Proposition 59
Corporate Political Spending Advisory Question
Results
Choice
 Votes  %
Yes 6,845,943 53.18%
No 6,027,084 46.82%
Valid votes 12,873,027 88.11%
Invalid or blank votes 1,737,482 11.89%
Total votes 14,610,509 100.00%
Registered voters/turnout 19,411,771 75.27%
Source: California Secretary of State[1]

California Proposition 59 is a non-binding advisory question that appeared on the 2016 California November general election ballot. It asked voters if they wanted California to work towards overturning the Citizens United U.S. Supreme Court ruling.

Background

On January 21, 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court delivered its 5–4 decision on Citizens United v. FEC, ruling that freedom of speech prohibited the government from restricting independent political expenditures by a nonprofit corporation. The principles articulated by the Supreme Court in the case have also been extended to for-profit corporations, labor unions and other associations.[2][3] This decision was criticized by a number of politicians, academics, attorneys and journalists because it allows unlimited election spending by corporations. Members of 16 state legislatures (including California's) have called for a U.S. constitutional amendment to reverse the court.[4][5]

The California State Legislature originally put Proposition 49 on the 2014 California November general election ballot. It would have been a non-binding advisory question presented to voters, asking if the U.S. Congress should propose a constitutional amendment to overturn Citizens United. However, the California Supreme Court ordered that the measure be pulled from the ballot pending further state constitutional review: at issue was that the state legislature had no defined specific power in either the state constitution or in any other state law to place such advisory measures on the ballot.[6] The California Supreme Court ruled in January 2016 that such an advisory question could indeed be placed on the ballot,[7] and the California State Legislature subsequently placed Proposition 59 on the November ballot.

The advisory question

The proposition does not having any binding legal effect, nor any direct fiscal effect. California previously used voter instructions in the Article V process in an 1892 proposition placed on the ballot by the Legislature in support of the 17th Amendment (Direct Election of Senators).

The proposition asks, "Shall California's elected officials use all of their constitutional authority, including, but not limited to, proposing and ratifying" constitutional amendment(s) to overturn Citizens United.[8] Under Article Five of the U.S. Constitution, the process for amending the Constitution can only be initiated by either Congress or a national convention assembled at the request of the legislatures of at least two-thirds (at present 34) of the states. Then, at least three-fourths (at present 38) of the states must approve the proposed amendment before it becomes law.[9]

Editorial opinion

Support

Oppose

  • The Los Angeles Times wrote in opposition, citing the difficult process of amending the Constitution, as well as the fact that Proposition 59 does not exactly specify what such a proposed constitutional amendment would actually say. Meanwhile, "Citizens United, which was decided only six years ago by a mere 5–4 majority, could plausibly be reconsidered or narrowed with a change in the court's membership."[11]
  • The Ventura County Star suggested voters leave their votes blank to show opposition both to Citizens United and to advisory measures.[12]

References

  1. ↑ "Statement of Vote - November 8, 2016, General Election". December 16, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
  2. ↑ Cillizza, Chris (January 22, 2014). "How Citizens United changed politics, in 7 charts". The Washington Post. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  3. ↑ Levy, Gabrielle (21 January 2015). "How Citizens United Has Changed Politics in 5 Years". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 2017-01-24. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  4. ↑ Blumenthal, Paul (October 18, 2012). "Citizens United Constitutional Amendment: New Jersey Legislature Seeks Reversal Of Ruling". The Huffington Post.
  5. ↑ McCarter,Joan, "Oregon becomes 16th state to call for amendment overturning Citizens United", Daily Kos, July 2, 2013
  6. ↑ "'Citizens United' Measure Removed From California's Fall Ballot". KQED. August 11, 2014. Archived from the original on August 26, 2014. Retrieved August 23, 2014.
  7. ↑ Nichols, John (2016-01-05). "California Could Sound the Loudest Call Yet for Overturning 'Citizens United'". The Nation. ISSN 0027-8378. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
  8. ↑ "Bill Text - SB-254 Campaign finance: voter instruction". Government of California. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  9. ↑ "The Constitutional Amendment Process". The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
  10. ↑ "Chronicle recommends: Yes on state Prop. 59". San Francisco Chronicle. September 7, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  11. ↑ "Prop 59: Don't amend the Constitution over Citizens United". Los Angeles Times. September 6, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  12. ↑ "Editorial: Do not vote on Prop. 59". Ventura County Star. September 30, 2016. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
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