle United States
Charles Veach United States
249Anatoly Artsebarsky Soviet Union18 May 1991Soyuz TM-12[140]
Helen Sharman United Kingdom
251Francis Gaffney United States5 June 1991STS-40[141]
Sidney Gutierrez United States
Millie Hughes-Fulford United States
Tamara Jernigan United States
255Michael Baker United States2 August 1991STS-43[142]
256Kenneth Reightler United States12 September 1991STS-48[143]
257Toktar Aubakirov Soviet Union2 October 1991Soyuz TM-13[144][nb 12]
Franz Viehböck Austria[144]
259Thomas Hennen United States24 November 1991STS-44[145]
Terence Henricks United States
Mario Runco United States
James Voss United States
263Roberta Bondar Canada22 January 1992STS-42[146]
Stephen Oswald United States
William Readdy United States
266Klaus-Dietrich Flade Germany17 March 1992Soyuz TM-14[147]
Aleksandr Kaleri Russia
268Brian Duffy United States24 March 1992STS-45[148]
Michael Foale United States[148][nb 13]
Dirk Frimout Belgium[148]
271Kevin Chilton United States7 May 1992STS-49[148]
272Kenneth Bowersox United States25 June 1992STS-50[149]
Lawrence DeLucas United States
Eugene Trinh United States
275Sergei Avdeyev Russia27 July 1992Soyuz TM-15[150]
Michel Tognini France
277Andrew Allen United States31 July 1992STS-46[151]
Franco Malerba Italy
Claude Nicollier  Switzerland
280Curtis Brown United States12 September 1992STS-47[152]
Nancy Davis United States
Mae Jemison United States
Mamoru Mohri Japan
284Steven MacLean Canada22 October 1992STS-52[153]
285Michael Clifford United States2 December 1992STS-53[154]
286Susan Helms United States13 January 1993STS-54[155]
287Aleksandr Poleshchuk Russia24 January 1993Soyuz TM-16[156]
288Kenneth Cockrell United States8 April 1993STS-56[157]
Ellen Ochoa United States
290Bernard Harris United States26 April 1993STS-55[158]
Charles Precourt United States
Hans Schlegel Germany
Ulrich Walter Germany
294Nancy Currie United States21 June 1993STS-57[159]
Janice Voss United States
Peter Wisoff United States
297Jean-Pierre Haigneré France1 July 1993Soyuz TM-17[160]
Vasily Tsibliyev Russia
299Daniel Bursch United States12 September 1993STS-51[161]
James Newman United States
Carl Walz United States
302Martin Fettman United States18 October 1993STS-58[162]
William McArthur United States
Richard Searfoss United States
David Wolf United States
306Yury Usachov Russia8 January 1994Soyuz TM-18[163]
307Ronald Sega United States3 February 1994STS-60[164]
308Thomas Jones United States9 April 1994STS-59[165]
309Yuri Malenchenko Russia1 July 1994Soyuz TM-19[166]
Talgat Musabayev Russia
311Leroy Chiao United States8 July 1994STS-65[167]
James Halsell United States
Chiaki Mukai Japan
Donald Thomas United States
315Jerry Linenger United States9 September 1994STS-64[168]
316Stephen Smith United States30 September 1994STS-68[169]
Terrence Wilcutt United States
318Yelena Kondakova Russia3 October 1994Soyuz TM-20[170]
319Jean-François Clervoy France3 November 1994STS-66[171]
Scott Parazynski United States
Joseph Tanner United States
322Eileen Collins United States3 February 1995STS-63[172]
323William Gregory United States2 March 1995STS-67[173]
John Grunsfeld United States
Wendy Lawrence United States
326Vladimir Dezhurov Russia14 March 1995Soyuz TM-21[174]
327Nikolai Budarin Russia27 June 1995STS-71[175]
328Kevin Kregel United States13 July 1995STS-70[176]
Mary Weber United States
330Yuri Gidzenko Russia3 September 1995Soyuz TM-22[177]
Thomas Reiter Germany
332Michael Gernhardt United States7 September 1995STS-69[178]
333Catherine Coleman United States20 October 1995STS-73[179]
Frederick Leslie United States
Michael López-Alegría United States
Kent Rominger United States
Albert Sacco United States
338Chris Hadfield Canada12 November 1995STS-74[180]
339Daniel Barry United States11 January 1996STS-72[181]
Brent Jett United States
Winston Scott United States
Koichi Wakata Japan
343Yury Onufriyenko Russia21 February 1996Soyuz TM-23[182]
344Maurizio Cheli Italy22 February 1996STS-75[183]
Umberto Guidoni Italy
Scott Horowitz United States
347Andrew Thomas United States19 May 1996STS-77[184]
348Charles Brady United States20 June 1996STS-78[185]
Jean-Jacques Favier France
Richard Linnehan United States
Robert Thirsk Canada
352Claudie Haigneré France17 August 1996Soyuz TM-24[186]
Valery Korzun Russia
354Reinhold Ewald Germany10 February 1997Soyuz TM-25[187]
Aleksandr Lazutkin Russia
356Roger Crouch United States4 April 1997STS-83[188]
Gregory Linteris United States
Susan Kilrain United States
359Edward Lu United States15 May 1997STS-84[189]
Carlos Noriega United States
361Pavel Vinogradov Russia5 August 1997Soyuz TM-26[190]
362Robert Curbeam United States7 August 1997STS-85[191]
Stephen Robinson United States
Bjarni Tryggvason Canada
365Michael Bloomfield United States26 September 1997STS-86[192]
366Kalpana Chawla † United States19 November 1997STS-87[193][nb 14]
Takao Doi Japan[193]
Leonid Kadeniuk Ukraine
Steven Lindsey United States
370Michael Anderson † United States23 January 1998STS-89[194][nb 14]
Joe Edwards United States[194]
James Reilly United States
Salizhan Sharipov Russia
374Léopold Eyharts France29 January 1998Soyuz TM-27[195]
375Scott Altman United States17 April 1998STS-90[196]
Jay Buckey United States
Kathryn Hire United States
James Pawelczyk United States
Dafydd Williams Canada
380Dominic Gorie United States2 June 1998STS-91[197]
Janet Kavandi United States
382Yuri Baturin Russia13 August 1998Soyuz TM-28[198]
Gennady Padalka Russia
384Pedro Duque Spain29 October 1998STS-95[199]
385Frederick Sturckow United States4 December 1998STS-88[200]
386Ivan Bella Slovakia20 February 1999Soyuz TM-29[201]
387Rick Husband † United States27 May 1999STS-96[202][nb 14]
Julie Payette Canada[202]
Valeri Tokarev Russia
390Jeffrey Ashby United States23 July 1999STS-93[203]
391Scott Kelly United States20 December 1999STS-103[204]
392Gerhard Thiele Germany11 February 2000STS-99[205]
393Sergei Zalyotin Russia4 April 2000Soyuz TM-30[206]
394Jeffrey Williams United States19 May 2000STS-101[207]
395Daniel Burbank United States8 September 2000STS-106[208]
Richard Mastracchio United States
Boris Morukov Russia
398Pamela Melroy United States11 October 2000STS-92[209]
399Mark Polansky United States7 February 2001STS-98[210]
400James Kelly United States8 March 2001STS-102[211]
Paul Richards United States
402Yury Lonchakov Russia19 April 2001STS-100[212][213]
John Phillips United States[213][214]
404Dennis Tito United States28 April 2001Soyuz TM-32[215]
405Charles Hobaugh United States12 July 2001STS-104[216]
406Patrick Forrester United States10 August 2001STS-105[217]
Mikhail Tyurin Russia
408Konstantin Kozeyev Russia21 October 2001Soyuz TM-33[218]
409Mark Kelly United States5 December 2001STS-108[219]
Daniel Tani United States
411Duane Carey United States1 March 2002STS-109[220]
Michael Massimino United States
413Stephen Frick United States8 April 2002STS-110[221]
Lee Morin United States
Rex Walheim United States
416Mark Shuttleworth South Africa25 April 2002Soyuz TM-34[222]
Roberto Vittori Italy
418Paul Lockhart United States5 June 2002STS-111[223]
Philippe Perrin France
Sergei Treshchov Russia
Peggy Whitson United States
422Sandra Magnus United States7 October 2002STS-112[224]
Piers Sellers United States[224][nb 15]
Fyodor Yurchikhin Russia[224]
425Frank De Winne Belgium30 October 2002Soyuz TMA-1[225]
426John Herrington United States24 November 2002STS-113[226]
Donald Pettit United States
428David Brown ‡ United States16 January 2003STS-107[226][nb 14]
Laurel Clark ‡ United States
William McCool ‡ United States
Ilan Ramon ‡ Israel
432Yang Liwei China15 October 2003Shenzhou 5[227]
433Edward Fincke United States19 April 2004Soyuz TMA-4[228]
André Kuipers Netherlands
435Michael Melvill United States21 June 2004SpaceShipOne 15P[229][230][231]
436Brian Binnie United States4 October 2004SpaceShipOne 17P[231][232][233]
437Yuri Shargin Russia14 October 2004Soyuz TMA-5[234]
438Charles Camarda United States26 July 2005STS-114[235]
Soichi Noguchi Japan
440Gregory Olsen United States1 October 2005Soyuz TMA-7[236]
441Fei Junlong China12 October 2005Shenzhou 6[237]
Nie Haisheng China
443Marcos Pontes Brazil30 March 2006Soyuz TMA-8[238]
444Michael Fossum United States4 July 2006STS-121[239]
Lisa Nowak United States
Stephanie Wilson United States
447Christopher Ferguson United States9 September 2006STS-115[240]
Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper United States
449Anousheh Ansari United States18 September 2006Soyuz TMA-9[241][nb 16]
450Christer Fuglesang Sweden10 December 2006STS-116[242]
Joan Higginbotham United States[242]
William Oefelein United States[242]
Nicholas Patrick United States[242][nb 17]
Sunita Williams United States[242]
455Oleg Kotov Russia7 April 2007Soyuz TMA-10[243]
Charles Simonyi United States
457Clayton Anderson United States8 June 2007STS-117[244]
Lee Archambault United States
John Olivas United States
Steven Swanson United States
461Tracy Caldwell Dyson United States8 August 2007STS-118[245]
Benjamin Drew United States
Barbara Morgan United States
464Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor Malaysia10 October 2007Soyuz TMA-11[246]
465Paolo Nespoli Italy23 October 2007STS-120[247]
Douglas Wheelock United States
George Zamka United States
468Stanley Love United States7 February 2008STS-122[248]
Leland Melvin United States
Alan Poindexter United States
471Robert Behnken United States11 March 2008STS-123[249]
Michael Foreman United States
Gregory H. Johnson United States
Garrett Reisman United States
475Oleg Kononenko Russia8 April 2008Soyuz TMA-12[250]
Sergey Volkov Russia
Yi So-Yeon South Korea
478Gregory Chamitoff United States31 May 2008STS-124[251]
Ronald Garan United States
Kenneth Ham United States
Akihiko Hoshide Japan
Karen Nyberg United States
483Jing Haipeng China25 September 2008Shenzhou 7[252]
Liu Boming China
Zhai Zhigang China
486Richard Garriott United States12 October 2008Soyuz TMA-13[253]
487Eric Boe United States15 November 2008STS-126[254]
Stephen Bowen United States
Robert Kimbrough United States
490Joseph Acaba United States15 March 2009STS-119[255]
Dominic Antonelli United States
Richard Arnold United States
493Michael Barratt United States26 March 2009Soyuz TMA-14[256]
494Andrew Feustel United States11 May 2009STS-125[257]
Michael Good United States
Gregory C. Johnson United States
Megan McArthur United States
498Roman Romanenko Russia27 May 2009Soyuz TMA-15[258]
499Christopher Cassidy United States15 July 2009STS-127[259]
Douglas Hurley United States
Timothy Kopra United States
Thomas Marshburn United States
503Kevin Ford United States29 August 2009STS-128[260]
José M. Hernández United States
Nicole Stott United States
506Guy Laliberté Canada30 September 2009Soyuz TMA-16[261]
Maksim Surayev Russia
508Randolph Bresnik United States12 November 2009STS-129[262]
Robert Satcher United States
Barry Wilmore United States
511Timothy Creamer United States20 December 2009Soyuz TMA-17[263]
512Terry Virts United States8 February 2010STS-130[264]
513Mikhail Korniyenko Russia2 April 2010Soyuz TMA-18[265]
Aleksandr Skvortsov Russia
515James Dutton United States5 April 2010STS-131[266]
Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger United States
Naoko Yamazaki Japan
518Shannon Walker United States15 June 2010Soyuz TMA-19[267]
519Oleg Skripochka Russia7 October 2010Soyuz TMA-01M[268]
520Dmitri Kondratyev Russia15 December 2010Soyuz TMA-20[269]
521Andrei Borisenko Russia4 April 2011Soyuz TMA-21[270]
Aleksandr Samokutyayev Russia
523Satoshi Furukawa Japan7 June 2011Soyuz TMA-02M[271]
524Anatoli Ivanishin Russia14 November 2011Soyuz TMA-22[272]
Anton Shkaplerov Russia
526Sergei Revin Russia15 May 2012Soyuz TMA-04M[273]
527Liu Wang China16 June 2012Shenzhou 9[274]
Liu Yang China
529Oleg Novitskiy Russia23 October 2012Soyuz TMA-06M[275]
Evgeny Tarelkin Russia
531Alexander Misurkin Russia28 March 2013Soyuz TMA-08M[276]
532Luca Parmitano Italy28 May 2013Soyuz TMA-09M[277]
533Zhang Xiaoguang China11 June 2013Shenzhou 10[278]
Wang Yaping China
535Michael Hopkins United States25 September 2013Soyuz TMA-10M[279]
Sergey Ryazansky Russia
537Oleg Artemyev Russia25 March 2014Soyuz TMA-12M[280]
538Reid Wiseman United States28 May 2014Soyuz TMA-13M[281]
Alexander Gerst Germany
540Yelena Serova Russia25 September 2014Soyuz TMA-14M[282]
541Samantha Cristoforetti Italy23 November 2014Soyuz TMA-15M[283]
542Kimiya Yui Japan22 July 2015Soyuz TMA-17M[284]
Kjell N. Lindgren United States
544Andreas Mogensen Denmark2 September 2015Soyuz TMA-18M[285]
Aidyn Aimbetov Kazakhstan[285][nb 12]
546Tim Peake United Kingdom15 December 2015Soyuz TMA-19M[286][287]
547Aleksey Ovchinin Russia18 March 2016Soyuz TMA-20M[288]
548Takuya Onishi Japan7 July 2016Soyuz MS-01[289]
Kathleen Rubins United States
550Chen Dong China17 October 2016Shenzhou 11[290]
551Sergey Nikolayevich Ryzhikov Russia19 October 2016Soyuz MS-02[291]
552Thomas Pesquet France17 November 2016Soyuz MS-03[292]
553Jack Fischer United States20 April 2017Soyuz MS-04[293]
554Mark Vande Hei United States12 September 2017Soyuz MS-06[294]
555Norishige Kanai Japan17 December 2017Soyuz MS-07[295][296]
Scott D. Tingle United States
557Sergey Prokopyev Russia6 June 2018Soyuz MS-09[297][298]
Serena Auñón-Chancellor United States
—Nick Hague ⊗ United States11 October 2018Soyuz MS-10[299][nb 18]
559David Saint-Jacques Canada3 December 2018Soyuz MS-11[301]
Anne McClain United States
561Nick Hague United States14 March 2019Soyuz MS-12[302][nb 4]
Christina Koch United States[302]
563Andrew R. Morgan United States20 July 2019Soyuz MS-13[303]
564Jessica Meir United States25 September 2019Soyuz MS-15[304]
Hazza Al Mansouri United Arab Emirates
566Ivan Vagner Russia9 April 2020Soyuz MS-16[305]
567Sergey Kud-Sverchkov Russia14 October 2020Soyuz MS-17[306]
568Victor Glover United States15 November 2020SpaceX Crew-1[307]
569Pyotr Dubrov Russia9 April 2021Soyuz MS-18[308]
570Tang Hongbo China17 June 2021Shenzhou 12[309]
571 Jeff Bezos  United States 20 July 2021 Blue Origin NS-16 [310]
Wally Funk  United States
Oliver Daemen  Netherlands
Mark Bezos  United States
575 Jared Isaacman  United States 15 September 2021 Inspiration4 [311]
Sian Proctor  United States
Hayley Arceneaux  United States
Christopher Sembroski  United States
579 Klim Shipenko  Russia 5 October 2021 Soyuz MS-19 [312]
Yulia Peresild  Russia
581 Audrey Powers  United States 13 October 2021 Blue Origin NS-18 [313]
Chris Boshuizen  Australia
Glen de Vries  United States
William Shatner  Canada
585Ye Guangfu China15 October 2021Shenzhou 13[314]
586 Raja Chari  United States 11 November 2021 SpaceX Crew-3 [315]
Kayla Barron  United States
Matthias Maurer  Germany
589 Yusaku Maezawa  Japan 8 December 2021 Soyuz MS-20 [316]
Yozo Hirano  Japan
591 Laura Shepard Churchley  United States 11 December 2021 Blue Origin NS-19 [317]
Michael Strahan  United States
Dylan Taylor  United States
Evan Dick  United States
Lane Bess  United States
Cameron Bess  United States
597 Denis Matveev  Russia 18 March 2022 Soyuz MS-21 [318]
Sergey Korsakov  Russia
599 Marty Allen  United States 31 March 2022 Blue Origin NS-20 [319]
Sharon Hagle  United States
Marc Hagle  United States
Jim Kitchen  United States
George Nield  United States
Gary Lai  United States
605 Larry Connor  United States 8 April 2022 Axiom Mission 1 [320]
Mark Pathy  Canada
Eytan Stibbe  Israel
608 Robert Hines  United States 27 April 2022 SpaceX Crew-4 [321]
Jessica Watkins  United States
610 Katya Echazarreta  United States 4 June 2022 Blue Origin NS-21 [322]
Hamish Harding  United Kingdom
Victor Correa Hespanha  Brazil
Jaison Robinson  United States
Victor Vescovo  United States
615Cai Xuzhe China5 June 2022Shenzhou 14[323]
616 Coby Cotton  United States 4 August 2022 Blue Origin NS-22 [324][nb 19]
Mário Ferreira  Portugal
Vanessa O'Brien  United Kingdom
Clint Kelly III  United States
Sara Sabry  Egypt
Steve Young  United States
622 Dmitry Petelin  Russia 21 September 2022 Soyuz MS-22
Francisco Rubio  United States
624 Nicole Aunapu Mann  United States 5 October 2022 SpaceX Crew-5
Josh A. Cassada  United States
Anna Kikina  Russia
627 Deng Qingming  China 29 November 2022 Shenzhou 15
Zhang Lu  China
629 Warren Hoburg  United States 2 March 2023 SpaceX Crew-6 [325]
Sultan Al Neyadi  United Arab Emirates
Andrey Fedyaev  Russia
632 John Shoffner  United States 21 May 2023 Axiom Mission 2 [326]
Ali AlQarni  Saudi Arabia
Rayyanah Barnawi  Saudi Arabia
635 Zhu Yangzhu  China 30 May 2023 Shenzhou 16
Gui Haichao  China
637 Jasmin Moghbeli  United States 26 August 2023 SpaceX Crew-7 [327][328]
Konstantin Borisov  Russia
639 Nikolai Chub  Russia 15 September 2023 Soyuz MS-24 [329]
Loral O'Hara  United States
641 Tang Shengjie  China 26 October 2023 Shenzhou 17 [330]
Jiang Xinlin  China


See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Fatalities which occurred during training or testing are not included in this list, but can be found in the list of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents.
  2. ↑ i.e. In a class of vehicle that had already been flight-proven above 100 km (62 mi), for most of its launches.
  3. ↑ In cases where the first space traveller from a particular country flew on a sub-orbital flight, that flight is also linked in italics.
  4. 1 2 Most space travellers have a single entry in the table dated on the launch of their first spaceflight or attempt thereof. The only exception is when a traveller successfully crossed 100 km (62 mi) for the first time after a failed attempt.
  5. ↑ The distance of Gagarin's spaceflight exceeded the circumference of the Earth and the total duration of the flight exceeded its orbital period. Due to the rotation of the Earth, Gagarin nevertheless landed west of the Vostok 1 launch site after completing a single orbit.
  6. ↑ Under Fédération Aéronautique Internationale rules, the Vostok missions are not deemed completed spaceflights, as cosmonauts did not land with the spacecraft (they ejected from the spacecraft and landed separately). The first Soviet mission that did fulfill this requirement was Voskhod 1.[3] However, despite this issue, the FAI does recognize Yuri Gagarin as the first person to perform a spaceflight.[4]
  7. ↑ Vladimir Komarov died during Soyuz 1.
  8. 1 2 Soyuz 11 capsule depressurised in orbit.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 See the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.
  10. ↑ Lodewijk van den Berg was a naturalised United States citizen at the time of his flight, having been born in the Netherlands.
  11. ↑ Franklin Chang Díaz is a dual national of the United States and Costa Rica, but flew under the United States flag.
  12. 1 2 Toktar Aubakirov returned to Earth prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, upon which he became a Kazakh citizen.
  13. ↑ Michael Foale is a dual national of the United States and the United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
  14. 1 2 3 4 See the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
  15. ↑ Piers Sellers was a dual national of the United States and United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
  16. ↑ Anousheh Ansari is a dual national of the United States and Iran, but flew under the United States flag.
  17. ↑ Nicholas Patrick is a dual national of the United States and United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
  18. ↑ Soyuz MS-10 booster failed several minutes after launch, and achieved sub-orbital spaceflight only according to the United States definition of 80 km (50 mi). The flight reached an altitude of 93 km (58 mi), not high enough to meet the official FAI criterion of 100 km (62 mi). The crew landed safely.[300]
  19. ↑ Vanessa O'Brien is a dual national of the United States and the United Kingdom, but flew under the United Kingdom flag.

References

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  2. ↑ "First man in space". History.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  3. ↑ "FAI Astronautic Records Commission – Sporting Code Section 8" (PDF). Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2006. Retrieved 9 April 2006.
  4. ↑ "FAI Award: The Yuri A. Gagarin Gold Medal". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
  5. ↑ "May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard in Spacesuit Before Mercury Launch". NASA. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  6. ↑ Taylor Redd, Nola (5 May 2014). "Alan Shepard: First American in Space". Space.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  7. ↑ White, Mary C. "Detailed Biographies of Apollo I Crew - Gus Grissom". NASA History. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
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  9. ↑ "1961: Russian cosmonaut spends day in space". BBC. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
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  11. ↑ "Glenn Orbits the Earth". NASA. 16 February 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
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  37. ↑ "Soyuz 5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  38. ↑ "Apollo 9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  39. ↑ "Soyuz 6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  40. 1 2 "Soyuz 7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  41. ↑ "Apollo 12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  42. ↑ "Apollo 13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  43. ↑ "Soyuz 9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  44. ↑ "Apollo 14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  45. ↑ "Soyuz 10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  46. ↑ "Soyuz 11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  47. ↑ "Apollo 15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  48. ↑ "Apollo 16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  49. ↑ "Apollo 17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  53. ↑ "Skylab 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  56. ↑ "Soyuz 15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  57. ↑ "Soyuz 17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  58. ↑ "ASTP". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  59. ↑ "Soyuz 21". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  60. ↑ "Soyuz 22". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  61. ↑ "Soyuz 23". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  62. ↑ "Soyuz 24". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  63. ↑ "Soyuz 25". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  64. ↑ "Soyuz 26". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  65. ↑ "Soyuz 27". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  66. ↑ "Soyuz 28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  67. ↑ "Soyuz 29". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  68. ↑ "Soyuz 30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  69. ↑ "Soyuz 31". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  70. ↑ "Soyuz 32". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  71. ↑ "Soyuz 33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  72. ↑ "Soyuz 35". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  73. ↑ "Soyuz 36". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  74. ↑ "Soyuz T-2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  75. ↑ "Soyuz 37". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  76. ↑ "Soyuz 38". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  77. ↑ "Soyuz T-3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  78. ↑ "Soyuz T-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  79. ↑ "Soyuz 39". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  80. ↑ "STS-1". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  81. ↑ "STS-1 History". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  82. ↑ "Soyuz 40". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  83. ↑ "STS-2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  84. ↑ "STS-3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  85. ↑ "Soyuz T-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  86. ↑ "Soyuz T-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  87. ↑ "STS-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  88. ↑ "Soyuz T-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  89. ↑ "STS-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  90. ↑ "STS-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  91. ↑ "Soyuz T-8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  92. ↑ "STS-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  93. ↑ "Soyuz T-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  94. ↑ "STS-8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  95. ↑ "STS-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  96. 1 2 3 4 "STS-41B". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  97. ↑ "Soyuz T-10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  98. ↑ "Soyuz T-11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  99. 1 2 3 4 "STS-41C". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  100. ↑ "Soyuz T-12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  101. 1 2 3 4 5 "STS-41D". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  106. 1 2 3 4 "STS-51B". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  119. ↑ "Soyuz TM-3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  120. ↑ "Soyuz TM-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  121. ↑ "Soyuz TM-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  122. ↑ "Soyuz TM-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  123. ↑ "Soyuz TM-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  124. ↑ "STS-27". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  125. ↑ "STS-29". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  126. ↑ "STS-30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  127. ↑ "STS-28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  128. ↑ "STS-34". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  129. ↑ "STS-33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  130. ↑ "STS-32". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  131. ↑ "Soyuz TM-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  132. ↑ "STS-36". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  133. ↑ "Soyuz TM-10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  134. ↑ "STS-41". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  135. ↑ "STS-38". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  136. ↑ "STS-35". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  137. ↑ "Soyuz TM-11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  138. ↑ "STS-37". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  139. ↑ "STS-39". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  140. ↑ "Soyuz TM-12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  141. ↑ "STS-40". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  142. ↑ "STS-43". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  143. ↑ "STS-48". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  144. 1 2 "Soyuz TM-13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  145. ↑ "STS-44". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  146. ↑ "STS-42". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  147. ↑ "Soyuz TM-14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  148. 1 2 3 4 "STS-45". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  149. ↑ "STS-50". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  150. ↑ "Soyuz TM-15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  151. ↑ "STS-46". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  152. ↑ "STS-47". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  153. ↑ "STS-52". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  154. ↑ "STS-53". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  155. ↑ "STS-54". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  157. ↑ "STS-56". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  158. ↑ "STS-55". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  159. ↑ "STS-57". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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