Tyriaeum or Tyriaion, also spelled Tyraion, was a Roman and Byzantine era civitas in the Roman Province of Pisidia,[1] located ten parasangs from Iconium[2] It was mentioned by Xenophon, and Pliny and Strabo tell us it was between Philomelium (Akshehr) and Laodicea Combusta.[3][4] It is tentatively identified with ruins near modern Teke Kozağaçi (Turkey) on the road from Antalya to Denizli[5] or near modern Ilgın.[6]

History

Cyrus the Younger reviewed his troops for the Cilician queen[7] at Tyriaeum, Pisidia.[8] The town formed then part of the Roman Empire and later the Byzantine Empire.

During the 11th century, had a substantial Christian population and was so well fortified that even after the defeat at Mantzikert 1071 the Turks were unable to capture it.[9]

The town was taken by Suleiman the Magnificent and Tamerlane.[10] In 1308 during the Crusades there was a massacre of refugees from Ephesus in this town by Sultan Abu Zayyan I.[11]

Bishopric

The city was the seat of an ancient Bishopric. Bishop Theotececnus[12] cast a vote at the Council of Chalcedon. No longer a residential bishopric, it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.[13] Tyriaeum was long mistaken as the site of Thyatira of the Apocalypse.

References

  1. ↑ John Anthony Cramer, A Geographical and Historical Description of Asia Minor, With a Map, Volume 2 (At the University Press, 1832), p. 314.
  2. ↑ Xenophon. Anabasis. Vol. 1.2.13.
  3. ↑ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. 14. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  4. ↑ Charles Anthon, A Classical Dictionary: Containing ... Proper Names Mentioned in Ancient Authors (Harper & Bros., 1841) p 768.
  5. ↑ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 65, and directory notes accompanying.
  6. ↑ Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.
  7. ↑ Xenophon. Anabasis. Vol. 1.1.14.
  8. ↑ Travels in the Track of the Ten Thousand Greeks: being a geographical and descriptive account of the expedition of Cyrus, and of the retreat of the Ten Thousand Greeks, as related by Xenophon (J. W. Parker, 1844). page 33.
  9. ↑ Bernard Bachrach (April 2016). Jeffreys, Elizabeth; Gertwagen, Ruthy (eds.). "The Crusader March from Dorylaion to Herakleia". Shipping, Trade and Crusade in the Medieval Mediterranean Studies in Honour of John Pryor. Taylor & Francis: 243. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  10. ↑ Francis-Vyiyan-Jago Arundell, Visit to the Seven Churches of Asia, with an Excursion Into Pisidia (John Rodwell, 1828) p203.
  11. ↑ Francis-Vyiyan-Jago Arundell, Visit to the Seven Churches of Asia, with an Excursion Into Pisidia (John Rodwell, 1828) p54.
  12. ↑ Richard Price, Michael Gaddis, The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, Volume 1 (Liverpool University Press, 2005)p 84.
  13. ↑ Catholic Hierarchy

38°16′45″N 31°54′50″E / 38.2791667°N 31.9138889°E / 38.2791667; 31.9138889


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