Demographics of Atlanta
Population pyramid of Atlanta in 2021
Population420,003 (2010)
Map of race and ethnicity in Atlanta
  white
  black
  Hispanic (of any race)
  Asian

Atlanta is the capital and largest city in the state of Georgia. Atlanta ranks as the 38th-largest in the United States, and the sixth-largest city in the southeastern region. 2010 census results varied dramatically with previous Census Bureau estimates, counting 420,003 residents.[1][2] Atlanta is the core city of the ninth most populous United States metropolitan area at 5,268,860 (est. 2010),[3] with a combined statistical area of 5,626,400.[4] A 2015 article, written by Nate Silver of fivethirtyeight.com, found that Atlanta was the second most segregated city in the U.S.[5]

City of Atlanta

History

Atlanta's population grew steadily during the first 100 years of the city's existence, and peaked in 1970 at around 496,000. However, from 1970 to 2000, the city lost over 100,000 residents, a decrease of around 16 percent. During the same time, the metro area gained over three million people, cutting the city's share of the metro population in half, from over 25 percent in 1970 to around 12 percent in 2000.[6] However, the city's population bottomed out in 1990 at around 394,000, and it has been increasing every year since then, reaching 420,003 residents in 2010. The population count for the 2020 census was 498,715, surpassing the 1970 population.[7]

Racial composition2010[8]1990[9]1970[9]1940[9]
White38.4%31.0%48.4%65.4%
—Non-Hispanic36.3%30.3%47.3%[10]n/a
Black or African American54.0%67.1%51.3%34.6%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)5.2%1.9%1.5%[10]n/a

2010 Census

Historical populations
Census City[11] Region[12]
18502,572N/A
18609,554N/A
187021,789N/A
188037,409N/A
189065,533N/A
190089,872419,375
1910154,839522,442
1920200,616622,283
1930270,366715,391
1940302,288820,579
1950331,314997,666
1960487,4551,312,474
1970496,9731,763,626
1980425,0222,233,324
1990394,0172,959,950
2000416,4744,112,198
2010420,0035,729,304
*Estimates[13][14]
Region: Combined Statistical Area (CSA)

Income

In 2009, the median income for a household in the city was $47,464 and the median income for a family was $59,711. About 21.8% of the population and 17.2% of families lived below the poverty line.[15]

Race and ethnicity

Atlanta city, Georgia – Racial and Ethnic Composition
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity Pop 2000[16] Pop 2010[17] Pop 2020[18] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 130,222 152,377 192,148 31.27% 36.28% 38.53%
Black or African American alone (NH) 254,062 224,316 233,018 61.00% 53.41% 46.72%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 594 754 767 0.14% 0.18% 0.15%
Asian alone (NH) 7,949 13,098 22,208 1.91% 3.12% 4.45%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 131 115 171 0.03% 0.03% 0.03%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 630 739 2,493 0.15% 0.18% 0.50%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 4,166 6,789 17,922 1.00% 1.62% 3.59%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 18,720 21,815 29,988 4.49% 5.19% 6.01%
Total 416,474 420,003 498,715 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Once the nation's 4th largest black-majority city, Atlanta fell below 50% non-Hispanic African American in the 2020 census. The non-Hispanic African-American population has the largest percentage decline in the city since the 2000 census. [19]

The non-Hispanic white alone population of the city of Atlanta has grown significantly since 2000. Between 2000 and 2020, Atlanta's non-Hispanic white population had increased by 61,296 people while the Black population declined by 21,044. The non-Hispanic white percentage increased from 31.3% in 2000, to 36.3% in 2010, to 38.5% in 2020. Since 2000, Atlanta demographics have drastically changed due to an influx of whites into gentrifying intown neighborhoods, such as East Atlanta and the Old Fourth Ward, coupled with a stronger movement of Blacks into surrounding suburbs, especially in Clayton County and DeKalb County.[20][21][22] an influx of Asians and Hispanics moving into the city, combined with increased identification as mixed race and more children born in interracial marriages.

The city of Atlanta has recently become relatively more diverse. The city long consisted overwhelmingly of non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites; those groups made up 92.1% of the city in 1990, but by 2020 their proportion had shrunk to 85.3%. Atlanta's Hispanic population increased 11,268 from 2000 to 2020, and in 2020 the city was 6.0% Hispanic. The Asian American population increased by 14,259 and in 2020 Asian Americans made up 4.5% of the city.

The Metro Atlanta as a whole is also growing more diverse in which non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites make up only 76.9% of the population.[23] The metro area's Hispanic population more than doubled from 268,851 in 2000 to 730,470 in 2020, and now makes up 12.0% of the region's population while Blacks have declined to 33.2%.[23] These immigrant communities have altered the economic, cultural, and religious landscape of metro Atlanta.[24] The Asian American population in the metro makes up 6.5% of the region's population per the 2020 census.[23] Gwinnett County has become one of the most diverse counties in the nation.[25]

Race and ethnicity by neighborhood

2010 census figures for Atlanta's 25 neighborhood planning units reveal several key facts about Atlanta's neighborhoods:

  • 60% of the city's area consists of predominantly black neighborhoods: together, Northwest, Southwest, and Southeast Atlanta are 92% black
  • there are some areas that are predominantly white, notably Buckhead and Northeast Atlanta (NPUs F and N) which are on average 80% white
  • most of the fastest growing areas are central: Downtown (25.9%), Midtown, West Midtown, close-in east side neighborhoods (NPU N) (18.4%)
  • the Ben Hill area at the southwest Perimeter is also growing quickly (up 5,452 people, 45.8%)
  • population loss in areas of Northwest Atlanta (avg. -24.1%) and Southeast Atlanta (-20.5%), as well as some parts of Southwest Atlanta

Source:[26]

Neighborhood
Planning
Unit
(NPU)		Major neighborhoods2010 pop.2000 pop.Growth %WhiteBlackAsianAll otherHispanicSource
Downtown/Midtown
MDowntown, Old Fourth Ward, Sweet Auburn, Castleberry Hill26,88621,35925.9%34.1%56.1%4.9%4.9%4.8%[27]
EMidtown, Georgia Tech, Atlantic Station, Loring Heights, Brookwood Hills42,12134,46122.2%65.4%17.4%12.6%4.6%4.9%[28]
Buckhead
APaces, Margaret Mitchell, Mt. Paran/Northside, Chastain Park11,68711,3003.4%91.7%3.2%3.5%1.7%2.3%[29]
BBuckhead Village, North Buckhead, Lindbergh, Pine Hills, Peachtree Heights, Garden Hills47,29238,64522.4%75.5%12.3%5.3%6.8%9.5%[30]
CCollier Hills, Peachtree Battle, Arden/Habersham, SW Buckhead (W of Northside, S of Wesley)18,12216,19911.9%83.5%8.4%3.2%4.9%6.0%[31]
Northwest
GWest Highlands, Carey Park8,38111,632-27.9%3.3%94.2%0.5%2.1%1.9%[32]
JGrove Park, Center Hill12,53317,085-26.6%1.9%96.4%0.1%1.7%1.3%[33]
KBankhead, Washington Park, Mozley Park, Hunter Hills9,39911,997-21.7%9.1%88.5%0.4%2.0%1.9%[34]
LEnglish Avenue, Vine City, (The Bluff)6,1487,316-16.0%6.1%89.1%1.0%3.8%2.8%[35]
Border Buckhead/West Midtown/Northwest
DWhittier Mill Village, Riverside, Bolton, Underwood Hills, Huff Rd in W Midtown, Berkeley Park10,6908,69023.0%59.2%23.9%4.5%12.4%15.7%[36]
Northeast / East
FVirginia-Highland, Morningside/Lenox Park23,64120,89013.2%79.6%10.0%3.3%7.2%9.7%[37]
NInman Park, Candler Park, Poncey-Highland, Reynoldstown, Cabbagetown, Lake Claire17,38914,68818.4%79.9%13.2%2.7%4.2%4.2%[38]
OEdgewood, Kirkwood, East Lake13,88614,724-5.7%36.9%58.7%1.4%3.0%2.5%[39]
WGrant Park, East Atlanta, Ormewood Park, Benteen Park19,23320,054-4.1%54.8%38.0%1.7%5.5%6.5%[40]
Southwest
HAdamsville, areas S of I-20, W of I-285, N of Cascade Rd14,04917,274-18.7%2.1%92.3%0.2%5.4%6.2%[41]
ICollier Heights, Peyton Forest, Cascade Heights20,74121,500-3.5%2.2%94.1%0.1%3.6%4.2%[42]
PBen Hill, (SW Atlanta W of I-285)17,36311,91145.8%1.9%95.0%0.6%2.5%1.9%[43]
QMidwest Cascade, Regency Trace1,7701,02472.9%1.5%96.5%1.0%1.0%0.6%[44]
RAdams Park, Campbellton Road, Greenbriar16,45216,679-1.4%1.4%96.8%0.1%1.6%1.4%[45]
SOakland City, Venetian Hills, Cascade Avenue/Road, Fort McPherson10,20412,396-17.7%4.0%93.8%0.2%2.0%1.2%[46]
TWest End, Westview, Atlanta University Center, Ashview Heights16,28020,095-19.0%2.3%94.5%0.4%2.9%2.3%[47]
VCapitol Gateway, Summerhill, Peoplestown, Mechanicsville, Pittsburgh, Adair Park14,19815,825-10.3%6.3%89.3%1.3%3.1%2.5%[48]
XMetropolitan Parkway (Atlanta) corridor: Capitol View, Sylvan Hills, Perkerson12,39814,999-17.3%10.5%83.2%0.7%5.6%5.8%[49]
Southeast
YSouth Atlanta, Lakewood Heights, Chosewood Park11,11112,472-10.9%14.3%80.6%0.4%4.7%9.2%[50]
ZThomasville Heights, Glenrose Park, Southern Jonesboro Rd Corridor18,05024,210-25.4%3.1%92.8%0.4%3.7%4.2%[51]
Major shifts from 2000 to 2010

Rise in white population:

  • In NPU W (East Atlanta, Grant Park, Ormewood Park, Benteen Park), the black population went from 57.6% to 38.0%, and the white proportion rose from 36.5% to 54.8%
  • In NPU O (Edgewood, Kirkwood, East Lake area), the black population went from 86.2% to 58.7%, and the white proportion rose from 11.3% to 36.9%.
  • In NPU L (English Avenue, Vine City), the black proportion of the population went down from 97.5% to 89.1%, while the white proportion rose from 1.3% to 6.1%. Note that there many infill residential units were added in the King Plow Arts Center area, which falls under English Avenue but which in character is an extension of the Marietta Street Artery and West Midtown.
  • In NPU D, stretching from West Midtown along the border of Buckhead and northwestern Atlanta, westward towards the river, the white proportion rose from 49.3% to 59.2% with the black proportion dropping from 36.5% to 23.9%

Increasing black population:

  • In NPU X (Metropolitan Parkway corridor), the black proportion of the population rose from 59.5% to 83.2%, while the White, Asian and Hispanic proportion dropped about three percentage points each.
  • NPU B (central Buckhead) became more diverse, with the white proportion dropping from 82.8% to 75.5%, the black proportion rising from 5.9% to 12.3%, and the Asian proportion from 3.1% to 5.3%

Sexual orientation and marital status

The city of Atlanta has one of the highest LGBT populations per capita in the nation. It ranked third of all major cities, behind San Francisco and slightly behind Seattle, with 12.8% of the city's total population recognizing themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.[52][53] Also, Atlanta is home to two highly attended and notable LGBT events, Atlanta Pride and Atlanta Black Pride.[54]

According to the 2000 United States Census (revised in 2004), Atlanta had the twelfth highest proportion of single-person households nationwide among cities of 100,000 or more residents, which was at 38.5%.[55]

Born out-of-state and foreign-born

In the city of Atlanta, Ga. 53% of residents were born in Georgia, 19.1% elsewhere in the South, 18.6% outside the South and 8.0% in a foreign country. Although the foreign-born population in the city itself is low among large US cities and even compared to Atlanta's own metro area, it is high compared to other nearby Southern cities. For example, in Macon, Georgia, 7.1% were US-born outside the South and 3.0% foreign-born, and in Birmingham, Alabama only 7.7% were US-born outside the South and 3.2% foreign-born.[56]

Daytime population

According to a 2000 daytime population estimate by the Census Bureau,[57] over 250,000 more people commuted to Atlanta on any given workday, boosting the city's estimated daytime population to 676,431. This is an increase of 62.4% over Atlanta's resident population, making it the largest gain in daytime population in the country among cities with fewer than 500,000 residents.

Timeline

1850 - 2,572

  • City limits a circle with radius of 1 mile (3.14 mi2)

1860 - 9,554

  • 1866 city limits enlarged to a radius of 1.5 miles (7 mi2) [58]

1870 - 21,789

1880 - 37,409

  • had eclipsed Savannah to become Georgia's largest city
  • 1889 city limits enlarged to a radius of 1.75 miles, Inman Park also annexed.[59] (9.6 mi2)

1890 - 65,533

  • 1894 annexation of West End (adding 1.0 mi2 for a total of 11 mi2)[60]

1900 - 89,872, including 2500 persons of foreign birth and 35,900 of African descent.

1910 - 154,839 (metro 522,442)

1920 - 200,616 (metro 622,283)

1930 - 270,688 (metro 715,391)

1940 - 302,288 (metro 820,579)

1950 - 331,314 (metro 997,666)

1960 - 487,455 (metro 1,312,474)

1970 - 496,973 (metro 1,763,626)

1980 - 425,022 (metro 2,233,324)

1990 - 394,017 (metro 2,959,950)

2000 - 416,474 (metro 4,112,198)

2010 - 420,003 (metro 5,268,860)

Political implications

Atlanta's changing demographics have had effects on its political system. In the 2009 mayoral race, Mary Norwood lost by just 714 votes (out of over 84,000 cast) to Kasim Reed. Norwood, who is white, would have become the city's first non-black mayor since 1974. This comes amid the fact that in recent years, an influx of whites, Asians and Hispanics into Atlanta has shifted the demographics in what was once a city guaranteed to elect a black mayor. In fact, the percentage of blacks dropped to 54 percent in 2010 from 61 percent in 2000. This demographic change and its possible historic effect on Atlanta's city government was a factor that, among others, helped draw supporters of both candidates to the polls.[65]

Projections

Atlanta is projected to have a population of around 590,000 people by 2030. However, this projection assumes Atlanta garners only seven percent of the metro's growth during that period. If the city were to capture ten percent of metro Atlanta's growth, it would reach a population of 660,000 people by 2030.[6]

Metro Atlanta

Race, ethnicity, or
foreign-born status		Pop. 2010 % of total 2010Pop. 2000[A] % of total 2000absolute
change 2000-2010[B]		 % change 2000-2010[B]
Total5,268,8604,112,198
White only2,920,48055.4%2,589,88863.0%330,59212.8%
    Non-Hispanic white only2,671,75750.7%2,447,85659.5%223,9019.1%
Black only1,707,91332.4%1,189,17928.9%518,73443.6%
Asian only and Pacific Islander only  356,9564.9%137,6403.3%119,31686.7%
    Asian Indian178,9801.5%37,1620.9%41,818112.5%
    Korean93,8700.8%22,3170.5%21,55396.6%
    Chinese67,6600.7%22,5640.5%15,09666.9%
    Vietnamese56,5540.7%23,9960.6%12,55852.3%
Hispanic or Latino of any race547,40010.4%268,8516.5%278,549103.6%
    Mexican314,3516.0%165,1094.0%149,24290.4%
    Puerto Rican93,3370.8%19,3580.5%23,979123.9%
    Cuban47,6480.3%9,2060.2%8,44291.7%
    Colombian42,5000.3%8,5000.1%33,00091.7%
Foreign-born716,43413.6%424,51910.3%291,91568.8%

A Atlanta MSA in 2000 did not include Butts, Dawson, Haralson, Heard, Jasper, Lamar, Meriwether, and Pike counties, whose population totalled in 2000: 135,783; in 2010: 156,368 (2.96% of total new 28-county metro)[66]
B Compares the larger 28-county Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta MSA 2010 with a smaller 20-county Atlanta MSA 2000; however the 8 new counties represent less than 3% of the larger 28-county metro.
Source: for race and Hispanic population, U.S. Census Bureau 2010 and 2000 census; for foreign-born population: US Census Bureau 2010 and 2000 American Community Surveys; Immigrants in 2010 Metropolitan America, Brookings Institution

Race and ethnicity

The 2010 census counted 5,268,860 people in the 28-county metropolitan area. This was an increase of 1,020,879 since 2000, the second largest growth of any U.S. metropolitan area behind that of Houston. This represented a proportional increase of 24.0%, again second-highest (after Houston) among the ten largest metropolitan areas of the United States.

White Americans made up 55.4% of metro Atlanta's population, a relative decrease from 63.0% ten years earlier, but still an absolute increase of over 330,000 people. Non-Hispanic whites dropped from 59.5% to 50.7% of the metro's population, increasing by about 224,000 people.

Black Americans are the largest racial minority with 32.4% of the population, up from 28.9% in 2000. The city of Atlanta has long been regarded as a "black mecca" for its role as a center of black education, political power, wealth, and culture. From 2000 to 2010, the geographic disbursement of blacks in Metro Atlanta changed radically. Long concentrated in the city of Atlanta and DeKalb County, the black population there dropped while over half a million African Americans settled across other parts of the metro area, including approximately 112,000 in Gwinnett County, 71,000 in Fulton outside Atlanta, 58,000 in Cobb, 50,000 in Clayton, 34,000 in Douglas, and 27,000 each in Newton and Rockdale Counties.[67]

YearBlack pop. in
City of Atlanta		Black pop. in
DeKalb County		Total black pop.
Atlanta + DeKalb		Total black pop.
Metro Atlanta		Proportion of black pop.
in Atlanta + DeKalb
2000255,689361,111616,8001,189,17951.9%
2010226,894375,697602,5911,707,91335.2%

Hispanic Americans are the fastest growing ethnic group. At 10.4% of the metro's population in 2010, versus only 6.5% in 2000, the metro's Hispanic population increased an astounding 103.6%, or 278,459 people, in ten years. Major Hispanic groups include 314,351 Mexicans, 43,337 Puerto Ricans and 17,648 Cubans. All of those groups' populations increased by over 90% in the ten-year period. Of the metro's 279,000-person increase in the Hispanic population from 2000 to 2010, 98,000 came in Gwinnett County, 37,000 in Cobb, 25,000 in Fulton (all but 3,000 outside the city of Atlanta), 20,000 in Hall, and 15,000 in DeKalb County.[68] The Hispanic population is heavily concentrated in the northeastern section of the Atlanta metropolitan Area.

The Asian American population also increased rapidly from 2000 to 2010. There were 256,956 Asian Americans in the metro area in 2010, making up 4.9% of the population. This represented an 87% increase over 2000. The largest Asian groups are 78,980 Indians, 43,870 Koreans, 37,660 Chinese and 36,554 Vietnamese.

Atlanta has Georgia's largest Bosnian American population with approximately 10,000 in the metro area, mainly in Gwinnett County and DeKalb County[69]

The most common reported ancestries in Atlanta were English, American, German, Irish, Italian, Scottish, African, French, Polish, Russian and Dutch.[70]

109,023 Italians live in the Atlanta area.[71]

There is a small Romani community in Atlanta.[72]

There is a substantial Mexican population in Atlanta. Mexicans are concentrated in Gwinnett County.[73]

Jamaicans are concentrated in Stone Mountain, Decatur, Lithonia, Lawrenceville and Snellville.[74]

Ethiopians and Eritreans are present in Atlanta.[75]

There is a small Japanese community in the metro Atlanta area.[76]

There is a Brazilian community in the metro Atlanta area. Brazilians are concentrated in Marietta, Sandy Springs and Alpharetta.[77]

There is a Nigerian community in Atlanta. Nigerians are concentrated in DeKalb and Gwinnett counties.[78]

There is an Iranian presence in Atlanta. Cobb County is home to the largest population of Iranians in Atlanta.[79]

About 9,400 Cubans live in the Atlanta area. Approximately 4,900 were born in Cuba. DeKalb County has the largest Cuban population in Atlanta.[80]

Haitians are present in Atlanta.[81]

There is a Pakistani community in metro Atlanta.[82]

Foreign-born population

Metro Atlanta is increasingly international, with its 716,434 foreign-born residents in 2010, a 69% increase versus 2000. This was the fourth largest rate of growth among the nation's top 100 metros, after Baltimore, Orlando and Las Vegas. The foreign-born proportion of the population went up from 10.3% to 13.6%, and Atlanta moved up from 14th to 12th in ranking of US metro areas with the largest immigrant population by sheer numbers. Still, its 13.6% proportion of immigrants is only the 29th highest of the nation's top 100 metros.[83]

Metro Atlanta's immigrants are more suburban than most other cities'. Out of the top 100 US metros, Atlanta has the 11th highest ratio of the foreign-born living in the suburbs and not in the core city.[83] Atlanta does not have single centers of ethnic groups such as a Koreatown, but rather areas such as the Buford Highway Corridor in DeKalb County and parts of Gwinnett County are commercial centers for multiple ethnic communities.

In 1990 Greater Atlanta had the largest Japanese population in the Southeast United States. The Consulate General of Japan in Atlanta estimated that, during that year, 3,500 to 4,000 Japanese lived in Greater Atlanta. Of the metropolitan areas in the Southeast United States, in 1990 Greater Atlanta had the most extensive education network for Japanese nationals.[84]

8% of the foreign born population in Atlanta is black. Cobb County has the largest Haitian population. Nigerians are concentrated in DeKalb County.

3.2 percent of immigrants in Atlanta were born in Jamaica and are Jamaican.[85]

In the Atlanta-Sandy Springs- Marietta, GA area the African foreign born population came from Nigeria, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, South Africa, Somalia, Cameroon Sierra Leone and Togo.[86]

There is an Eritrean community in Atlanta.[87]

Religion

Religion in Atlanta, while historically centered around Protestant Christianity, now involves many faiths as a result of the city and metro area's increasingly international population. While Protestant Christianity still maintains a strong presence in the city (63%),[88][89] in recent decades Catholicism has gained a strong foothold due to migration patterns. Metro Atlanta also has a considerable number of ethnic Christian congregations, including Korean and Indian churches. Large non-Christian faiths are present in the form of Islam, Judaism, and Hinduism. Overall, there are over 1,000 places of worship within Atlanta.[90]

Language

Signs in English, Spanish and Chinese along Buford Highway in Metro Atlanta

In 2008, approximately 83.3% of the population five years and older spoke only English at home, which is roughly 4,125,000 people. Over 436,000 people (8.8%) spoke Spanish at home, making Metro Atlanta the 15th highest number of Spanish speakers among American metropolitan areas (MSAs). Over 193,000 people (3.9%) spoke other Indo-European languages at home. People who speak an Asian language at home numbered over 137,000 and made up 2.8% of the population.[91][92]

References

  1. ↑ US Census Bureau
  2. ↑ "Table 4 - Colorado through Idaho". Fbi.gov. Archived from the original on September 27, 2009. Retrieved 2010-04-05.
  3. ↑ Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010, U.S. Census Bureau, 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
  4. ↑ "Combined statistical area population and estimated components of change: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007" (Comma-separated values). United States Census Bureau. July 10, 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
  5. ↑ "The Most Diverse Cities Are Often The Most Segregated | FiveThirtyEight". May 2015.
  6. 1 2 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-11-20. Retrieved 2014-02-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ↑ "QuickFacts Atlanta city, Georgia". Retrieved 2023-08-22.
  8. ↑ "Atlanta (city), Georgia". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-08-02. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
  9. 1 2 3 "Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-08-12. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
  10. 1 2 From 15% sample
  11. ↑ Gibson, Campbell (June 1998). "POPULATION OF THE 100 LARGEST CITIES AND OTHER URBAN PLACES IN THE UNITED STATES: 1790 TO 1990". Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census. Archived from the original on 2007-03-14. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  12. ↑ "CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING: DECENIAL CENSUS". U.S. Bureau of the Census. 2000. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  13. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2008 Population". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (Comma-separated values) on February 9, 2010. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  14. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on November 17, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  15. ↑ Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder - Results". Factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  16. ↑ "P004 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Atlanta city, Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
  17. ↑ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Atlanta city, Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
  18. ↑ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Atlanta city, Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
  19. ↑
  20. ↑ Pooley, Karen Beck (April 15, 2015). "Segregation's New Geography: The Atlanta Metro Region, Race, and the Declining Prospects for Upward Mobility". Southern Spaces. doi:10.18737/M74S47. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  21. ↑ "A census speeds Atlanta toward racially neutral ground - Political In…". Archive.li. 13 September 2014. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  22. ↑ Wheatley, Thomas (March 21, 2011). "Thomas Wheatley, "Atlanta's census numbers reveal dip in black population – and lots of people who mysteriously vanished", Creative Loafing, March 21, 2011". Clatl.com. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
  23. 1 2 3 "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Alpharetta, GA Metro Area". United States Census Bureau.
  24. ↑ Mary Odem, "Global Lives, Local Struggles: Latin American Immigrants in Atlanta" Southern Spaces 2006
  25. ↑ "Gwinnett is now a minority majority county", Atlanta Journal-Constitution, June 10, 2010
  26. ↑ 2010 Census Brochure ]
    Note: racial and ethnic groups are listed in the order established by the national census, not by their ranking within Atlanta
  27. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU M". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  28. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU E". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  29. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU A". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  30. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU B". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  31. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU C". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  32. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU G". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  33. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU J". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  34. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU K". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  35. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU L". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  36. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU D". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  37. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU N". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  38. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU N". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  39. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU O". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  40. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU W". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  41. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU H". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  42. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU I". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  43. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU P". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  44. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU Q". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  45. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU R". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  46. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU S". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  47. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU T". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  48. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU V". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  49. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU X". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  50. ↑ 2010 census brochure
  51. ↑ "City of Atlanta 2010 Census Summary Report, NPU Z". Atlantaga.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  52. ↑ "12.9% in Seattle are gay or bisexual, second only to S.F., study says". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 2009-03-09. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
  53. ↑ Gary J. Gates "Same-sex Couples and the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Population: New Estimates from the American Community Survey" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-02. (2.07 MB). The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation Law and Public Policy, UCLA School of Law October, 2006
  54. ↑ "Top LGBTQ & Gay Events in Atlanta - Discover Atlanta".
  55. ↑ "Cities with 100,000 or More Population in 2000 ranked by Percent One-Person Households, 2000 in Rank Order". United States Census Bureau. 20 August 2002. Archived from the original on 20 August 2002. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
  56. ↑ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  57. ↑ "Estimated Daytime Population". U.S. Census Bureau. December 6, 2005. Retrieved 2006-04-02.
  58. ↑ Garrett, Franklin, Atlanta and Its Environs, 1954, Vol.I, p.703
  59. ↑ "City of Atlanta annexation database Case ID ANX-1889-001". Gis.atlanta.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-12-10. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  60. ↑ "City of Atlanta annexation database Case ID ANX-1894-001". Gis.atlanta.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-12-10. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  61. 1 2 Annexation Map of Atlanta, City of Atlanta, revised 1981 Archived 2013-08-14 at the Wayback Machine
  62. ↑ City of Atlanta annexation database Case ID ANX-1910-004 Archived 2013-12-10 at the Wayback Machine
  63. ↑ City of Atlanta annexation database Case ID ANX-1910-003 Archived 2013-12-10 at the Wayback Machine
  64. ↑ City of Atlanta Annexation database, Case ANX-1952-005 Archived 2013-12-10 at the Wayback Machine
  65. ↑ Brown, Robbie (December 10, 2009). "Atlanta Mayor Recount Goes to Reed". The New York Times.
  66. ↑ ""METROPOLITAN AREAS AND COMPONENTS, 1999, WITH FIPS CODES", US Census Bureau". Census.gov. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  67. ↑ U.S. Census 2010 vs. 2000 population estimates by race
  68. ↑ U.S. Census 2000 and 2010 data
  69. ↑ "CAIR in the News". Cair.com. Archived from the original on 2014-11-05. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  70. ↑ "The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States". Statistical Atlas.
  71. ↑ A profile of today's Italian Americans osia.org 2002
  72. ↑ "Romani realities in the United States: Breaking the silence, challenging the stereotypes" (PDF).
  73. ↑ Mexicans in the Atlanta Economy Global Atlanta Snapshots
  74. ↑ Where Jamaicans Live in Atlanta
  75. ↑ "Ethiopians and Eritreans" (PDF). atlantaregional.com.
  76. ↑ Japanese atlantaregional.com
  77. ↑ Brazilians atlantaregional.com
  78. ↑ Nigerians atlantaregional.com
  79. ↑ Iranians atlantaregional.com
  80. ↑ Who are the Cuban-Americans? atlantaregional.com
  81. ↑ Haitians atlantaregional.com
  82. ↑ Pakistanis atlantaregional.com
  83. 1 2 "Immigrants in 2010 Metropolitan America, Brookings Institution" (PDF). Brookings.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  84. ↑ Lively, Kit. "EDUCATION IS MADE IN JAPAN, EXPORTED TO ATLANTA." Orlando Sentinel. December 24, 1990. A1. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  85. ↑ "Immigrants in Georgia | American Immigration Council". January 2015.
  86. ↑ Census data
  87. ↑ Atlanta regional
  88. ↑ Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles, Pew Research Center
  89. ↑ "America's Changing Religious Landscape". Pew Research Center: Religion & Public Life. May 12, 2015.
  90. ↑ "Atlanta, Ga". Information Please Database. Pearson Education, Inc. Retrieved 2006-05-17.
  91. ↑ Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder - Results". Factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on 10 February 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  92. ↑ "American FactFinder - Results". Factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
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