Susana Díaz
5th President of the Autonomous Government of Andalusia
In office
5 September 2013 – 18 January 2019
MonarchFelipe VI
Deputy
Preceded byJosé Antonio Griñán
Succeeded byJuan Manuel Moreno
Secretary-General of the Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia
In office
23 November 2013 – 23 July 2021
PresidentMicaela Navarro
Preceded byJosé Antonio Griñán
Succeeded byJuan Espadas
Member of the Congress of Deputies
In office
1 April 2004 – 2 April 2008
ConstituencySeville
Member of the Senate
Assumed office
22 July 2021
ConstituencyAndalusia
In office
21 December 2011 – 6 May 2012
ConstituencyAndalusia
Member of the Parliament of Andalusia
In office
3 April 2008 – 25 September 2021
ConstituencySeville
Member of the Seville City Council
In office
4 July 1999 – 2 April 2004
Personal details
Born
Susana Díaz Pacheco

(1974-10-18) 18 October 1974
Seville, Andalusia, Spain
CitizenshipSpanish
Political partySpanish Socialist Workers' Party
SpouseJosé María Moriche Ibáñez
ChildrenJosé María
Parent(s)José Díaz
Rosa Pacheco
Alma materUniversity of Seville
Signature

Susana Díaz Pacheco (Spanish pronunciation: [suˈsana ˈði.aθ]; born 18 October 1974, Seville, Spain) is a Spanish politician from Andalusia and a leading figure in the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) as the former leader of the Andalusian PSOE-A.[1]

She served as the President of Andalusia until January 2019, having acceded to the presidency following José Antonio Griñán's resignation in 2013, and was subsequently re-elected in Andalusia's 2015 regional election. Until July 2021, she served as the Secretary-General of the Andalusian branch of PSOE.

From 2016 she combined her regional roles with aspirations to the national leadership of the party. Following her defeat to Pedro Sánchez in the 2017 PSOE leadership elections, she has continued with her regional responsibilities.

Early life

Susana Díaz was born the eldest child to José Díaz,[2] a plumber in the Seville City Council, and his wife, Rosa Pacheco, a housewife with whom he had three other daughters, Diana, Rocío and Laura.[3][4] She has a child named José María.[5]

She studied law at the University of Seville and finished her degree after ten years.[6]

Early political career

Susana Díaz was elected secretary of Organisation of Socialist Youth of Andalusia in 1997. In the elections of June 1999 she was included in the list of the PSOE to the City of Seville and was elected as councillor and, Alfredo Sánchez Monteseirín as mayor.

Susana Díaz studied law at the University of Seville.

Congresswoman and Senator (2004–2012)

After her time with the Socialist Youth, she held various political positions (deputy for Seville in the Congress of Deputies between 2004 and 2008, deputy for Seville in the Parliament of Andalusia since 2008,[7] and senator for Andalusia between 2011 and 2012) and organic positions within the PSOE (organisational secretary of the PSOE in Seville between 2004 and 2010 and of the PSOE in Andalusia from March 2010 to July 2012).[8]

Councillor for the Presidency and Equality of the Junta de Andalucía (2012–2013)

On 6 May 2012, José Antonio Griñán placed her at the head of the Ministry of Presidency and Equality in the Junta de Andalucía.[7] She was Secretary General of the PSOE in Seville between 14 July, 201215 and 30 November 2013.[9]

Susana Díaz 2014b (cropped)

President of Andalusia (2013–2019)

Díaz was elected as President of Andalusia in 2013, ruling in coalition with the left-wing United Left party.

Role in Pedro Sánchez's first leadership election

In the aftermath of 2014 European Parliament election in Spain, PSOE's national leader Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba resigned and a leadership contest was held. Díaz, who still had not won any major election, did not run,[10] but a coalition of regional leaders including herself, opposed the candidacy of early front-runner Eduardo Madina, who was seen as Rubalcaba's heir, and supported a change in the party's policies. These regional leaders backed Economics Ph.D. Pedro Sánchez to become the party's new leader, what eventually happened, with Sánchez winning a majority of the party member's vote. As a setoff, critical regional leaders entered PSOE's executive committee.[11]

Second term

Following a disagreement with the United Left, she called for early elections, which were held in 2015.

During the 2015 Andalusian parliamentary election, Díaz led a forceful campaign against Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy, opposing the austerity policies enacted by his central government. Díaz also insisted that the Socialists would not form an alliance with the PP or Podemos if the vote failed to produce an outright winner.[12]

In the election, Díaz's party retained the same number of seats as prior to the election – 47 – although the election was still considered a victory for the PSOE as it regained its previous status as the largest party in the Andalusian Parliament. This was because the main opposition PP lost 17 seats and Díaz's former coalition partner, United Left, lost 7 seats. Two new parties, the left-wing Podemos and the centre-right Citizens, won 15 and 9 seats respectively. After a long period of three-way negotiations with the two new parties, Diaz came to an agreement with Citizens, and in early May 2015 she was subsequently re-elected as regional President.

Role in the 2015–16 Spanish government formation and 2016 PSOE crisis

General elections were held in Spain in December 2015. Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy's [People's Party (Spain|PP) won the most seats, but refused to form a government as a majority of the Congress of Deputies were hostile to him.[13] King Felipe VI then invited the runner-up PSOE's leader Pedro Sánchez to form a government;[14] however, Díaz and her coalition of regional leaders barred Sánchez from forming a government with the third-place left-wing populist, anti-austerity Podemos[15] thus forcing him to make a deal with the fourth-place, liberal-conservative Citizens.[16] However, this arrangement would not achieve parliamentary majority, and repeat general elections were held six months later in 2016 while Rajoy remained prime minister in a caretaker capacity. Díaz warned Sánchez that the party would not tolerate another electoral loss.[17]

In the repeat elections, the PSOE maintained second place and lost five seats, while Rajoy's PP came first and gained 14 seats; the King invited Rajoy to form a government, however, a majority of Congress was still hostile to him.[18] Despite another second-place showing as PSOE leader, Sánchez was confident he could form a government with the 180 (out of 350) deputies who opposed Rajoy and the PP, including Podemos as well as Catalan and Basque regionalist and separatist parties.[19] Díaz, meanwhile, soundly advocated that the PSOE should remain in opposition and allow Rajoy to form a government.[20] This, added to more defeats of PSOE in Galicia and Basque Country regional elections, being overtaken by Podemos-led alliances and achieving record low results,[21] prompted dissenters—led by Susana Díaz—to call for Sánchez's immediate resignation as PSOE leader [22] and led to a party crisis. Sánchez challenged his critics to defeat him in a primary election;,[23] however, by 1 October he had lost control of both the Executive and Federal Party Committees, resigning as party leader and as an MP.[24][25] A caretaker committee led by Asturian president Javier Fernández Fernández ordered all PSOE MPs to abstain in order to allow Rajoy to remain in office,[26] considering the alternative was a third election which was feared by the caretaker committee as opinion polls were predicting a PP landslide and that the PSOE would be overtaken by Podemos.[27] Ultimately, only 15 PSOE MPs broke party discipline and voted against Rajoy.[28]

Failed attempt to become national PSOE leader

Díaz submitted her bid for the 2017 PSOE leadership election, along with Pedro Sánchez and Patxi López. Three former party leaders, Felipe González, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero and Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, as well as several former PSOE ministers and regional leaders backed her.[29] Sánchez successfully returned to PSOE's leadership with a 10-point difference over Díaz in the membership vote,[30] took full control of the party and removed all his critics from the party's executive. Former and regional leaders' support proved to be more of a burden rather than a boost for Díaz, as this was exploited by Sánchez to tick her as the establishment's candidate, gaining support from the party's grassroots.[31][32]

2018 snap election and exit of regional power

In May 2018, national PSOE leader Pedro Sánchez filed a vote of no confidence in the government of Mariano Rajoy that placed him as Prime Minister of Spain with the support of Podemos and Catalan and Basque nationalist parties. Citizens, Diaz's partner in Andalusia and being a party which strongly opposes these movements, withdrew their support to PSOE and Díaz, triggering a snap election.[33] In the 2018 Andalusian regional election support for Diaz's socialist party dropped to 33 seats, losing 14 from the previous election. Once again her political party was the most voted in Andalusia, but Susana Diaz could lose presidency of Andalusia if the People's Party and Citizens join forces with VOX; a new political party without previous representation that retrieved 12 seats and was labelled by Diaz as "far-right".[34]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Susana Díaz se la juega en Sevilla y echa el resto con Juan Espadas". El Mundo (in Spanish). 16 February 2019.
  2. ↑ Sánchez-Mellado, Luz (7 July 2013). "Susana Díaz quiere ser baronesa". El País (in Spanish). Almería: Prisa. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  3. ↑ Torres, Carmen (24 November 2013). "La última esperanza socialista". El Mundo (in Spanish). Sevilla: Unidad Editorial Información General S.L.U. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  4. ↑ "Las imágenes y anécdotas de la investidura de Susana Díaz". HuffPost (in Spanish). España Prisa Noticias S.L.U. 14 June 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  5. ↑ GTRES (7 March 2016). "El íntimo y tenso bautizo del hijo de Susana Díaz, en el barrio de Triana". El Mundo. Unidad Editorial. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  6. ↑ "La última esperanza socialista". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 24 November 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  7. 1 2 "Especial IX Legislatura". 9 May 2012. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  8. ↑ "El PSOE-A da el sí a Griñán con un respaldo que roza el 100%". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 13 March 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  9. ↑ "Verónica Pérez acaba con las rencillas y sella la unidad en el PSOE de Sevilla". elcorreoweb.es (in European Spanish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  10. ↑ Sanz, Luis Ángel (10 June 2014). "Susana Díaz no se presenta a liderar el PSOE para no desgastarse como presidenta". El Mundo (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  11. ↑ "Pedro Sánchez proclaims "it is the beginning of the end of Mariano Rajoy as Prime Minister"". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 13 July 2014.
  12. ↑ Minder, Raphael (22 March 2016). "Shy of Majority, Socialists Win in Spain's Andalusia". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  13. ↑ Casqueiro, Javier (22 January 2016). "Rajoy no se someterá a la investidura y deja que Iglesias y Sánchez intenten un Gobierno". El País (in Spanish).
  14. ↑ Garea, Fernando (15 February 2016). "Pedro Sánchez se someterá a la investidura el 2 de marzo". El País (in Spanish).
  15. ↑ Díez, Anabel (24 December 2015). "Los barones del PSOE se unen contra Sánchez para limitar su poder de pacto". El País (in Spanish).
  16. ↑ "Sánchez ata un pacto con Ciudadanos y busca más apoyos". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 23 February 2016.
  17. ↑ La Vanguardia. Susana Díaz advierte a Pedro Sánchez que sólo será presidente si gana las elecciones (in Spanish)
  18. ↑ Alberola, Miquel (28 July 2016). "Mariano Rajoy acepta la investidura sin aclarar si se someterá a votación". El País (in Spanish).
  19. ↑ "Pedro Sánchez resucita el Gobierno del cambio para justificar su 'no' a Rajoy". El Mundo (in Spanish). 2 September 2016.
  20. ↑ Vozpópuli. Susana Díaz: "Es evidente que el electorado nos ha mandado a la oposición".
  21. ↑ "El PP coge aire en las urnas gallegas y vascas frente a un PSOE en caída libre". 20minutos (in Spanish). 26 September 2016.
  22. ↑ "El PSOE andaluz estalla e inicia una guerra en campo abierto contra Sánchez". Público (in Spanish). 26 September 2016.
  23. ↑ "Pedro Sánchez reta a sus críticos a presentarse a las primarias: "Es muy importante que tengamos una sola voz"". El Mundo (in Spanish). 26 September 2016.
  24. ↑ Sanz, Luis Ángel. "Diecisiete miembros de la Ejecutiva del PSOE dimiten para provocar la caída de Pedro Sánchez". El Mundo.
  25. ↑ Díez, Anabel (1 October 2016). "Pedro Sánchez dimite como secretario general del PSOE". El País (in Spanish).
  26. ↑ "Díaz exige el compromiso de todos los diputados en la abstención del PSOE". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 15 October 2016.
  27. ↑ "El PSOE, ante el dilema definitivo: Rajoy ¿presidente ahora o dentro de 55 días?". teinteresa.es (in Spanish). 17 October 2016.
  28. ↑ "Rajoy, investido presidente gracias a la abstención de todos los diputados del PSOE excepto 15". El Mundo (in Spanish). 29 October 2016.
  29. ↑ Sanz, Luis Ángel (26 March 2017). "Susana Díaz se apoya en la vieja guardia del PSOE para vencer a Pedro Sánchez". El Mundo (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  30. ↑ "Primarias 2017. 21 mayo 2017". consultasg.psoe.es (in Spanish). PSOE. Archived from the original on 20 July 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  31. ↑ "Pedro Sánchez vuelca su campaña en Andalucía para contrarrestar el poder de Susana Díaz". Europa Press (in Spanish). Madrid. 19 March 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  32. ↑ Álvarez, Francisco (26 March 2017). "Sánchez: "En estas primarias solo hay dos opciones, la abstención o la militancia"". laSexta (in Spanish). Valencia. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  33. ↑ La Opinión de Málaga. Ciudadanos rompe el pacto con Susana Díaz y aboca a Andalucía a un adelanto electoral (Spanish)
  34. ↑ Wilson, Joseph (2 December 2018). "Far-Right Party Emerges in Spanish Regional Elections". Time. Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
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