The Graduate
Theatrical release poster
Directed byMike Nichols
Screenplay by
Based onThe Graduate
by Charles Webb
Produced byLawrence Turman
Starring
CinematographyRobert Surtees
Edited bySam O'Steen
Music by
Color processTechnicolor
Production
company
Lawrence Turman Productions
Distributed by
Release dates
  • December 20, 1967 (1967-12-20) (premiere)
  • December 21, 1967 (1967-12-21) (United States)[3]
Running time
106 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$3 million
Box office
  • $104.9 million (North America)[4]
  • $85 million (worldwide rentals)[5]

The Graduate is a 1967 American independent[6] romantic comedy-drama film directed by Mike Nichols[7] and written by Buck Henry and Calder Willingham,[8] based on the 1963 novel of the same name by Charles Webb, who wrote it shortly after graduating from Williams College. The film tells the story of 21-year-old Benjamin Braddock, a recent college graduate with no well-defined aim in life who is seduced by an older married woman, Mrs. Robinson, but then falls for her daughter, Elaine.

The Graduate was released December 21, 1967, to critical and commercial success, grossing $104.9 million in the United States and Canada, making it the highest-grossing film of 1967. Adjusted for inflation (as of 2021), the film's gross is $857 million, making it the 22nd highest-grossing film in the United States and Canada, with inflation taken into account.[9]

It received seven nominations at the 40th Academy Awards, including for Best Picture and Best Director, the latter being the film's sole win.[10] In 1996, The Graduate was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[11][12] It is currently (as of the 2007 rankings) ranked by the American Film Institute as the 17th greatest American film of all time, having been originally ranked 7th in 1997.

Plot

After earning his bachelor's degree from an East Coast college, Benjamin Braddock returns to his parents' Pasadena, California, home. During his graduation party, he is urged to join a business dealing in plastics, the material of the future. Benjamin cringes as his parents praise him during the party, and he retreats to his bedroom, until Mrs. Robinson, the wife of his father's law partner, insists that he drive her home. Once there, she tries to seduce him. He initially resists her advances, but his failed attempts to connect with his parents make him feel isolated. Desperate for any kind of connection, he soon invites Mrs. Robinson to the Taft Hotel, where he registers under the pseudonym, "Mr. Gladstone".

Benjamin spends the summer floating in his parents' swimming pool by day and meeting Mrs. Robinson at the hotel by night. During one of their trysts, Mrs. Robinson reveals that her loveless marriage resulted when she accidentally became pregnant with her daughter, Elaine. When Benjamin jokingly suggests that he date Elaine, Mrs. Robinson angrily forbids it. However, Benjamin's parents and Mr. Robinson, unaware of the affair, are eager for Benjamin to date Elaine, and relentlessly pester him to ask her out. Benjamin gives in, and he reluctantly takes Elaine on a date.

When Benjamin sees how upset Mrs. Robinson is, he attempts to sabotage the date by ignoring Elaine, driving recklessly and taking her to a strip club. She flees the club in tears, but Benjamin, feeling remorseful, goes after her, apologizes, and kisses her. They eat at a drive-in restaurant, where they bond over their shared uncertainty about their future plans. After they visit the Taft Hotel for a late-night drink and the staff greet Benjamin as "Mr. Gladstone", Elaine deduces that Benjamin is having an affair with a married woman. Benjamin swears that the affair is over and makes plans for another date with Elaine for the following day.

To prevent Benjamin from dating Elaine, Mrs. Robinson threatens to tell Elaine about their affair. To thwart this, Benjamin reveals to Elaine that the married woman is her mother. Elaine is so upset that she throws Benjamin out of the house. Soon, she returns to school at Berkeley. Benjamin follows her to Berkeley, hoping to regain her affections. Elaine initially rejects him and briefly dates medical student Carl Smith, but then learns that her mother lied to her when she claimed Benjamin raped her, and the pair reconcile. Benjamin pushes for an early marriage, but Elaine is uncertain despite her feelings for him. Later, an angry Mr. Robinson arrives at Berkeley and confronts Benjamin in his boardinghouse room, where he informs him that he and his wife will be divorcing soon and threatens to have Benjamin locked up in prison if he continues to see Elaine. He then forces Elaine to leave college to marry Carl.

Benjamin drives back to Pasadena and breaks into the Robinson home, searching for Elaine. Instead, he finds Mrs. Robinson, who calls the police and claims her house is being burglarized. She tells Benjamin that he cannot prevent Elaine's marriage to Carl. Before the police arrive, Benjamin flees the Robinson home and drives back to Berkeley. There, he visits Carl's fraternity and is told that the wedding will take place in Santa Barbara that day. He speeds to Santa Barbara in the Alfa Romeo he received as a graduation present from his parents. The car runs out of gas a short distance from the church. Benjamin runs to the church, arriving just as the ceremony is ending. Benjamin's desperate appearance in the glass church gallery stirs Elaine into defying her mother and fleeing the sanctuary. Benjamin fights off Mr. Robinson and repels the wedding guests by swinging a large cross, which he uses to barricade the church doors, trapping everyone inside. Benjamin and Elaine (the latter still in her wedding gown) escape aboard a bus and sit among the startled and staring passengers. As the bus drives on, their ecstatic smiles slowly fade away as they begin to ponder their uncertain future.

Cast

Richard Dreyfuss makes a brief, uncredited appearance in his second film role as one of the tenants in Mr. McCleery's building. Ben Murphy also has an uncredited appearance, as the shaving fraternity brother who comes out with a double entendre. Mike Farrell was uncredited as a hotel bellhop.

Production

Getting the film made was difficult for Nichols, who, while noted for being a successful Broadway director, was still an unknown in Hollywood. Producer Lawrence Turman, who wanted only Nichols to direct it, was continually turned down for financing. Turman also said that every studio turned down the project, saying "they read the book and hated it, and no one thought it was funny".[13] He then contacted producer Joseph E. Levine, who said he would finance the film because he had associated with Nichols on the play The Knack,[14] and because he heard Elizabeth Taylor specifically wanted Nichols to direct her and Richard Burton in Virginia Woolf.[15]

With financing assured, Nichols suggested Buck Henry for screenwriter, although Henry's experience had also been mostly in improvised comedy, and he had no writing background. Nichols said to Henry, "I think you could do it; I think you should do it."[15] Nichols was paid $150,000, and was to receive one-sixth of the profits.[14]

Casting

Nichols' first choice for Mrs. Robinson was French actress Jeanne Moreau.[16] The motivation for this was the cliché that in French culture, "older" women tended to "train" the younger men in sexual matters. Numerous actors were considered for or sought roles in the film. Doris Day turned down an offer because the nudity required by the role offended her.[17][18][19] Shelley Winters, Ingrid Bergman, Eva Marie Saint, Ava Gardner, Patricia Neal, Susan Hayward, Deborah Kerr, Rita Hayworth, Lana Turner and Geraldine Page were also considered for the role of Mrs. Robinson.[20][15]

Dustin Hoffman was cast as Liebkind in the Mel Brooks film The Producers (1967), but before filming began Hoffman begged Brooks to let him go to audition for The Graduate.[21] When Dustin Hoffman auditioned for the role of Benjamin, he was just short of his 30th birthday at the time of filming. He was asked to perform a love scene with Ross, having previously never done one, and believed that, as he said later, "a girl like [Ross] would never go for a guy like me in a million years". Ross agreed, believing that Hoffman "looked about 3 feet tall ... so unkempt. This is going to be a disaster." Producer Joseph E. Levine later admitted that he at first believed Hoffman "was one of the messenger boys". Despite — or perhaps because of — Hoffman's awkwardness, Nichols chose him for the film.[22]

"As far as I'm concerned, Mike Nichols did a very courageous thing casting me in a part that I was not right for, meaning I was Jewish," said Hoffman. "In fact, many of the reviews were very negative. It was kind of veiled anti-Semitism.... I was called 'big-nosed' in the reviews; 'a nasal voice'."[23] Hoffman was paid $20,000 for his role in the film, but netted just $4,000 after taxes and living expenses. After spending that money, Hoffman filed for New York State unemployment benefits, receiving $55 per week while living in a two-room apartment in the West Village of Manhattan.[24]

Before Hoffman was cast, Robert Redford and Charles Grodin were among the top choices. Redford tested for the part of Benjamin (with Candice Bergen as Elaine), but Nichols thought Redford did not possess the underdog quality Benjamin needed.[15] Grodin turned down the part at first because of the low $500/week salary offered by producer Lawrence Turman. Grodin was offered more money, but declined again because he did not believe he could prepare for a screen test for the film overnight. "If they had given me three days to prepare, I think I would have gotten the role," he said.[20]

Harrison Ford also auditioned for the role of Benjamin Braddock but was turned down.[25]

Burt Ward was informally offered Hoffman's role, but was already committed to the role of Robin in the Batman television series.[26]

Jack Nicholson, Steve McQueen, Anthony Perkins, Warren Beatty, George Peppard, George Hamilton, Keir Dullea, Brandon deWilde and Michael Parks were also considered for the role of Benjamin Braddock.[20][15][27]

Ronald Reagan was considered for the part of Benjamin's father Mr. Braddock, which eventually went to William Daniels.[28] Nichols cast Gene Hackman as Mr. Robinson, but was later fired after a few days of rehearsals; he was replaced by Murray Hamilton.[29]

Despite playing mother and daughter, Anne Bancroft and Katharine Ross were only eight years apart in age. Bancroft and Hoffman differed less than six.

Filming

The quality of the cinematography was influenced by Nichols, who chose Oscar winner Robert Surtees to do the photography. Surtees, who had photographed major films since the 1920s, including Ben-Hur, said later, "It took everything I had learned over 30 years to be able to do the job. I knew that Mike Nichols was a young director who went in for a lot of camera. We did more things in this picture than I ever did in one film."[15]

Many of the exterior university campus shots of Berkeley were actually filmed on the brick campus of USC in Los Angeles.[30]

The church used for the wedding scene is actually the United Methodist Church in La Verne. In a commentary audio released with the 40th anniversary DVD, Hoffman revealed he was uneasy about the scene in which he pounds on the church window, as the minister of the church had been watching the filming disapprovingly. The wedding scene was highly influenced by the ending of the 1924 comedy film Girl Shy starring Harold Lloyd, who also served as an advisor for the scene in The Graduate.[31][32]

Music

The film boosted the profile of folk-rock duo Simon & Garfunkel. Originally, Nichols and O'Steen used their existing songs like "The Sound of Silence" merely as a pacing device for the editing, until Nichols decided that substituting original music would not be effective, and decided to include them on the soundtrack, an unusual move at that time.[33]

According to a Variety article by Peter Bart in the May 15, 2005, issue, Lawrence Turman, his producer, then made a deal for Simon to write three new songs for the movie. By the time they had nearly finished editing the film, Simon had written only one new song. Nichols begged him for more, but Simon, who was touring constantly, told him he did not have the time. He did play a few notes of a new song he had been working on: "It's not for the movie... It's a song about times past — about Mrs. Roosevelt and Joe DiMaggio and stuff." Nichols advised Simon, "It's now about Mrs. Robinson, not Mrs. Roosevelt."[34]

Release

The Graduate had a dual world premiere in New York City December 20, 1967, at the Coronet Theatre, and at the Lincoln Art Theatre on 57th Street.[3] It was released to the public December 21, 1967.[3]

Home media

The Graduate was released on Blu-ray by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.[35] It was released on DVD by MGM Home Entertainment.[36] In 2016, the film was released by The Criterion Collection with a new 4K digital restoration.[37]

Reception and legacy

Critical response

The Graduate was met with generally positive reviews from critics upon its release. A.D. Murphy of Variety and Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praised the film, with Murphy describing it as a "delightful satirical comedy drama",[38] and Ebert claiming it was the "funniest American comedy of the year".[39]

However, Life critic Richard Schickel felt the film "starts out to satirize the alienated spirit of modern youth, does so with uncommon brilliance for its first half, but ends up selling out to the very spirit its creators intended to make fun of... It's a shame – they were halfway to something wonderful when they skidded on a patch of greasy kid stuff."

Pauline Kael wondered, "How could you convince them [younger viewers] that a movie that sells innocence is a very commercial piece of work when they're so clearly in the market to buy innocence?"[40]

Critics continue to praise the film, if not always with the same ardor. For the film's thirtieth anniversary reissue, Ebert retracted some of his previous praise for it, noting that he felt its time had passed, and that he now had more sympathy for Mrs. Robinson than for Benjamin (who he considered "an insufferable creep"), viewing one's sympathy for Mrs. Robinson and disdainful attitude toward Ben as a function of aging and wisdom.[41]

He, along with Gene Siskel, gave the film a positive, if unenthusiastic review on the television program Siskel & Ebert.[42] Furthermore, the film's rating in the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films fell from seventh in 1997 to 17th in the 2007 update. Lang Thompson, however, argued that "it really hasn't dated much".[43]

Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 86% based on 87 reviews, with an average rating of 8.90/10. The site's consensus reads: "The music, the performances, the precision in capturing the post-college malaise — The Graduate's coming-of-age story is indeed one for the ages."[44] On the similar website,Metacritic, the film holds a score of 83 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[45]

In The Player, Robert Altman's satire of Hollywood, Buck Henry pitches a sequel to The Graduate to producer Griffin Mill (played by Tim Robbins) during the film's opening sequence. A parody of Hollywood high concept films, Henry describes the plot as Ben and Elaine living in a haunted house in Northern California, with an invalid Mrs. Robinson living in the attic.

The climactic sequence of The Graduate in which Benjamin crashes the wedding and leaves with Elaine is frequently parodied and referenced, including in:

Hoffman later recreated a wedding scene at a church for an Audi commercial, in which he stops his daughter (played by Lake Bell) from getting married, and tells her "you're just like your mother" as they drive off, implying he is an older Benjamin who has a daughter with Elaine.

(500) Days of Summer features a scene in which the protagonist, Tom, watches The Graduate with his then girlfriend Summer. He is said to misinterpret the ending, a fact that serves to characterise his naivety concerning relationships. This moment can be considered a turning point in the film, as it reveals to her the issues with their relationship.

A sixth-season episode of the television series Roseanne includes a fantasy scene in which Jackie assumes the Bancroft role and attempts to seduce David, with the famous shot of Benjamin seen under the leg of Mrs. Robinson replicated. This scene is also parodied in The Simpsons episode, "Lisa's Substitute", when Mrs. Krabappel tries to seduce Mr. Bergstrom, who was voiced by Hoffman.

The film Kingpin parodied The Graduate, showing Woody Harrelson framed by his repulsive landlady's leg, and features an excerpt of "The Sound of Silence" after Harrelson's character has sex with his landlady to make up for back rent, and is so sickened by the act that he repeatedly vomits afterwards.

The car Benjamin drives in the movie is an Alfa Romeo Spider. Based on its iconic role, Alfa Romeo sold a version of the Spider in the United States from 1985 to 1990 under the name "Spider Graduate".[47]

The 1992 song, "Too Funky," by George Michael, features a clip of the Anne Bancroft lines, "I am not trying to seduce you... Would you like me to seduce you? Is that what you're trying to tell me?", as an intro of the song, and is repeated during the final crescendo.

The plot of the 2005 romantic comedy film Rumor Has It, directed by Rob Reiner and starring Jennifer Aniston, Kevin Costner, Shirley MacLaine and Mark Ruffalo, revolves around a story in which a woman learns that her mother and grandmother may be the inspiration for The Graduate, and the 1963 novel of the same name it was based on.

Accolades

Award Category Nominee(s) Result Ref.
Academy Awards Best Picture Lawrence Turman Nominated [48]
Best Director Mike Nichols Won
Best Actor Dustin Hoffman Nominated
Best Actress Anne Bancroft Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Katharine Ross Nominated
Best Screenplay – Based on Material from Another Medium Buck Henry and Calder Willingham Nominated
Best Cinematography Robert L. Surtees Nominated
British Academy Film Awards Best Film Mike Nichols Won [49]
Best Direction Won
Best Actress in a Leading Role Anne Bancroft Nominated
Best Screenplay Buck Henry and Calder Willingham Won
Best Editing Sam O'Steen Won
Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles Dustin Hoffman Won
Katharine Ross Nominated
Directors Guild of America Awards Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures Mike Nichols Won [50]
Golden Globe Awards Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Won [51]
Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Dustin Hoffman Nominated
Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Anne Bancroft Won
Best Director – Motion Picture Mike Nichols Won
Best Screenplay – Motion Picture Buck Henry and Calder Willingham Nominated
Most Promising Newcomer – Male Dustin Hoffman Won
Most Promising Newcomer – Female Katharine Ross Won
Grammy Awards Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special Dave Grusin and Paul Simon Won [52]
Laurel Awards Top Comedy Nominated
Top Male Comedy Performance Dustin Hoffman Nominated
Top Female Dramatic Performance Anne Bancroft Nominated
Top Female Supporting Performance Katharine Ross Won
National Board of Review Awards Top Ten Films 8th Place [53]
National Film Preservation Board National Film Registry Inducted
New York Film Critics Circle Awards Best Film Nominated [54]
Best Director Mike Nichols Won
Best Screenplay Buck Henry and Calder Willingham Nominated
Online Film & Television Association Awards Hall of Fame – Motion Picture Honored [55]
Producers Guild of America Awards PGA Hall of Fame – Motion Pictures Lawrence Turman – The Graduate Won [56]
Satellite Awards Best Classic DVD The Graduate: 40th Anniversary Edition Won [57]
Best DVD Extras Nominated
Writers Guild of America Awards Best Written American Comedy Buck Henry and Calder Willingham Won [58]

In 1996, The Graduate was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant", and placed #22 on the list of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada, adjusted for inflation.[9][12]

Years later in interviews, Bancroft stated that Mrs. Robinson was the role with which she was most identified, and added, "Men still come up to me and tell me, 'You were my first sexual fantasy.'"

The film is listed in 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die.[59]

The film appears on the following American Film Institute lists:

Stage adaptation

Terry Johnson's adaptation of the original novel and the film ran on both London's West End and Broadway, and has toured the United States. There is a Brazilian version adapted by Miguel Falabella. Several actresses have starred as Mrs. Robinson, including Kathleen Turner, Lorraine Bracco, Jerry Hall, Amanda Donohoe, Morgan Fairchild, Anne Archer, Vera Fischer, Patricia Richardson and Linda Gray.

The stage production adds several scenes not in the novel nor the film, as well as using material from both film and novel.[66]

The soundtrack uses songs by Simon & Garfunkel also not used in the film, such as "Bridge Over Troubled Water", as well as music from other popular musicians from the era, such as The Byrds and The Beach Boys.[67] The West End production opened at the Gielgud Theatre on April 5, 2000, after previews from March 24, with Kathleen Turner starring as Mrs. Robinson.[68][69] Jerry Hall replaced Turner from July 31, 2000, followed by Amanda Donohoe from February 2001, Anne Archer from June 2001, and Linda Gray from October 2001.[70][71] The production closed in January 2002. The 2003 U.K. touring production starred Glynis Barber as Mrs. Robinson.[72]

The Broadway production opened at the Plymouth Theatre April 4, 2002, and closed March 2, 2003, after 380 performances. Directed by Terry Johnson, the play featured the cast of Jason Biggs as Benjamin Braddock, Alicia Silverstone as Elaine Robinson, and Kathleen Turner as Mrs. Robinson. The play received no award nominations.[73] Linda Gray briefly filled in for Turner in September 2002. Lorraine Bracco replaced Turner from November 19, 2002.[74]

The Graduate ran at the Cape Playhouse (Dennis, Massachusetts) in July 2011, and starred Patricia Richardson.[75]

Possible sequel

Charles Webb wrote a sequel to his original novel, titled Home School, but initially refused to publish it in its entirety because of a contract he signed in the 1960s. When he sold the film rights to The Graduate, he surrendered the rights to any sequels. If he were to publish Home School, the French media company that owns the rights to The Graduate, Canal+, would be able to adapt it for the screen without his permission.[76] Extracts of Home School were printed in The Times on May 2, 2006.[77] Webb told the newspaper there was a possibility he would find a publisher for the full text, provided he could retrieve the film rights using French copyright law.[78] On May 30, 2006, The Times reported Webb had signed a publishing deal for Home School with Random House, which he hoped would enable him to instruct French lawyers to attempt to retrieve his rights. The novel was published in Britain in 2007.[79]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "The Graduate". United Artists. British Board of Film Classification. July 1, 1970. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved September 20, 2013.
  2. ↑ "The Graduate (16mm)". Australian Classification Board. August 30, 2019. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 The Graduate at the American Film Institute Catalog
  4. ↑ "The Graduate, Box Office Information". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved March 8, 2012.
  5. ↑ Denisoff, R. Serge; Romanowski, William D. (1991). Risky Business: Rock in Film. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9780887388439.
    • The Graduate: p. 167 Archived June 5, 2019, at the Wayback Machine. "World net rental was estimated at more than $85 million by January 1971."
  6. ↑ The 20 Most Timeless Indie Movies - MovieWeb
  7. ↑ Kaplan (December 20, 1967). Variety's Film Reviews. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-8240-5210-2.
  8. ↑ Crowther, Bosley (December 31, 1967). "Graduating With Honors; 'The Graduate'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 8, 2019. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  9. 1 2 "Domestic Grosses, Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on February 25, 2020. Retrieved March 8, 2012.
  10. ↑ Mike Nichols winning the Oscar® for Directing - Oscars on YouTube
  11. ↑ Stern, Christopher (December 3, 1996). "National Film Registry taps 25 more pix". Variety. Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
  12. 1 2 "Complete National Film Registry Listing". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on May 7, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  13. ↑ "50 years later, 'The Graduate' cast reveals behind-the-scenes secrets". April 20, 2017.
  14. 1 2 "Nichols' $1-Mil. To Direct His Next". Variety. April 17, 1968. p. 1.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kashner, Sam (March 2008). "Here's to You, Mr. Nichols: The Making of The Graduate". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on November 21, 2014. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
  16. ↑ Audio commentary by Mike Nichols and Steven Soderbergh in Criterion Collection BD and DVD.
  17. ↑ McGee, Garry (November 22, 2011). Doris Day: Sentimental Journey. McFarland. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-7864-6107-3. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  18. ↑ "Doris Day was a conservative icon amid a turbulent counterculture. But her life belied her persona". May 13, 2019.
  19. ↑ Harmetz, Aljean (May 13, 2019). "Doris Day, Movie Star Who Charmed America, Dies at 97". The New York Times.
  20. 1 2 3 Evans, Bradford, "The Lost Roles of 'The Graduate'," Vulture, Dec. 20, 2012. https://www.vulture.com/2012/12/the-lost-roles-of-the-graduate.html Archived November 24, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
  21. ↑ Desowitz, Bill (April 25, 2018). "'The Producers' Turns 50: Mel Brooks Explains Why His Subversive Comedy Is Still Relevant". Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  22. ↑ Zeitlin, David (November 24, 1967). "The Graduate". Life. p. 111. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  23. ↑ Ahearn, Victoria (March 25, 2015). "Dustin Hoffman says he understands the worries of young singers in 'Boychoir'". 680 NEWS. Archived from the original on December 13, 2018. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  24. ↑ Sullivan, Dan (December 30, 1967). "New-Found Stardom Worries Dustin Hoffman". The New York Times. p. 15.
  25. ↑ Duke, Brad (July 2008). Harrison Ford: The Films. McFarland. ISBN 9780786440481. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
  26. ↑ Huver, Scott (January 9, 2020). "Holy Hollywood Star, Batman: Burt Ward Talks Road to Walk of Fame Honor". Variety. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
  27. ↑ Jones, Ellen E. (June 15, 2017). "Here's to you, MRS Robinson: Why the Graduate unites warring generations 50 years on". The Guardian.
  28. ↑ "30 Years Haven't Dulled the Brilliance of 'The Graduate'". Chicago Tribune. March 28, 1997.
  29. ↑ https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2004/03/gene-hackman-dustin-hoffman-hollywood
  30. ↑ Moore, Annette (Spring 2006). "USC's Lists & Urban Legends: Just a Few of the Feature Films Shot on the University Park Campus". USC Trojan Family Magazine. Archived from the original on May 27, 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  31. ↑ "Silent Salon 2015 // Girl Shy". brownpapertickets.com. Archived from the original on May 29, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  32. ↑ "Girl Shy". doctormacro.com. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  33. ↑ Harris, Mark (February 14, 2008). Pictures at a Revolution. The Penguin Press. pp. 360–1. ISBN 978-1-5942-0152-3.
  34. ↑ Bart, Peter (May 15, 2005). "The perfect pic alignment". Variety. Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
  35. ↑ Nichols, Mike. The Graduate (Blu-ray). Los Angeles.
  36. ↑ Nichols, Mike. The Graduate (DVD). Los Angeles.
  37. ↑ "The Graduate (1967)". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved June 18, 2023.
  38. ↑ Murphy, A.D. (December 18, 1967). "Film Reviews—The Graduate". Variety. Archived from the original on March 27, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  39. ↑ Ebert, Roger (December 26, 1967). "The Graduate". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved April 13, 2011.
  40. ↑ Gray, Beverly, Seduced by Mrs. Robinson, Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2017, pg. 166-167
  41. ↑ Ebert, Roger (March 28, 1997). "The Graduate". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved April 13, 2011.
  42. ↑ "LiarLiar / Crash / Selena / The Graduate (1997)". Siskel & Ebert at the Movies. Season 11. Episode 28. Siskel&Ebert.org. March 22, 1997. 3:40 minutes in. Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. TV.com: Siskel & Ebert at the Movies Season 11 Episode 28. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  43. ↑ Thompson, Lang. "The Graduate". Turner Classic Movies, Inc. Archived from the original on February 16, 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
  44. ↑ "The Graduate". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. April 16, 2019. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  45. ↑ "The Graduate". Metacritic. Fandom, Inc. Archived from the original on October 5, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
  46. ↑ "Renault Clio advert with Vic and Bob - YouTube". YouTube. Archived from the original on June 6, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
  47. ↑ "1986 Spider Graduate". conceptcarz.com. Archived from the original on August 17, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  48. ↑ "The 40th Academy Awards (1968) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Archived from the original on November 3, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2011.
  49. ↑ "BAFTA Awards: Film in 1969". BAFTA. 1969. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  50. ↑ "20th DGA Awards". Directors Guild of America Awards. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  51. ↑ "The Graduate – Golden Globes". HFPA. Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  52. ↑ "1968 Grammy Award Winners". Grammy.com. Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
  53. ↑ "1967 Award Winners". National Board of Review. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  54. ↑ "1967 New York Film Critics Circle Awards". New York Film Critics Circle. Archived from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  55. ↑ "Film Hall of Fame Inductees: Productions". Online Film & Television Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
  56. ↑ "PGA Award Winners 1990–2010 – Producers Guild of America". Producers Guild of America. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  57. ↑ Maxwell, Erin (December 17, 2007). "Satellite Award winners announced". Variety. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  58. ↑ "Awards Winners". wga.org. Writers Guild of America. Archived from the original on December 5, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
  59. ↑ Schneider, Steven Jay, ed. (September 2003). 1001 Movies You Muse See Before You Die. London: Quintessence Editions Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7641-6151-3. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014.
  60. ↑ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies" (PDF). American Film Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  61. ↑ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs" (PDF). American Film Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  62. ↑ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions" (PDF). American Film Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  63. ↑ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs" (PDF). American Film Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 13, 2011. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  64. 1 2 "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes" (PDF). American Film Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 13, 2011. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  65. ↑ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)" (PDF). American Film Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 6, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  66. ↑ Murray, Matthew (April 4, 2002). "The Graduate". Talkin'Broadway. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  67. ↑ Siegel, Barbara; Siegel, Scott (April 5, 2002). "The Graduate". TheaterMania. Archived from the original on December 13, 2018. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
  68. ↑ Shenton, Mark (December 20, 1999). "Kathleen Turner to Graduate to West End as Mrs. Robinson". Playbill. Archived from the original on December 13, 2018. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  69. ↑ Wolf, Matt (April 10, 2000). "The Graduate – Turner's Mrs. Robinson Turns Heads in London's West End". Variety. Archived from the original on December 13, 2018. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  70. ↑ " The Graduate's London term ends" Archived April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, bbc.co.uk, 18 January 2002
  71. ↑ Davies, Hugh. "Curtain rises on the new Mrs Robinson" Archived December 13, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, telegraph.co.uk, 12 Jun 2001.
  72. ↑ "Glynis keeps her kit on and pulls it off". the Telegraph. September 5, 2003. Archived from the original on December 13, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  73. ↑ " The Graduate on Broadway" Archived May 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, ibdb.com, accessed May 12, 2015
  74. ↑ Gans, Andrew; Simonson, Robert (December 15, 2002). "Lorraine Bracco Officially Opens in Broadway Graduate Dec. 15". Playbill. Archived from the original on December 13, 2018. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  75. ↑ Hetrick, Adam (June 3, 2011). "Cape Playhouse Casts Patricia Richardson, Joel Higgins, Dee Hoty, Josh Grisetti and Bradley Dean for Summer". Playbill. Archived from the original on December 13, 2018. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  76. ↑ Smith, David (March 25, 2005). "What happened next? (the author will let you know after he dies)". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 13, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2007.
  77. ↑ Webb, Charles (May 2, 2006). "Mrs Robinson Returns". The Times. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
  78. ↑ Malvern, Jack (April 18, 2006). "The Graduate's not-so-happy sequel". The Times. Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  79. ↑ Malvern, Jack (May 30, 2006). "At last, Mrs Robinson is getting her groove back". The Times. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. Retrieved November 15, 2021.

Bibliography

Further reading

Wikiquote has quotations related to The Graduate.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Graduate.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.