Black French
Total population
Approximately 3–5 million (2009 estimate);[1]it is illegal for the French State to collect data on ethnicity and race.
Regions with significant populations
Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Saint Martin, Réunion, Mayotte, New Caledonia
Languages
French, French Creoles, New Caledonian languages, African languages
Religion
Majority Christianity or Islam, minority Irreligion and Traditional African religions

Black French also known as French Black people or Afro-French (Afro-Français) are French people who are of sub-Saharan African (including Malagasy people) or Melanesian ancestry. It also includes people of mixed African/Melanesian and French ancestry.

Population statistics

Although it is illegal for the government of France to collect data on ethnicity and race in the census (a law with its origins in the 1789 revolution and reaffirmed in the constitution of 1958),[2] various population estimates exist. An article in The New York Times in 2008 stated that estimates vary between 3 million and 5 million.[3] It is estimated that four out of five black people in France are of African immigrant origin, with the minority being chiefly of Caribbean ancestry.[4][5]

Some organizations, such as the Representative Council of France's Black Associations (French: Conseil représentatif des associations noires de France, CRAN), have argued in favor of the introduction of data collection on minority groups but this has been resisted by other organizations and ruling politicians,[6][7] often on the grounds that collecting such statistics goes against France's secular principles and harkens back to Vichy-era identity documents.[8] During the 2007 presidential election, however, Nicolas Sarkozy was polled on the issue and stated that he favoured the collection of data on ethnicity.[9] Part of a parliamentary bill which would have permitted the collection of data for the purpose of measuring discrimination was rejected by the Conseil Constitutionnel in November 2007.[2]

Notable people

In French politics

Afro-French or Kanak members of the French Parliament or government from overseas France

There have been dozens of Afro-Caribbean, Kanak, and Afro-French MPs representing overseas electoral districts at the French National Assembly or at the French Senate, and several government members.

Laetitia Avia was an MP from Paris and faced allegations of anti-Asian racism and homophobia during her tenure
Maxette Grisoni-Pirbakas is the spokeswoman for the National Rally in the European Parliament.

Afro-French people elected in metropolitan France

Political activists

In sports

In basketball

In football

In rugby

Other sports

In entertainment and media

American-born Josephine Baker in 1932, distributing pot-au-feu

In literature

European / African (or Afro-Caribbean) descent

See also

References

  1. ↑ Crumley, Bruce (24 March 2009), "Should France Count Its Minority Population?", Time, retrieved 11 October 2014
  2. 1 2 Oppenheimer, David B. (2008). "Why France needs to collect data on racial identity...in a French way". Hastings International and Comparative Law Review. 31 (2): 735–752. SSRN 1236362.
  3. ↑ Kimmelman, Michael (17 June 2008). "For blacks in France, Obama's rise is reason to rejoice, and to hope". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
  4. ↑ Bennhold, Katrin (3 August 2006). "Black anchor fills top spot on French TV". International Herald Tribune. p. 2. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
  5. ↑ "Franceblack". Retrieved 6 April 2010.
  6. ↑ Louis-Georges, Tin (2008). "Who is afraid of Blacks in France? The Black question: The name taboo, the number taboo". French Politics, Culture & Society. 26 (1): 32–44. doi:10.3167/fpcs.2008.260103.
  7. ↑ "Black residents of France say they are discriminated against". International Herald Tribune. 31 January 2007. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
  8. ↑ "France's ethnic minorities: To count or not to count". The Economist. Vol. 390, no. 8624. 28 March 2009. p. 62.
  9. ↑ Chrisafis, Angelique (24 February 2007). "French presidential candidates divided over race census". The Guardian. p. 25. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
  10. 1 2 Lawrence, Adria K. (2013). Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism: Anti-Colonial Protest in the French Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-03709-0.
  11. ↑ René, Emile BOISNEUF (1873 - 1927) Biographie extraite du Jean Joly Dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1889 à 1940 1946
  12. ↑ Pierre-Yves Lambert, "Conseillers généraux d'origine non-européenne Archived 15 July 2012 at archive.today", Suffrage Universel
  13. ↑ Pierre-Yves Lambert, "Maires métropolitains d'origine non-européenne Archived 14 July 2012 at archive.today", Suffrage Universel
  14. ↑ "Législatives. Rachel Keke (Nupes) élue dans la 7e circonscription du Val-de-Marne". actu.fr (in French). 19 June 2022. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  15. ↑ "Mme Fanta Berete - Paris (12e circonscription) - Assemblée nationale". www2.assemblee-nationale.fr. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  16. ↑ "M. Carlos Martens Bilongo - Val-d'Oise (8e circonscription) - Assemblée nationale" [Mr. Carlos Martens Bilongo - Val-d'Oise (8th constituency) - National Assembly] (in French). Retrieved 5 November 2022.
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