This is a list of Asian Australians who have served as members of Australian federal, state, or territory legislatures. Despite Australia's proximity to Asia, as well as the significant and increasing minority of Australians belonging to an Asian ethnicity,[1][2] the Australian Parliament is considered to be particularly under-representative of its Asian constituents in comparison to other Western multicultural democracies[3][4][5] with members of minority groups making up only about 6 percent of Parliament.[6]

Classification

This section is an excerpt from Asian Australians § Terminology.[edit]

The term Asian Australian was first coined in the 1950s by European Australians who sought to strengthen diplomatic and trade ties with Asia. However, the term was not originally used to describe or recognise the experiences of people of Asian descent living in Australia. It was not until the late 1980s and 1990s that the term was adopted and used by Asian Australians themselves to discuss issues related to racial vilification and discrimination. Today, the term is widely accepted and used to refer to people of Asian descent who are citizens or residents of Australia, although its usage and meaning may vary within the Asian Australian community.[7]

When people use the term Asians in everyday conversation, they are usually referring to two main groups: East Asians (including Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Mongolian) and Southeast Asians (including Filipinos, Cambodians, Vietnamese, Laotians, Indonesians, Thais, and Singaporeans). Additionally, South Asians (including Indians, Bangladeshis, Sri Lankans, Nepalese, and Pakistanis) may also be included.[7]

Census definition

Information relating to the racial composition of the population was collected for the first time at the Census of 1911. The following were classified as "Asiatic":[8]

At censuses prior to 1966 the instructions relating to race were insufficient to enable respondents to classify themselves according to the degree of racial mixture. As one report for the 1966 Census of Population and Housing details:[9]

For example, from 1933 to 1961 persons were asked the following question:

"For persons of European race, wherever born, write "European ". For non-Europeans state the race to which they belong, for example, "Aboriginal", "Chinese", "Negro", "Afghan", etc. If the person is half-caste with one parent of European race, write also "H.C.", for example "H.C. Aboriginal", "H. C. Chinese", etc."

At the 1966 Census the instructions were re-designed ... in an endeavour to obtain precise data on racial mixture and also to avoid the opprobrium attaching to the term "half-caste" ...

— 1966 Census (1971), "Population: Single Characteristics. Part 11", p. 7

The Australian Bureau of Statistics and Australian Census no longer collect data on race as a standalone category. Instead, they collect information on distinct ancestries, of which census respondents can select up to two. The ABS has classified certain ancestries into categories for the purposes of aggregating data, including:[10]

Ancestry is the primary statistical measure of ethnicity or cultural origins in Australia. The different ancestry groups may have distinct histories, cultures, and geographical origins. Therefore, information on Australians with ancestry from Asia can be found in the respective articles for each separate article (e.g., Chinese Australians, Indian Australians, etc.).

It is important to note that Australians of Middle Eastern ancestries are not classified as part of the Asian category under the ABS's Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG).[10] Instead, they are separately classified under North African and Middle Eastern. This includes Australians of Arab, Turkish and Iranian ancestries. However, Armenians, for example, are classified as Central Asian and therefore part of the Asian category.[11]

[lower-alpha 1]

Officeholders

20 Asian Australian people have been members of the Parliament of Australia (the Federal Parliament), including ten each in the Senate and the House of Representatives. The most common represented ethnicity are Chinese Australian (nine) and Indian Australian (three). There are eight incumbent Asian Australian parliamentarians as of 2022.

Federal Parliament

Senate

Senator Ethnicity Party State Tenure Notes
Term start Term end
Tsebin Tchen
(1941–2019)		 Chinese[S 1][12][13][14] Liberal Victoria 1 July 1999 30 June 2005 Retired
Sen. Wong Penny Wong
(born 1968)		 Malaysian Chinese[S 2][15][16][17] Labor South Australia 1 July 2002 Incumbent
Sen. Singh Lisa Singh
(born 1972)		 Indian[S 3][18][19][20][21][22] Labor Tasmania 1 July 2011 30 June 2019 Lost reelection
Dio Wang
(born 1981)		 Chinese[23][24] Palmer United Western Australia 1 July 2014 2 July 2016 Lost reelection
Sen. Faruqi Mehreen Faruqi
(born 1963)		 Pakistani[S 4][25][26][27] Greens New South Wales 15 August 2018 Incumbent
Fatima Payman
(born 1995)		 Afghan[28] Labor Western Australia 1 July 2022 Incumbent
  1. ↑ First Asian-born migrant to be elected to Parliament
  2. ↑ First Asian-born member of Cabinet, First Asian-Australian foreign minister, and the first openly LGBTI person to hold the office
  3. ↑ First woman of South Asian heritage to be elected to Parliament
  4. ↑ First Muslim woman to attain any political office in Australia; first Muslim woman senator to be elected to Parliament

House of Representatives

Member Ethnicity Party Division State Tenure Notes
Term start Term end
Michael Johnson
(born 1970)		 Hong Konger[29] Liberal Ryan Queensland 10 November 2001 20 May 2010
Independent 20 May 2010 21 August 2010
Ian Goodenough
(born 1975)		 Singaporean[30][31][32] Liberal Moore Western Australia 7 September 2013 Incumbent
Gladys Liu
(born 1964)		 Hong Konger Liberal Chisholm Victoria 18 May 2019 21 May 2022 First Chinese Australian woman to be elected to the House[33][34][35][36][37]
Dave Sharma
(born 1975)		 Indian Liberal Wentworth New South Wales 18 May 2019 21 May 2022 Second Australian ambassador of Indian heritage[38][32]
Michelle Ananda-Rajah
(born 1972)		 Sri Lankan[32][39][40][41][42] Labor Higgins Victoria 21 May 2022 Incumbent
Cassandra Fernando
(born 1988)		 Sri Lankan[32][43][44][45] Labor Holt Victoria 21 May 2022 Incumbent
Dai Le
(born 1968)		 Vietnamese Independent Fowler New South Wales 21 May 2022 8 May 2023 First Vietnamese-born member to be elected to Parliament[46][47][48][49][50][51][52]
Dai Le and Frank Carbone Network 8 May 2023 Incumbent
Sam Lim
(born 1961)		 Chinese[53][54][55][56] Labor Tangney Western Australia 21 May 2022 Incumbent
Zaneta Mascarenhas
(born 1980)		 Indian[32][31][42] Labor Swan Western Australia 21 May 2022 Incumbent
Sally Sitou
(born 1982)		 Chinese[57][58][59][60][61] Labor Reid New South Wales 21 May 2022 Incumbent

State and local government

Governors and Governors-General

Governors and Governors-General Ethnicity State Tenure Notes
Term start Term end
Hieu Van Le
(born 1954)		 Vietnamese[62] South Australia 1 September 2014 31 August 2021 First person of Asian heritage to be appointed a state governor in Australia. First person of Vietnamese background to be appointed to a vice-regal position anywhere in the world.

Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly

Member Ethnicity Party Constituency Tenure Notes
Term start Term end
Elizabeth Lee
(born 1979)		 Korean[63] Liberal Kurrajong 15 October 2016 Incumbent First Asian-Australian to lead a major political party in Australia.[64]
Deepak-Raj Gupta
(born 1966)		 Indian[65] Labor Yerrabi 23 July 2019 17 October 2020 First Indian-born person to hold the position of MLA in the Australian Capital Territory. First MLA to be sworn in on the Bhagwat Gita, representing his Hindu faith.[66]

Parliament of New South Wales

Member Ethnicity Party Constituency Tenure Notes
Term start Term end
Prue Car Bengali[67][68] Labor Londonderry 8 June 2021 Incumbent
Anoulack Chanthivong
(born 1977)		 Laotian[69] Labor Macquarie Fields 28 March 2015 Incumbent First politician of South-East Asian heritage to take a seat in the NSW Parliament[69]
Wes Fang
(born 1977)		 Singaporean[70][71] Nationals 9 August 2017 Incumbent First person of Asian heritage to represent the Nationals in NSW[72]
Sen. Faruqi Mehreen Faruqi
(born 1963)		 Pakistani[25][73] Greens Heffron 19 June 2013 14 August 2018
Trevor Khan
(born 1957)		 Punjabi[74] Nationals 24 March 2007 6 January 2022
Geoff Lee
(born 1967)		 Chinese[75] Liberal Parramatta 26 March 2011 25 March 2023
Jenny Leong
(born 1977)		 Chinese[76] Greens Newtown 28 March 2015 Incumbent
Daniel Mookhey
(born 1982)		 Punjabi[74] Labor Monaro 6 May 2015 Incumbent
Helen Sham-Ho
(born 1943)		 Hong Konger[77][78] Liberal / Independent 19 March 1988 28 February 2003
Gurmesh Singh Indian[79] Nationals Coffs Harbour 23 March 2019 Incumbent
Henry Tsang
(born 1942)		 Chinese[80] Labor 27 March 1999 3 December 2009
Ernest Wong
(born 1960s)		 Hong Konger[81] Labor 24 May 2013 23 March 2019
Peter Wong
(born 1942)		 Chinese[82] Liberal / Unity Party 27 March 1999 23 March 2007

Parliament of the Northern Territory

Member Ethnicity Party Constituency Tenure Notes
Term start Term end
Jack Ah Kit
(1950–2020)		 Chinese[83] Labor Arnhem 7 October 1995 16 June 2005
Ngaree Ah Kit
(born 1981)		 Chinese[84] Labor Karama 27 August 2016 Incumbent
Harry Chan
(1918–1969)		 Chinese[85] Fannie Bay December 1962 5 August 1969
Richard Lim
(born 1946)		 Malaysian[86] Country Liberal Party Greatorex 1994 2007
Lauren Moss
(born 1987)		 Indian Labor Casuarina 18 October 2014 Incumbent
Sandra Nelson
(born 1971)		 East Timorese[87] Liberal Katherine 27 August 2016 30 July 2020

Parliament of Queensland

Member Ethnicity Party Constituency Tenure Notes
Term start Term end
Michael Choi
(born 1959)		 Hong Konger[88][89] Labor Capalaba 17 February 2001 23 March 2012
Anne Warner
(born 1945)		 Indian[90] Labor Kurilpa 22 October 1983 1 November 1986

Parliament of South Australia

Member Ethnicity Party Constituency Tenure Notes
Term Start Term End
Jing Lee
(born 1967)		 Malaysian Liberal State-wide 20 March 2010 Incumbent
Rob Lucas
(born 1953)		 Japanese Liberal State-wide 6 November 1982 19 March 2022
Tung Ngo
(born 1972)		 Vietnamese Labor State-wide 15 March 2014 Incumbent
Bernice Pfitzner
(born 1938)		 Singaporean Liberal State-wide 23 October 1990 10 October 1997

Parliament of Tasmania

Member Ethnicity Party Constituency Tenure Notes
Term Start Term End
Sen. Singh Lisa Singh
(born 1972)		 Indian Labor Denison 18 March 2006 13 April 2010

Parliament of Victoria

Member Ethnicity Party Constituency Tenure Notes
Term Start Term End
Tien Kieu
(born 1960)		 Vietnamese Labor South Eastern Metropolitan Region 24 November 2018 26 November 2022
Hong Lim
(born 1950)		 Chinese Labor Clayton / Clarinda 30 March 1996 29 November 2014
Sang Nguyen
(born 1960)		 Vietnamese Labor Melbourne West Province May 1996 November 2006
Jude Perera
(born 1953)		 Sri Lankan Labor Cranbourne 25 November 2002 24 November 2018
Samantha Ratnam
(born 1977)		 Sri Lankan Greens Northern Metropolitan Region 19 October 2017 Incumbent
Harriet Shing
(born 1976)		 Chinese Labor Eastern Victoria Region 29 November 2014 Incumbent
Meng Heang Tak Cambodian Labor Clarinda 19 December 2018 Incumbent
Huong Truong
(born 1983)		 Vietnamese Greens Western Metropolitan Region 21 February 2018 24 November 2018
Kaushaliya Vaghela Indian Labor / Independent / New Democrats Western Metropolitan Region 24 November 2018 26 November 2022
Fred Van Buren
(1936–2006)		 Sri Lankan Labor Eumemmerring 1985 1992
Nicole Werner Malaysian Chinese Liberal Warrandyte 26 August 2023 Incumbent
Eden Foster
 Indian Labor Mulgrave 18 November 2023 Incumbent

Parliament of Western Australia

Member Ethnicity Party Constituency Tenure Notes
Term Start Term End
Helen Bullock
(born 1965)		 Chinese Labor Mining and Pastoral Region 22 May 2009 21 May 2013
Jags Krishnan
(born 1972)		 Indian Labor Riverton 13 March 2021 Incumbent
Kevin Michel
(born 1961)		 Indian Labor Pilbara 11 March 2017 Incumbent
Yaz Mubarakai
(born 1975)		 Indian Labor Jandakot 11 March 2017 Incumbent
Batong Pham
(born 1967)		 Vietnamese Labor November 2007 May 2009
Pierre Yang
(born 1983)		 Chinese Labor South Metropolitan Region 22 May 2021 Incumbent

Councilors and Mayors

Member Ethnicity Position Tenure Notes
Term Start Term End
John So
(born 1946)		 Hong Konger Lord Mayor of Melbourne July 2001 November 2008 First Lord Mayor of Melbourne of Chinese descent.
Katrina Fong Lim
(born 1961)		 Chinese[91] Lord Mayor of Darwin 3 April 2012 4 September 2017
Anthony Tran
(born 1999)		 Vietnamese[92][93][94] Maribyrnong City Council 9 November 2021
Kun Huang
(born ?)		 Chinese[95][96] Cumberland City Council
Sabrin Farooqui
(born ?)		 Bangladeshi[97][98][99][100] Cumberland City Council
Jasmine Nguyen
(born ?)		 Vietnamese[94][101][102][103] Brimbank City Council

See also

Asian Australians

Asian Americans

Other

References

  1. ↑ This article therefore does not list Australian politicians descended from the Middle Eastern region of Asia, such as Iranian Australian Senator Sam Dastyari, Turkish Australian Senator Mehmet Tillem, and Lebanese Australian MPs Bob Katter Sr., Daryl Melham, Bob Katter, and Michael Sukkar.
  1. ↑ "What "Asian" really means in the Census". NewsComAu. 28 June 2017.
  2. ↑ "Australia's Growing Asian Minority: The Impact on Foreign Policy - AIIA".
  3. ↑ Walden, Max (24 March 2021). "Under-representation of Asian Australians in politics". Election Watch. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  4. ↑ Pietsch, Juliet (4 May 2017). "Explaining the political under-representation of Asian Australians: geographical concentration and voting patterns". Political Science. 69 (2): 161–174. doi:10.1080/00323187.2017.1345283. S2CID 149364250 – via Taylor and Francis+NEJM.
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  6. ↑ Cave, Damien (10 April 2018). "In a Proudly Diverse Australia, White People Still Run Almost Everything". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
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  9. ↑ Acting Commonwealth Statistician (August 1971). "Population: Single Characteristics. Part 11: Race" (PDF). 1966 Census of Population and Housing (Report). Vol. 1. Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics; Commonwealth of Australia. pp. 1−31. At the 1966 Census the instructions were re-designed as follows in an endeavour to obtain precise data on racial mixture and also to avoid the opprobrium attaching to the term half-caste: 'State each person's race. For persons of European race, wherever born, write "European". Otherwise state whether Aboriginal, Chinese, Indian, Japanese, etc., as the case may be. If of more than one race give particulars, for example, ½ European–½ Aboriginal; ¾ Aboriginal–¼ Chinese; ½ European–½ Chinese'.
  10. 1 2 "Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG): Latest release", Australian Bureau of Statistics, 18 December 2019, This release of the ASCCEG (2019) contains the updated classification following a limited review.
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  1. ↑ According to the local classification, South Caucasian peoples (Azerbaijanis, Armenians, Georgians) belong not to the European but to the "Central Asian" group, despite the fact that the territory of Transcaucasia has nothing to do with Central Asia and geographically belongs mostly to Western Asia.
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