WKBS-TV
CityBurlington, New Jersey
Channels
Programming
AffiliationsIndependent
Ownership
Owner
History
First air date
September 1, 1965 (1965-09-01)
Last air date
August 30, 1983 (1983-08-30)
(17 years, 363 days)
Call sign meaning
"Kaiser Broadcasting System"[1]
Technical information
Facility ID21425
ERP2,090 kW
HAAT1,100 feet (340 m)
Transmitter coordinates40°02′37.4″N 75°14′30.6″W / 40.043722°N 75.241833°W / 40.043722; -75.241833

WKBS-TV was a television station on UHF channel 48 serving the Philadelphia area, licensed to serve Burlington, New Jersey. It operated from September 1965 to August 1983 and was one of three major independent stations serving the Delaware Valley. Though licensed to Burlington, its studios and transmitter were located within Philadelphia city limits, in South Philadelphia and the Roxborough tower farm, respectively.

WKBS-TV was constructed by Kaiser Broadcasting as the second in a chain of major-market UHF independent TV stations. It offered movies, syndicated reruns, children's and sports programs, and—at one point in its history—a 10 p.m. local newscast. From Philadelphia, a teen dance program hosted by local radio personality Hy Lit was syndicated to all of Kaiser's stations. Though a perennial money-loser for most of its first decade in operation, it improved its fortunes in the mid-1970s and spent six seasons as the television broadcaster of the Philadelphia 76ers basketball team.

Kaiser sold a minority stake in its television stations to Field Communications in 1973; Field acquired Kaiser outright in 1977. A family feud over control of the Field business empire led to the decision in 1982 to place all of the company's stations on the market. No buyer came through with a satisfactory purchase price, leading the liquidating firm to decide that it was in its shareholders' best interests to shut the station down and sell it for parts. WKBS-TV made its last broadcast on the morning of August 30, 1983; some equipment and most of its programming were purchased by one of its competitors, WPHL-TV, while other items were auctioned.

In the years that followed the closure of WKBS-TV, Philadelphia regained a third full-market independent in 1985 with the conversion of subscription-based WWSG into WGBS-TV, owned by Milton Grant. The process to award channel 48 in Burlington to a new bidder spanned the rest of the decade; Dorothy Brunson, a Black radio station owner, received a construction permit in 1989 and built WGTW-TV in 1992.

Kaiser comes to Philadelphia

On August 31, 1962,[2] Kaiser Industries, the conglomerate owned by California industrialist Henry J. Kaiser, applied to the FCC for three new UHF TV stations: channel 38 in Chicago; channel 41 in Burlington, New Jersey (to serve Philadelphia); and channel 50 in Detroit.[3] This was the second application by Kaiser Broadcasting for TV stations on the U.S. mainland: it already owned stations in Hawaii and had requested UHF channels in the Los Angeles and San Francisco areas. Richard C. Block, the president of Kaiser Broadcasting, told Broadcasting magazine that the company had "an abiding faith that there is right now a need for additional TV service ... and UHF obviously provided the opportunity". The applications called for a general-appeal program lineup, local and live talent, and local news.[4]

In granting the construction permit on July 8, 1964, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) reserved the right to change Kaiser's allotted channel and did so in May 1965, substituting channel 48 for 41.[2] The call letters WKBP (Kaiser Broadcasting/Philadelphia[5]) were originally assigned, but Kaiser changed to WKBS on December 31, 1964,[2] because it was too hard to say.[6]

WKBS made its broadcasting debut on September 1, 1965, with the children's program Dickory Doc. The station's first day on air featured Gene Kelly, head of its sports staff,[7] delivering sports news; a roller derby game; and another children's show, Captain Philadelphia.[8] That Saturday, the station debuted 48 A Go-Go, a teen dance program hosted by WIBG radio personality Hy Lit.[9] Though WKBS-TV was licensed to Burlington, New Jersey, its physical plant was entirely in Philadelphia; its studios were located at 3201 South 26th Street in South Philadelphia, and its transmitter was located on the Roxborough tower farm in Philadelphia.[10] Kaiser's new Philadelphia-area station formed part of a stampede of new independent outlets in the area in 1965. Channel 29 was the first to appear as WIBF-TV on May 16,[11] and on September 17, channel 17 returned from a three-year silence as WPHL-TV.[12] In American Research Bureau's December 1965 ratings report, after a correction that cost the company tens of thousands of dollars, WKBS and WPHL each had enough audience to show in the survey, with channel 48 leading channel 17.[13]

Drawing on the sports formula that made Kaiser's WKBD-TV successful from its launch earlier in the year,[6] taped replays of local college and high school football games formed part of WKBS's lineup,[14] and in January 1966, the station began airing live wrestling from the Hotel Philadelphia ballroom.[15] By 1966, Stu Nahan was channel 48's sports director, simultaneously serving as an announcer on Philadelphia Eagles football games.[16]

In 1966, Hy Lit began appearing on Kaiser's stations in Detroit (WKBD-TV) and Boston (WKBG-TV).[17][lower-alpha 1] In turn, WKBS-TV aired programs originating at the other Kaiser stations. Among these was The Lou Gordon Program from WKBD; in a controversial 1972 episode, Philadelphia mayor Frank Rizzo, frustrated with Gordon's line of questioning, walked out of the interview.[18] During the late 1960s, Kaiser harbored ambitions of setting up its own television network, primarily consisting of the best programs produced at its individual stations.[19] WKBS would later produce for the entire Kaiser chain a series of "Mininews" news capsules for use during children's programming.[20]

Kaiser made a $2 million annual commitment beginning in 1967 to launch local news departments in its station portfolio.[21] News came to WKBS-TV on March 18, 1968, with the launch of the Ten O'Clock News, hosted by Doug Johnson.[22] Jim Vance, later to have a lengthy career in TV news in Washington, D.C., was a reporter for WKBS-TV from 1968 to 1969.[23][24] Kaiser's commitment to news programming groupwide wavered, sometimes in the span of months. In April, a third of the station's 21-person news department was dismissed;[21] the group then began expanding programming again, encouraged by ratings success at its Cleveland and Detroit stations.[25] The newscast was relaunched with a dual-anchor format as "The Grant and Grady 10 O'Clock Report", hosted by market broadcast veteran Joe Grady and news director Carl Grant.[26][27] Ultimately, the entire news operation was closed after only two years, due to a weak economy and reluctance to embrace UHF stations.[28][29]

Field ownership

Kaiser Broadcasting sold a minority 22.5 percent stake in its holdings (excluding KBSC-TV in Los Angeles and Kaiser's radio stations) was sold to Field Communications on May 26, 1972, concurrent with Kaiser purchasing a majority 77.5 percent stake in Field's Chicago station, WFLD-TV.[30] Kaiser sold the group to Field outright in January 1977 for a combined $42.625 million (equivalent to $206 million in 2022)[31] as part of a larger disposition of Kaiser Industries's assets.[32]

During the mid-1970s, WKBS shed its perennial status as a money-loser. In 1973, general manager William Ryan told Variety that the station had lost a "helluva lot of money" in its entire existence.[33] Under the management of Robert L. Bryan, the station acquired stronger programming, including Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman and the ABC drama The Edge of Night, which local affiliate WPVI-TV did not air. It swung from a loss to a $400,000 annual profit before Bryan was removed by Kaiser management in early 1976.[34] By the late 1970s, the competition in the independent station market in Philadelphia was starting to tilt toward channel 29, by this time known as WTAF-TV, which edged ahead of WKBS and WPHL in the ratings.[35]

Channel 48 continued to mix movies, series, children's programs, and sports. In 1975, Bill "Wee Willie Webber" left WPHL-TV to host children's shows for WKBS-TV;[36] he lasted three years on the station.[37] Between 1976 and 1982, when it was outbid by WPHL, channel 48 was the broadcast home of the Philadelphia 76ers basketball team.[38] After the Sixers moved to WPHL, the station signed a deal to carry a package of 25 Big 5 college basketball games, mostly away contests, which represented the city schools' largest television exposure in years.[39] The station added a five-minute newsbreak at 10:55 p.m. to its schedule and two earlier news updates in 1981, the only such programming on Philadelphia's three UHF independents.[40]

Closure

In 1982, a bitter dispute over the operation of Field Communications between brothers Marshall Field V and Frederick W. Field resulted in the liquidation of their company, including its broadcasting interests.[41] Over the course of 1983, the Field stations were sold: WFLD-TV went to Metromedia in a record-setting transaction, United Television acquired KBHK-TV in San Francisco, WLVI (the former WKBG-TV) was acquired by Gannett, and Cox Broadcasting purchased WKBD-TV. While many larger broadcast groups were interested in the station, and channel 48 was profitable,[42] none were willing to pay Field's asking price of at least $25 to $40 million.[1] The low offers led Field to conclude that shareholders would be better served donating WKBS-TV or selling it for parts than as a going concern. The Annenberg School of Communication at the University of Pennsylvania was offered the station by Field; the idea was unanimously rejected. Dean George Gerbner later told The Philadelphia Inquirer, "We needed a money-losing television station like we needed a hole in the head" and that the university "wanted no part of a tax dodge".[43]

Facing a deadline to close down the company, Field announced on July 15, 1983, that it would shut down WKBS-TV at the end of August. The news stunned employees, who expected the station to be sold.[44] The final telecast came on the morning of August 30, after a syndicated college football game, the Kickoff Classic between Penn State and Nebraska.[45] General manager Vince Barresi delivered a final editorial—a eulogy for WKBS:[46]

Tonight completes the last day of the broadcasting operations of WKBS-TV, channel 48, Field Communications Burlington–Philadelphia. On July 15, Field Communications announced that it would cease operation of the station and that the license to operate channel 48 would be returned to the Federal Communications Commission.

Channel 48 began its broadcast operations on September 1, 1965, under the ownership of Kaiser Broadcasting. Through those eighteen years of operation, we have endeavored to best serve all interests of the Delaware Valley. The commitment of all of our station's employees has been dedicated to you, our viewers. Over the years, we have presented all types of programs to the people of the Delaware Valley. Channel 48's efforts have been recognized by many broadcast professional awards, and more importantly, by our viewers. Channel 48 as an entity, and our employees as individual citizens, have been deeply involved in our community; we have been unselfish over the years by giving literally thousands of hours of personal time to make the Delaware Valley an even better place in which to live.

We hope you enjoyed tonight's Penn State–Nebraska game. I am sure you can appreciate that this is a sad day for all of us at channel 48. However, we take great pride in knowing that we have been of service to you over the past eighteen years. Since the announced closing of our operation, we have received numerous letters and phone calls of support. For that, we are most appreciative. We, the people of WKBS will all go forward in our new careers, and I can assure you that we will always have the people of the Delaware Valley in our hearts. Thank you, good night, and God bless you all.

The message from Barresi was followed by a video set to a few instrumental lines of Auld Lang Syne and the last few lines of Simon and Garfunkel's "The Sound of Silence". The station then left the air at 12:49 a.m. Eighty-two staffers lost their jobs.[40]

Disposition

As part of the closure, the Providence Journal Company, owner of WPHL-TV, acquired $500,000 in equipment from WKBS, including four one-inch video tape machines. WPHL-TV, which had been running third among the independents as WTAF and WKBS fought for first and second, sought to bolster its programming lineup by taking over programming contracts belonging to channel 17[1] and came away with the vast majority of its programs.[47] The Big 5, which had been days away from signing a renewal of its college basketball contract with channel 48 for the 1983–84 season, wound up with just five games telecast on the New Jersey Network.[48] In January 1984, an auction was held for broadcast equipment and some 300 items of office furniture at the studio building.[49]

The Philadelphia area had gained two new television stations in the early 1980s, both of which originally broadcast subscription television programs. After WRBV-TV in Vineland, New Jersey, lost its contract to carry WHT programming in 1984, it became a conventionally programmed independent station as WSJT under the ownership of a division of the Asbury Park Press newspaper.[50] [51][52] In 1985, Philadelphia-based subscription station WWSG-TV was sold to Milton Grant and relaunched as WGBS-TV "Philly 57"; its first major sports rights acquisition was Villanova University basketball, which had gone unaired since channel 48 folded.[53] A third station briefly joined the independent station marketplace in July 1986 as WTGI went on the air from Wilmington, Delaware. It was beset with delays[54] which sapped its working capital;[55] WGBS-TV left no room for the new station in the market. WTGI switched to home shopping programming in November.[56] WSJT would join it after the Press sold the station to the Home Shopping Network in December 1986.[57]

Replacement on channel 48

The battle to replace WKBS on channel 48 in Burlington, New Jersey, proved bitter. Eleven applications were designated for hearing in September 1984;[42] at least one applicant withdrew its bid because of the arrival of WGBS-TV, which took up much of the available programming in the Philadelphia market.[58] The FCC selected the application of Dorothy Brunson, an African-American radio station owner from Baltimore, in February 1986.[59][60] Cornerstone Television, a Christian broadcaster that at one point sought channel 48, purchased channel 48's transmitter and tower, moved them to Altoona, and used them to sign on a new station in 1985 on channel 47, using the WKBS-TV call letters.[61]

Brunson signed her station on as WGTW-TV on August 13, 1992.[62] The station carried on as an independent for more than a decade before being sold to the Trinity Broadcasting Network in 2004.[63]

Notes

  1. ↑ The article, dated September 6, comes months before WKBG-TV went on the air.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Harris, Harry (July 20, 1983). "Field's Going Dark In Philly, WKBS-TV Just Can't Hack It; Returning Its License To FCC". Variety. p. 91. ProQuest 1438382991.
  2. 1 2 3 "History Cards for WKBD-TV". Federal Communications Commission.
  3. ↑ "Kaiser Broadcasting Asks For 3 U.H.F. TV Stations". The New York Times. UPI. September 6, 1962. p. 62. ProQuest 116202166.
  4. ↑ "Kaiser Wants Seven TV's". Broadcasting. September 10, 1962. p. 40. ProQuest 1014459266.
  5. ↑ May, Marvin (April 4, 1971). "WFIL Changing Name To WPVI—Here's Why". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. TV Week 31. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. 1 2 Harris, Harry (April 30, 1965). "New UHF Stations Set Target Date". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 24. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ↑ Harris, Harry (May 17, 1965). "TV Roundup: Phillies Delay 'Peyton Place'". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 18. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ↑ Harris, Harry (September 1, 1965). "2d UHF Commercial Station to Bow". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 28. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ↑ Harris, Harry (August 30, 1965). "Radio Deejays to Host Teen Dance Parties". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 19. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ↑ "New TV stations" (PDF). Broadcasting. May 10, 1965. p. 56. ProQuest 1014487732. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 8, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
  11. ↑ "WIBF-TV" (PDF). Television Factbook. 1966. p. 551-b. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved April 7, 2023.
  12. ↑ "More Local Stations Mean More Shows". The Philadelphia Inquirer. September 12, 1965. p. Magazine 18. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved April 7, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ↑ "ARB's Philly 'Oops!' UHF Does Show Up". Variety. February 23, 1966. p. 40. ProQuest 1017144020.
  14. ↑ "WKBS to Tape Penn Football Games". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. August 11, 1965. p. 22. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ↑ "TV Roundup: Channel 48 Schedules Wrestling Matches". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. December 22, 1965. p. 26. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ↑ "Stu Nahan TV Announcer for Eagles' Games". The Record-American. Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania. June 8, 1966. p. 6. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ↑ Gaghan, Jerry (September 6, 1966). "'99' Got Smart, Tries Cucumbers". Philadelphia Daily News. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 65. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ↑ Fox, Tom (January 27, 1972). "Rizzo Takes a Walk on TV's Latest Shock Monster". Philadelphia Daily News. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
  19. ↑ "Kaiser's plans move forward: Group's dream of network by late 1970 is supported by approval of Cleveland UHF purchase and other moves" (PDF). Broadcasting. Vol. 73, no. 13. September 25, 1967. p. 54. ProQuest 1014507147. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 8, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2022 – via World Radio History.
  20. ↑ "WKBS-TV's 'Mininews' For Kiddies Spreads To Kaiser Stations". Variety. April 18, 1973. p. 47. ProQuest 963258574.
  21. 1 2 "Shakeup Hits News at Kaiser U's; Report Firing of 40, Cutback On Slots; Group Ups Syndie Product". Variety. April 11, 1969. p. 54. ProQuest 962955736.
  22. ↑ Singer, Samuel L. (March 19, 1968). "Screening TV: Bill Cosby's Visit Is Nostalgic". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 13. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ↑ Shister, Gail (March 4, 1990). "A news show dares to grow". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. TV Week 4, 5. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
  24. ↑ Schudel, Matt (July 22, 2017). "Jim Vance, Washington's longest-serving local news anchor, is dead at 75". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  25. ↑ "Kaiser's UHF Group Reverses Cutback In News Shows Under Sherman Bazell". Variety. July 16, 1969. p. 46. ProQuest 964075950.
  26. ↑ Harris, Harry (September 22, 1970). "TV Roundup: '71 Emmy Show to Be Shortened". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 13. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ↑ Petzold, Charles (September 23, 1970). "Talent Hunter Looking for a Quartet". Philadelphia Daily News. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 31. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ↑ "Down to the bone in Kaiser's news: UHF group gives notice to 50 air journalists in sharp economy move" (PDF). Broadcasting. Vol. 79, no. 20. November 16, 1970. p. 51. ProQuest 1016859451. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 8, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2022 – via World Radio History.
  29. ↑ "Kaiser to Cut News Service; 60 to Lose Jobs". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. November 13, 1970. p. 17. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ↑ "Kaiser, Field put their U's together" (PDF). Broadcasting. Vol. 82, no. 22. May 29, 1972. p. 8. ProQuest 1016872697. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2022 – via World Radio History.
  31. ↑ "Station sales rise with curve of air billings" (PDF). Broadcasting. January 31, 1977. p. 23. ProQuest 1014674421. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  32. ↑ Walters, Donna K. H. (August 4, 1985). "An Empire Fades Away, but Its Legacy Lingers On : Final Chapter Is Being Written for What Once Was West's Greatest Industrial Power". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
  33. ↑ "Philly's Three UHFers Give Blazer Hockeycasts By PTVer An Icy Stare". Variety. February 21, 1973. p. 42. ProQuest 1014872209.
  34. ↑ "Bryan's Success At WKBT-TV [sic] Rates Puzzling Pinkslip". Variety. February 11, 1976. pp. 45, 66. ProQuest 1401285861.
  35. ↑ Harris, Harry (July 14, 1976). "How Indie UHF Meets Rivalry: Philly's WTAF-TV Doing It With Combination Of Old Pix & Kidvid". Variety. p. 45. ProQuest 1401290904.
  36. ↑ Harris, Harry (August 19, 1975). "Bill Webber, a Favorite of Kids, Is Going to Channel 48". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 4-D. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. ↑ Naedele, Walter F. (May 24, 2010). "On-air icon 'Wee Willie' Webber dies". Philadelphia Inquirer. pp. B1, B6. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved August 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  38. ↑ Beermann, Frank (June 23, 1982). "Oh, What Tangled Webs They Weave". Variety. pp. 46, 66. ProQuest 1438333331.
  39. ↑ "Big 5 Deals for Prime Exposure". Philadelphia Daily News. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. June 25, 1982. p. 119. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  40. 1 2 Bykofsky, Stuart D. (August 30, 1983). "A Death in the (TV) Family". Philadelphia Daily News. p. 45. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
  41. ↑ Kleban Mills, Barbara; Deutsch, Susan (December 12, 1983). "It Sounded Like Dallas, Not Chicago, as Two Half Brothers Broke Up the Field Family Empire". People. Vol. 20, no. 24. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  42. 1 2 Borowski, Neill (May 21, 1984). "Getting Channel 48 back on air will be a costly undertaking". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 9-C. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  43. ↑ Wolf, Ron (July 27, 1983). "Penn rejected gift of Field's Ch. 48". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. E-1. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  44. ↑ Wolf, Ron (July 16, 1983). "Channel 48 to go off air by Sept. 1". The Philadelphia Inquirer. pp. 1-A, 7-A. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  45. ↑ Shister, Gail (August 29, 1983). "The death of Channel 48 will be a private affair". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 9-E. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
  46. ↑ Shister, Gail (August 30, 1983). "Sign-off by Ch. 48 says final farewell". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. F-1. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  47. ↑ "Field to dismantle its Philadelphia station, WKBS-TV". Broadcasting. July 25, 1983. p. 89. ProQuest 1014711217.
  48. ↑ Mulligan, Kevin (October 21, 1983). "Big 5 Lures N.J. Network". Philadelphia Daily News. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 143. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  49. ↑ Iams, David (January 14, 1984). "1685 William Penn deed to be sold". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 11-A. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  50. ↑ Wolf, Ron (November 28, 1984). "Pay-TV service to pull plug in area". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 1-G. Archived from the original on September 8, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  51. ↑ Smith, Michael (March 8, 1985). "WRBV Heavy Into Hoops". Vineland Times Journal. pp. 11, 14. Archived from the original on September 8, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  52. ↑ Borowski, Neill (June 25, 1985). "Vineland TV station tries for a new look—nostalgia". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 1-C. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  53. ↑ Mulligan, Kevin (May 17, 1985). "TV Weekend: 'New' Channel 57' Glad to Have Villanova". Philadelphia Daily News. p. 120. Archived from the original on February 22, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  54. ↑ Darrow, Chuck (February 27, 1986). "Whatever you call it, Channel 61 comes on at last in April". Courier-Post. Camden, New Jersey. p. 2E. Archived from the original on December 31, 2022. Retrieved December 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  55. ↑ Mullinax, Gary (October 30, 1986). "On the tube: Jay Leno builds a real following". The Morning News. p. D1, D2. Archived from the original on January 10, 2023. Retrieved December 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  56. ↑ Mullinax, Gary (November 21, 1986). "Channel 61 to switch to all-day shopping". The Morning News. Wilmington, Delaware. p. A1, A4. Archived from the original on December 31, 2022. Retrieved December 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  57. ↑ "Home Shopping Network has completed..." The Philadelphia Inquirer. January 6, 1987. p. 11-D. Archived from the original on September 8, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  58. ↑ "N.Y. firm withdraws bid for Channel 48's license". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. November 18, 1985. p. 7-D. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  59. ↑ "Black Woman Picked To Run TV Channel 48". The Daily News. Associated Press. February 13, 1986. p. 5. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  60. ↑ Borowski, Neill (March 19, 1986). "Losing applicants appeal Channel 48 licensing". Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 2-C. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  61. ↑ Fybush, Scott (October 2, 2003). "Roxborough Tower Farm, Philadelphia PA (part I)". fybush.com.
  62. ↑ Carter, Kevin L. (December 15, 1992). "The Comeback Channel". Philadelphia Inquirer. pp. F1, F6. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  63. ↑ Holmes, Kristin E. (November 14, 2004). "Christian TV giant woos Phila. as it faces legal tiff". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. C4. Archived from the original on September 30, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.