Indian Wells Open

Indian Wells Open
Indian Wells Open
Tournament information
Founded	1974
Location	Tucson, Arizona ; (1974–75); Rancho Mirage, California (1976–80); La Quinta, California (1981–86); Indian Wells, California (1987–current)
Venue	Indian Wells Tennis Garden
Surface	Hard (Plexipave) – outdoors
Website	bnpparibasopen.com
Current champions (2023)
Men's singles	Carlos Alcaraz
Women's singles	Elena Rybakina
Men's doubles	Rohan Bopanna ; Matthew Ebden
Women's doubles	Barbora Krejčíková ; Kateřina Siniaková
Category
ATP Tour
Category	ATP Tour Masters 1000 ; (since 1990) ; Grand Prix tennis circuit ; (1977–89)
Draw	96S / 48Q / 32D
Prize money	US$8,800,000 (2023)
Category
WTA Tour
Category	WTA 1000 ; (since 2021) ; WTA Premier Mandatory ; (2009–19) ; WTA Tier I ; (1996–2008) ; WTA Tier II ; (1990–95) ; WTA Tier III ; (1989)
Draw	96S / 48Q / 32D
Prize money	US$ 8,800,000 (2023)

The Indian Wells Open (also known as the Indian Wells Masters and as the BNP Paribas Open for sponsorship reasons) is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Indian Wells, California, United States. It is played on outdoor hardcourts at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden, and is held in March. The tournament is part of the ATP Masters 1000 events on the ATP Tour and part of the WTA 1000 events on the WTA Tour.

The tournament is the best-attended tennis tournament outside the four Grand Slam tournaments (475,372 in total attendance during the 2019 event);^[1] it is often called the "fifth Grand Slam" in reference to this.^[2] The Indian Wells Tennis Garden has the second-largest permanent tennis stadium in the world, behind the US Open's Arthur Ashe Stadium in New York. The Indian Wells Open is the premier tennis tournament in the Western United States and the second largest tennis tournament throughout the United States and the Americas (behind the US Open in the Eastern United States).

Preceding the Miami Open, it is the first event of the "Sunshine Double" — a series of two elite, consecutive hard court tournaments in the United States in early spring.

Between 1974 and 1976, it was a non-tour event and between 1977 and 1989 it was held as part of the Grand Prix Tennis Tour. Both singles main draws include 96 players in a 128-player grid, with the 32 seeded players getting a bye (a free pass) to the second round.

Location

Indian Wells lies in the Coachella Valley (Palm Springs area), about 125 miles (201 km) east of downtown Los Angeles.^[3]

The tournament is played in the Indian Wells Tennis Garden (built in 2000) which has 29 tennis courts, including the 16,100-seat main stadium, which is the second largest tennis-specific stadium in the world.^[4] After the 2013 BNP Paribas Open, the Indian Wells Tennis Garden started an expansion and upgrade of its facilities that includes a new 8,000 seat Stadium 2.^[5] The revamping of the tennis center also included a "Pro Purple" interior court color created specifically for the ATP Masters Series and first used at Indian Wells, citing the purple color being 180 degrees and exactly opposite the yellow of the ball.^[6]

Indian Wells Tennis Garden in 2005

History

The tournament was founded by former tennis pros Charlie Pasarell and Raymond Moore. It has been known by a number of names throughout its existence. The French multinational banking group BNP Paribas has held the naming rights since 2009.^[7]

The men's tournament was previously called

The American Airlines Tennis Games (1974–1978),
The Congoleum Classic (1979–1980, 1982–1984),
The Grand Marnier/ATP Tennis Games (1981),
The Pilot Pen Classic (1985–1987),
The Newsweek Champions Cup (1988–1999),
The Tennis Masters Series Indian Wells (2000–2001), and
The Pacific Life Open (2002–2008).

The women's tournament was previously called

The Virginia Slims of Indian Wells (1989–1990),
The Virginia Slims of Palm Springs (1991),
The Matrix Essentials Evert Cup (1992–1993),
The Evert Cup (1994, 1999),
The State Farm Evert Cup (1995–1998) in honor of Chris Evert,
The Tennis Masters Series (2000–2001), and
The Pacific Life Open (2002–2008).

Originally the women's tournament was held a week before the men's event. In 1996, the championship became one of the few fully combined events on both the Association of Tennis Professionals and Women's Tennis Association tours.

The BNP Paribas Open has become one of the largest events on both the men's and women's tours. In 2004, the tournament expanded to a multi-week 96-player field. Winning the BNP Paribas Open and the Miami Open back to back has been colloquially termed the Sunshine Double. Dubbed the "Grand Slam of the West",^[8]^[9] it is the most-attended tennis tournament in the world other than the four Majors, with over 450,000 visitors during the 2015 event.^[10]

In 2009, the tournament and the Indian Wells Tennis Garden were sold to Larry Ellison.^[11]^[12]

On March 8, 2020, the tournament was postponed, and later canceled, to halt the potential spread of COVID-19.^[13]

Williams sisters controversy

Venus and Serena Williams refused to play the Indian Wells tournament from 2001 to 2014 despite threats of financial sanctions and ranking point penalties. The two were scheduled to play in the 2001 semifinal but Venus withdrew due to an injury. Amid speculation of match fixing, the crowd for the final loudly booed Serena when she came out to play the final and continued to boo her intermittently through the entire match, even to the point of cheering unforced errors and double faults.^[14] Williams won the tournament and was subsequently booed during the awards ceremony. The following month at the Ericsson Open, Richard Williams, Serena and Venus's father, claimed racial slurs were directed at him while in the stands, although there is no definitive evidence of this.^[15]

After a phone call from Larry Ellison (the multi-billionaire founder of Oracle, tennis enthusiast and most recent owner of the tournament), Serena Williams returned to Indian Wells in 2015, ending her 14-year boycott of the event.^[16]^[17]^[18] Venus Williams ended her boycott by competing in Indian Wells in 2016.^[19]

Past finals

Men's singles

Year	Champion	Runner-up	Score
1974	John Newcombe	Arthur Ashe	6–3, 7–6
1975	John Alexander	Ilie Năstase	7–5, 6–2
1976	Jimmy Connors	Roscoe Tanner	6–4, 6–4
↓ Grand Prix circuit ↓
1977	Brian Gottfried	Guillermo Vilas	2–6, 6–1, 6–3
1978	Roscoe Tanner	Raúl Ramírez	6–1, 7–6^(7–5)
1979	Roscoe Tanner (2)	Brian Gottfried	6–4, 6–2
1980	Final not held due to rain (tournament cancelled at the semifinal stage)
1981	Jimmy Connors (2)	Ivan Lendl	6–3, 7–6^(7–5)
1982	Yannick Noah	Ivan Lendl	3–6, 6–2, 7–5 ^[20]
1983	José Higueras	Eliot Teltscher	6–4, 6–2
1984	Jimmy Connors (3)	Yannick Noah	6–2, 6–7^(7–9), 6–3
1985	Larry Stefanki	David Pate	6–1, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3
1986	Joakim Nyström	Yannick Noah	6–1, 6–3, 6–2
1987	Boris Becker	Stefan Edberg	6–4, 6–4, 7–5
1988	Boris Becker (2)	Emilio Sánchez	7–5, 6–4, 2–6, 6–4
1989	Miloslav Mečíř	Yannick Noah	3–6, 2–6, 6–1, 6–2, 6–3
↓ ATP Tour Masters 1000^{[lower-alpha 1]} ↓
1990	Stefan Edberg	Andre Agassi	6–4, 5–7, 7–6^(7–1), 7–6^(8–6)
1991	Jim Courier	Guy Forget	4–6, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3, 7–6^(7–4)
1992	Michael Chang	Andrei Chesnokov	6–3, 6–4, 7–5
1993	Jim Courier (2)	Wayne Ferreira	6–3, 6–3, 6–1
1994	Pete Sampras	Petr Korda	4–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2
1995	Pete Sampras (2)	Andre Agassi	7–5, 6–3, 7–5
1996	Michael Chang (2)	Paul Haarhuis	7–5, 6–1, 6–1
1997	Michael Chang (3)	Bohdan Ulihrach	4–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–3
1998	Marcelo Ríos	Greg Rusedski	6–3, 6–7^(15–17), 7–6^(7–4), 6–4
1999	Mark Philippoussis	Carlos Moyá	5–7, 6–4, 6–4, 4–6, 6–2
2000	Àlex Corretja	Thomas Enqvist	6–4, 6–4, 6–3
2001	Andre Agassi	Pete Sampras	7–6^(7–5), 7–5, 6–1
2002	Lleyton Hewitt	Tim Henman	6–1, 6–2
2003	Lleyton Hewitt (2)	Gustavo Kuerten	6–1, 6–1
2004	Roger Federer	Tim Henman	6–3, 6–3
2005	Roger Federer (2)	Lleyton Hewitt	6–2, 6–4, 6–4
2006	Roger Federer (3)	James Blake	7–5, 6–3, 6–0
2007	Rafael Nadal	Novak Djokovic	6–2, 7–5
2008	Novak Djokovic	Mardy Fish	6–2, 5–7, 6–3
2009	Rafael Nadal (2)	Andy Murray	6–1, 6–2
2010	Ivan Ljubičić	Andy Roddick	7–6^(7–3), 7–6^(7–5)
2011	Novak Djokovic (2)	Rafael Nadal	4–6, 6–3, 6–2
2012	Roger Federer (4)	John Isner	7–6^(9–7), 6–3
2013	Rafael Nadal (3)	Juan Martín del Potro	4–6, 6–3, 6–4
2014	Novak Djokovic (3)	Roger Federer	3–6, 6–3, 7–6^(7–3)
2015	Novak Djokovic (4)	Roger Federer	6–3, 6–7^(5–7), 6–2
2016	Novak Djokovic (5)	Milos Raonic	6–2, 6–0
2017	Roger Federer (5)	Stan Wawrinka	6–4, 7–5
2018	Juan Martín del Potro	Roger Federer	6–4, 6–7^(8–10), 7–6^(7–2)
2019	Dominic Thiem	Roger Federer	3–6, 6–3, 7–5
2020	Not held (due to COVID-19 pandemic)^[21]^[22]
2021	Cameron Norrie	Nikoloz Basilashvili	3–6, 6–4, 6–1
2022	Taylor Fritz	Rafael Nadal	6–3, 7–6^(7–5)
2023	Carlos Alcaraz	^{[lower-alpha 2]} Daniil Medvedev	6–3, 6–2

Women's singles

Year	Champion	Runner-up	Score
1989	Manuela Maleeva	Jenny Byrne	6–4, 6–1
1990	Martina Navratilova	Helena Suková	6–2, 5–7, 6–1
1991	Martina Navratilova (2)	Monica Seles	6–2, 7–6^(8–6)
1992	Monica Seles	Conchita Martínez	6–3, 6–1
1993	Mary Joe Fernández	Amanda Coetzer	3–6, 6–1, 7–6^(8–6)
1994	Steffi Graf	Amanda Coetzer	6–0, 6–4
1995	Mary Joe Fernández (2)	Natasha Zvereva	6–4, 6–3
1996	Steffi Graf (2)	Conchita Martínez	7–6^(7–5), 7–6^(7–5)
1997	Lindsay Davenport	Irina Spîrlea	6–2, 6–1
1998	Martina Hingis	Lindsay Davenport	6–3, 6–4
1999	Serena Williams	Steffi Graf	6–3, 3–6, 7–5
2000	Lindsay Davenport (2)	Martina Hingis	4–6, 6–4, 6–0
2001	Serena Williams (2)	Kim Clijsters	4–6, 6–4, 6–2
2002	Daniela Hantuchová	Martina Hingis	6–3, 6–4
2003	Kim Clijsters	Lindsay Davenport	6–4, 7–5
2004	Justine Henin	Lindsay Davenport	6–1, 6–4
2005	Kim Clijsters (2)	Lindsay Davenport	6–4, 4–6, 6–2
2006	Maria Sharapova	Elena Dementieva	6–1, 6–2
2007	Daniela Hantuchová (2)	Svetlana Kuznetsova	6–3, 6–4
2008	Ana Ivanovic	Svetlana Kuznetsova	6–4, 6–3
2009	Vera Zvonareva	Ana Ivanovic	7–6^(7–5), 6–2
2010	Jelena Janković	Caroline Wozniacki	6–2, 6–4
2011	Caroline Wozniacki	Marion Bartoli	6–1, 2–6, 6–3
2012	Victoria Azarenka	Maria Sharapova	6–2, 6–3
2013	Maria Sharapova (2)	Caroline Wozniacki	6–2, 6–2
2014	Flavia Pennetta	Agnieszka Radwańska	6–2, 6–1
2015	Simona Halep	Jelena Janković	2–6, 7–5, 6–4
2016	Victoria Azarenka (2)	Serena Williams	6–4, 6–4
2017	Elena Vesnina	Svetlana Kuznetsova	6–7^(6–8), 7–5, 6–4
2018	Naomi Osaka	Daria Kasatkina	6–3, 6–2
2019	Bianca Andreescu	Angelique Kerber	6–4, 3–6, 6–4
2020	Not held (due to COVID-19 pandemic)^[21]^[22]
2021	Paula Badosa	Victoria Azarenka	7–6^(7–5), 2–6, 7–6^(7–2)
2022	Iga Świątek	Maria Sakkari	6–4, 6–1
2023	Elena Rybakina	^{[lower-alpha 2]} Aryna Sabalenka	7–6^(13–11), 6–4

Men's doubles

Year	Champions	Runners-up	Score
1974	Charlie Pasarell Sherwood Stewart	Tom Edlefsen Manuel Orantes	6–4, 6–4
1975	William Brown Raúl Ramírez	Raymond Moore Dennis Ralston	2–6, 7–6, 6–4
1976	Colin Dibley Sandy Mayer	Raymond Moore Erik van Dillen	6–4, 6–7, 7–6
↓ Grand Prix circuit ↓
1977	Bob Hewitt Frew McMillan	Marty Riessen Roscoe Tanner	7–6, 7–6
1978	Raymond Moore Roscoe Tanner	Bob Hewitt Frew McMillan	6–4, 6–4
1979	Gene Mayer Sandy Mayer (2)	Cliff Drysdale Bruce Manson	6–4, 7–6
1980	Final not held due to rain (tournament cancelled at the semifinal stage)
1981	Bruce Manson Brian Teacher	Terry Moor Eliot Teltscher	7–6, 6–2
1982	Brian Gottfried Raúl Ramírez (2)	John Lloyd Dick Stockton	6–4, 3–6, 6–2
1983	Brian Gottfried (2) Raúl Ramírez (3)	Tian Viljoen Danie Visser	6–3, 6–3
1984	Bernard Mitton Butch Walts	Scott Davis Ferdi Taygan	5–7, 6–3, 6–2
1985	Heinz Günthardt Balázs Taróczy	Ken Flach Robert Seguso	3–6, 7–6, 6–3
1986	Peter Fleming Guy Forget	Yannick Noah Sherwood Stewart	6–4, 6–3
1987	Guy Forget (2) Yannick Noah	Boris Becker Eric Jelen	6–4, 7–6
1988	Boris Becker Guy Forget (3)	Jorge Lozano Todd Witsken	6–4, 6–4
1989	Boris Becker (2) Jakob Hlasek	Kevin Curren David Pate	7–6, 7–5
↓ ATP Tour Masters 1000^{[lower-alpha 1]} ↓
1990	Boris Becker (3) Guy Forget (4)	Jim Grabb Patrick McEnroe	4–6, 6–4, 6–3
1991	Jim Courier Javier Sánchez	Guy Forget Henri Leconte	7–6, 3–6, 6–3
1992	Steve DeVries David Macpherson	Kent Kinnear Sven Salumaa	4–6, 6–3, 6–3
1993	Guy Forget (5) Henri Leconte	Luke Jensen Scott Melville	6–4, 7–5
1994	Grant Connell Patrick Galbraith	Byron Black Jonathan Stark	7–5, 6–3
1995	Tommy Ho Brett Steven	Gary Muller Piet Norval	6–4, 7–6
1996	Todd Woodbridge Mark Woodforde	Brian MacPhie Michael Tebbutt	1–6, 6–2, 6–2
1997	Mark Knowles Daniel Nestor	Mark Philippoussis Patrick Rafter	7–6, 4–6, 7–5
1998	Jonas Björkman Patrick Rafter	Todd Martin Richey Reneberg	6–4, 7–6
1999	Wayne Black Sandon Stolle	Ellis Ferreira Rick Leach	7–6^(7–4), 6–3
2000	Alex O'Brien Jared Palmer	Paul Haarhuis Sandon Stolle	6–4, 7–6^(7–5)
2001	Wayne Ferreira Yevgeny Kafelnikov	Jonas Björkman Todd Woodbridge	6–2, 7–5
2002	Mark Knowles (2) Daniel Nestor (2)	Roger Federer Max Mirnyi	6–4, 6–4
2003	Wayne Ferreira (2) Yevgeny Kafelnikov (2)	Bob Bryan Mike Bryan	3–6, 7–5, 6–4
2004	Arnaud Clément Sébastien Grosjean	Wayne Black Kevin Ullyett	6–3, 4–6, 7–5
2005	Mark Knowles (3) Daniel Nestor (3)	Wayne Arthurs Paul Hanley	7–6^(8–6), 7–6^(7–2)
2006	Mark Knowles (4) Daniel Nestor (4)	Bob Bryan Mike Bryan	6–4, 6–4
2007	Martin Damm Leander Paes	Jonathan Erlich Andy Ram	6–4, 6–4
2008	Jonathan Erlich Andy Ram	Daniel Nestor Nenad Zimonjić	6–4, 6–4
2009	Mardy Fish Andy Roddick	Max Mirnyi Andy Ram	3–6, 6–1, [14–12]
2010	Marc López Rafael Nadal	Daniel Nestor Nenad Zimonjić	7–6^(10–8), 6–3
2011	Alexandr Dolgopolov Xavier Malisse	Roger Federer Stanislas Wawrinka	6–4, 6–7^(5–7), [10–7]
2012	Marc López (2) Rafael Nadal (2)	John Isner Sam Querrey	6–2, 7–6^(7–3)
2013	Bob Bryan Mike Bryan	Treat Conrad Huey Jerzy Janowicz	6–3, 3–6, [10–6]
2014	Bob Bryan (2) Mike Bryan (2)	Alexander Peya Bruno Soares	6–4, 6–3
2015	Vasek Pospisil Jack Sock	Simone Bolelli Fabio Fognini	6–4, 6–7^(3–7), [10–7]
2016	Pierre-Hugues Herbert Nicolas Mahut	Vasek Pospisil Jack Sock	6–3, 7–6^(7–5)
2017	Raven Klaasen Rajeev Ram	Łukasz Kubot Marcelo Melo	6–7^(1–7), 6–4, [10–8]
2018	John Isner Jack Sock (2)	Bob Bryan Mike Bryan	7–6^(7–4), 7–6^(7–2)
2019	Nikola Mektić Horacio Zeballos	Łukasz Kubot Marcelo Melo	4–6, 6–4, [10–3]
2020	Not held (due to COVID-19 pandemic)^[21]^[22]
2021	John Peers Filip Polášek	Aslan Karatsev Andrey Rublev	6–3, 7–6^(7–5)
2022	John Isner (2) Jack Sock (3)	Santiago González Édouard Roger-Vasselin	7–6^(7–4), 6–3
2023	Rohan Bopanna Matthew Ebden	Wesley Koolhof Neal Skupski	6–3, 2–6, [10–8]

Women's doubles

Year	Champions	Runners-up	Score
1989	Hana Mandlíková Pam Shriver	Rosalyn Fairbank Gretchen Rush-Magers	6–3, 6–7^(4–7), 6–3
1990	Jana Novotná Helena Suková	Gigi Fernández Martina Navratilova	6–2, 7–6^(8–6)
1991	Final not held due to rain
1992	Claudia Kohde-Kilsch Stephanie Rehe	Jill Hetherington Kathy Rinaldi	6–3, 6–3
1993	Rennae Stubbs Helena Suková (2)	Ann Grossman Patricia Hy	6–3, 6–4
1994	Lindsay Davenport Lisa Raymond	Manon Bollegraf Helena Suková	6–2, 6–4
1995	Lindsay Davenport (2) Lisa Raymond (2)	Larisa Savchenko Neiland Arantxa Sánchez	2–6, 6–4, 6–3
1996	Chanda Rubin Brenda Schultz-McCarthy	Julie Halard Nathalie Tauziat	6–1, 6–4
1997	Lindsay Davenport (3) Natasha Zvereva	Lisa Raymond Nathalie Tauziat	6–3, 6–2
1998	Lindsay Davenport (4) Natasha Zvereva (2)	Alexandra Fusai Nathalie Tauziat	6–4, 2–6, 6–4
1999	Martina Hingis Anna Kournikova	Mary Joe Fernández Jana Novotná	6–2, 6–2
2000	Lindsay Davenport (5) Corina Morariu	Anna Kournikova Natasha Zvereva	6–2, 6–3
2001	Nicole Arendt Ai Sugiyama	Virginia Ruano Paola Suárez	6–4, 6–4
2002	Lisa Raymond (3) Rennae Stubbs (2)	Elena Dementieva Janette Husárová	7–5, 6–0
2003	Lindsay Davenport (6) Lisa Raymond (4)	Kim Clijsters Ai Sugiyama	3–6, 6–4, 6–1
2004	Virginia Ruano Pascual Paola Suárez	Svetlana Kuznetsova Elena Likhovtseva	6–1, 6–2
2005	Virginia Ruano Pascual (2) Paola Suárez (2)	Nadia Petrova Meghann Shaughnessy	7–6^(7–3), 6–1
2006	Lisa Raymond (5) Samantha Stosur	Virginia Ruano Meghann Shaughnessy	6–2, 7–5
2007	Lisa Raymond (6) Samantha Stosur (2)	Chan Yung-jan Chuang Chia-jung	6–3, 7–5
2008	Dinara Safina Elena Vesnina	Yan Zi Zheng Jie	6–1, 1–6, [10–8]
2009	Victoria Azarenka Vera Zvonareva	Gisela Dulko Shahar Pe'er	6–4, 3–6, [10–5]
2010	Květa Peschke Katarina Srebotnik	Nadia Petrova Samantha Stosur	6–4, 2–6, [10–5]
2011	Sania Mirza Elena Vesnina (2)	Bethanie Mattek-Sands Meghann Shaughnessy	6–0, 7–5
2012	Liezel Huber Lisa Raymond (7)	Sania Mirza Elena Vesnina	6–2, 6–3
2013	Ekaterina Makarova Elena Vesnina (3)	Nadia Petrova Katarina Srebotnik	6–0, 5–7, [10–6]
2014	Hsieh Su-wei Peng Shuai	Cara Black Sania Mirza	7–6^(7–5), 6–2
2015	Martina Hingis (2) Sania Mirza (2)	Ekaterina Makarova Elena Vesnina	6–3, 6–4
2016	Bethanie Mattek-Sands CoCo Vandeweghe	Julia Görges Karolína Plíšková	4–6, 6–4, [10–6]
2017	Chan Yung-jan Martina Hingis (3)	Lucie Hradecká Kateřina Siniaková	7–6^(7–4), 6–2
2018	Hsieh Su-wei (2) Barbora Strýcová	Ekaterina Makarova Elena Vesnina	6–4, 6–4
2019	Elise Mertens Aryna Sabalenka	Barbora Krejčíková Kateřina Siniaková	6–3, 6–2
2020	Not held (due to COVID-19 pandemic)^[21]^[22]
2021	Hsieh Su-wei (3) Elise Mertens (2)	Veronika Kudermetova Elena Rybakina	7–6^(7–1), 6–3
2022	Xu Yifan Yang Zhaoxuan	Asia Muhammad Ena Shibahara	7–5, 7–6^(7–4)
2023	Barbora Krejčíková Kateřina Siniaková	Beatriz Haddad Maia Laura Siegemund	6–1, 6–7^(3–7), [10–7]