The agencies of the European Union (formally: Agencies, decentralised independent bodies, corporate bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom) are bodies of the European Union and the Euratom established as juridical persons through secondary EU legislation and tasked with a specific narrow field of work.[1]

They are distinct from:

Overview

In contrast to other EU bodies established through secondary legislation, each of more than fifty such entities has its own juridical personality granted by the EU law, recognised across the EU, and in some cases, also across the EEA countries, Switzerland, Serbia, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and Turkey. Nevertheless, in relations with other non-EU third countries, they are in general not recognised as independent entities, thus being considered either parts of the juridical personality of the EU or the Euratom.[1]

Some of the agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom are tasked with answering the need to develop scientific or technical know-how in certain fields, others bring together different interest groups to facilitate dialogue at European and international level.

Existing agencies

They are divided into the following groups:[1]

Decentralised agencies of the EU

Distinct from the EU institutions, the agencies of the European Union are specialist bodies set up to advise the Institutions and Member States in areas that affect everyone living in the Union.[2] They are located in member states across the EU, providing services, information, and know-how. The total budget of all the decentralised agencies is approximately 0.8% of the EU's annual budget.[3]

Single market agencies

Single market agencies (under the former I Pillar)

Official name Abbreviation Location Member state Est. Members and observers
European Agency for Safety and Health at WorkEU-OSHABilbao Spain1994members: EU states, European Commission[4]
European Centre for the Development of Vocational TrainingCedefopThessaloniki Greece1975members: EU states
observers: Iceland, Norway[5]
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working ConditionsEUROFOUNDDublin Ireland1975members: EU states, European Commission
observers: EFTA[6]
European Environment AgencyEEACopenhagen Denmark1994members: EU states, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey[7]
co-operating: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia
European Training FoundationETFTurin Italy1994members: EU states, European Commission[8]
European Medicines AgencyEMAAmsterdam (since 2019)

London (1995–2019)[lower-alpha 1]

 Netherlands

( UK till 2019)[lower-alpha 1]

1995members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament
observers: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway[10]
European Union Intellectual Property Office[11]EUIPO[12]Alicante Spain1994members: EU states, European Commission[13]
Community Plant Variety OfficeCPVOAngers France1994members: EU states, European Commission[14]
Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European UnionCdTLuxembourg City Luxembourg1994members: EU states, European Commission[15]
European Food Safety AuthorityEFSAParma Italy2002members: EU states
observers European Commission, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland
European Maritime Safety AgencyEMSALisbon Portugal2002members: EU states, European Commission, Iceland, Norway[16]
European Aviation Safety AgencyEASACologne Germany2003members: EU states, European Commission, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland[17]
observers: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, UNMIK[18]
European Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlECDCStockholm Sweden2005members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament
observers: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway[19]
European Union Agency for the Space ProgrammeEUSPAPrague Czech Republic2021[20]members: EU states, European Commission
observers: Norway, European Space Agency[21]
European Railway AgencyERAValenciennes and Lille France2004members: EU states, European Commission, Norway[22]
European Fisheries Control AgencyEFCAVigo Spain2005members: EU states, European Commission[23]
European Chemicals AgencyECHAHelsinki Finland2007members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament
observers: Iceland, Norway[24]
Body of European Regulators of Electronic CommunicationsBERECRiga Latvia2010members: EU states, European Commission[25]
Agency for the Cooperation of Energy RegulatorsACERLjubljana Slovenia2009
European Labour Authority ELA Bratislava  Slovakia 2019 members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament[26][27]

Common Security and Defence Policy agencies

Common Security and Defence Policy agencies (under the former II Pillar)

Official name Abbreviation Location Member state Est. Members and observers
European Defence AgencyEDABrussels Belgium2004members: EU states;[28] European Commission
participant: Norway
European Institute for Security StudiesEUISSParis France2001
European Union Satellite CentreSatCenTorrejón de Ardoz Spain2002

Area of freedom, security and justice agencies

Area of freedom, security and justice agencies (under the former III Pillar)

Official name Abbreviation Location Member state Est. Members and observers
European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training CEPOLBudapest (since 2014)

Bramshill (2005–2014)

 Hungary

( UK till 2014)

2005members: EU states without Denmark
associates: Iceland, Norway, Switzerland[29]
European Union Agency for Law Enforcement CooperationEuropolThe Hague Netherlands1998members: EU states
European body for the enhancement of judicial co-operationEurojustThe Hague Netherlands2002members: EU states
European Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT Systems in the area of freedom, security and justice[30][31]eu-LISA[32]Tallinn[33] Estonia2012
European Border and Coast Guard Agency Frontex Warsaw  Poland 2016[34] members: EU states, except Ireland, Schengen Area states not members of the EU
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug AddictionEMCDDALisbon Portugal1993members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament, Norway
observers: Turkey[35]
European Union Agency for CybersecurityENISAAthens Greece2005members: EU states[36]
European Union Agency for AsylumEUAAValletta Malta2011[31]
European Institute for Gender EqualityEIGEVilnius Lithuania2007members: EU states[37]
Fundamental Rights AgencyFRAVienna Austria2007members: EU states, European Commission, Council of Europe[38]

European supervisory authorities

European supervisory authorities (of the European System of Financial Supervision)

Official name Abbreviation Location Member state Est. Members and observers
European Banking AuthorityEBAParis (since 2019)

London (2011–2019)[lower-alpha 1]

 France

( UK till 2019)[lower-alpha 1]

2011[39]
European Securities and Markets AuthorityESMAParis France2011[40]
European Insurance and Occupational Pensions AuthorityEIOPAFrankfurt Germany2011[41]

Banking union (Single Resolution Mechanism) bodies

Single Resolution Mechanism bodies (of the European banking union)

Official name Abbreviation Location Member state Est. Members and observers
Single Resolution Board SRB Brussels  Belgium 2015 Eurozone countries, Bulgaria

Executive agencies of the EU

Executive agencies are created by European Commission for a fixed period.

Official name Abbreviation Location
European Cybersecurity Competence CentreECCCBucharest[42]
European Innovation Council and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Executive AgencyEISMEABrussels
Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive AgencyEACEABrussels
European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive AgencyCINEABrussels
Research Executive AgencyREABrussels
European Research Council Executive AgencyERCEABrussels
European Health and Digital Executive AgencyHaDEABrussels

Euratom agencies

Official name Abbreviation Location
Euratom Supply AgencyESALuxembourg City

Decentralised independent secondary-legislation bodies

Thé list includes the two decentralised bodies other than agencies, established as EU juridical persons through secondary legislation of the EU/Euratom.

Official name Abbreviation Location Member state Members and associates
European Institute of Innovation and TechnologyEITBudapest HungaryMembers: EEA countries, Switzerland; associates: the United Kingdom
European Public Prosecutor's OfficeEPPOLuxembourg City[43][44] Luxembourgmembers: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain

Other secondary-law corporate bodies

The list includes the remaining two bodies other than agencies, decentralised bodies or joint undertakings, established as EU juridical persons through secondary legislation of the EU/Euratom.

Official name Abbreviation Location Member state Est.
European Data Protection Board EDPB Brussels Belgium 2018
Authority for European Political Parties and European Political FoundationsAPPFBrussels[45] Belgium 2014

Joint undertakings

A joint undertaking is a juridical person and a subsidiary body of the EU or the Euratom, established through an agreement between the European Commission, the participating member states, and the European industry of a certain field, with the purpose of implementing a public-private partnership project.

of the European Union

Official name Abbreviation
Bio-based Industries BBI
Clean Sky CS
Electronic Components and Systems ECSEL
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen FCH
High-Performance Computing EuroHPC
Innovative Medicines Initiative IMI
Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research SESAR
Shift-2-Rail S2R

of the Euratom

Official name Abbreviation
Fusion for Energy F4E
Joint European Torus JET

Non-existing decentralised bodies

Proposed and abandoned

Name Abbreviation Fate
Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority[46]HERAeventually established as DG HERA instead

Transformed or dissolved

Agencies

Official name Abbreviation Location Member state Established Abolished Fate
European Monitoring Centre on Racism and XenophobiaEUMC Vienna Austria19972007Transformed into FRA
European Agency for ReconstructionEAR Thessaloniki Greece20002008Dissolved; tasks assigned to DG NEAR and IPA
Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive AgencyChafeaLuxembourg City Luxembourg20052015Dissolved; tasks assigned to DG SANTE and to HaDEA
European GNSS Supervisory AuthorityGSAundef.undef.20042010Transformed into the second GSA
European GNSS AgencyGSAPrague Czech Republic20102021Transformed into EUSPA
European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European UnionFrontex Warsaw Poland20052016Transformed into current Frontex

Euratom joint undertakings

See also

References

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  3. Deloitte (November 2016), How do EU agencies and other bodies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda? (Report), European Union (published 11 May 2017), archived from the original on 8 July 2022, retrieved 21 August 2018
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Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 With the United Kingdom departure from the EU, the EU decided to relocate the agencies based in London to Amsterdam and Paris on 20 November 2017.[9]
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