The Uganda Electoral Commission (EC) provides national elections for a president and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term. The Parliament is composed of members directly elected to represent constituencies, and one woman representative for every district; as well representatives of special interest groups, including the army, youth, workers and persons with disabilities.

Overview

The first national election in Uganda was the Uganda National Assembly election of 1962. An alliance between the Uganda People's Congress (UPC) and Kabaka Yekka (KY) won the majority of parliamentary seats, and formed Uganda's first post-independence government with Obote as executive Prime Minister.[1]

A period of dictatorship and political strife, including the tenures of Idi Amin, Yusuf Lule and Godfrey Binaisa, meant no elections were held until the presidential election of December 1980. Obote was pronounced the winner amid bitter dispute and allegations of electoral fraud. Yoweri Museveni, one of the presidential aspirants, declared an armed rebellion, and waged a guerrilla war (the Ugandan Bush War) against the government of Obote. Museveni's National Resistance Army (NRA) took power in 1986 from the government of Gen. Tito Okello Lutwa who had six months earlier toppled Obote's UPC government in a July 27, 1985 military coup, making him president.

Museveni and his National Resistance Movement (NRM) created a form of "no-party democracy", banning political parties from fielding candidates directly in elections.[2] In the "no-party" presidential election in 1996, Museveni defeated Paul Ssemogerere and Mohamed Mayanja by a landslide. Although international and domestic observers described the vote as valid, both the losing candidates rejected the results.[2] In the following presidential election, held in 2001, Museveni won by a substantial majority, with Kizza Besigye as the only real challenger. Despite a protest against the results, citing massive voter intimidation and rigging, the outcome was accepted by the Supreme Court of Uganda.

In the 2005 constitutional referendum, Ugandans voted to restore a multi-party political system, lifting the 19-year restriction on the activities of political parties. The 2006 general election was the first multiparty election in 25 years. Museveni won 59% of the presidential vote, and his party, the National Resistance Movement, won the majority of parliamentary seats. Pop star and opposition leader with Bobi Wine challenged Museveni for the presidency in the 2021 election, with Museveni winning.[3]

Latest elections

Presidential elections

Justice Simon Mugenyi Byabakama, chair of the Electoral Commission, declared Museveni the winner of the presidential election on 16 January, stating that he won almost 59% of the vote, with Wine taking 35%. Voter turnout was 57%. Byabakama said that it had been a peaceful election.[4] Speaking before the results were announced, Wine told reporters that it was "the most fraudulent election in the history of Uganda" and also accused Museveni of putting him "under siege", as security forces surrounded his home.[5] Museveni denied these claims in a televised address after being proclaimed the winner, saying that the votes had been machine-counted and that it "may turn out to be the most cheating-free election since 1962".[5][4] Byabakama challenged Wine to provide evidence for his allegations of fraud.[4]

CandidatePartyVotes%
Yoweri MuseveniNational Resistance Movement6,042,89858.38
Bobi WineNational Unity Platform3,631,43735.08
Patrick AmuriatForum for Democratic Change337,5893.26
Mugisha MuntuAlliance for National Transformation67,5740.65
Norbert MaoDemocratic Party57,6820.56
Henry TumukundeIndependent51,3920.50
Joseph KabuletaIndependent45,4240.44
Nancy KalembeIndependent38,7720.37
John KatumbaIndependent37,5540.36
Fred MwesigyeIndependent25,4830.25
Willy MayambalaIndependent15,0140.15
Total10,350,819100.00
Valid votes10,350,81996.34
Invalid/blank votes393,5003.66
Total votes10,744,319100.00
Registered voters/turnout18,103,60359.35
Source: ECU

Parliamentary elections

PartyConstituencyWomenSeats
Votes%SeatsVotes%SeatsAppointedTotal+/–
National Resistance Movement4,158,93441.602184,532,81444.8110117336+42
National Unity Platform1,347,92913.48431,607,42515.8914057New
Forum for Democratic Change729,2477.2924674,1546.668032–4
Democratic Party245,2482.458181,3641.79109–6
Uganda People's Congress180,3131.807229,8842.27209+3
Alliance for National Transformation72,0180.72082,3180.81000New
Justice Forum24,8430.25122,6250.22001+1
People's Progressive Party10,0760.10101+1
Uganda Economic Party6,1990.06000New
Ecological Party of Uganda4,2870.04000New
Conservative Party1,0710.010000
Social Democratic Party7190.010000
Forum for Integrity in Leadership1220.00000New
Congress Service Volunteers Organisation680.00000New
Independents3,217,48032.18512,785,67627.5420374+8
Uganda People's Defence Force10100
Total9,998,554100.0035310,116,260100.0014630529+103
Source: Electoral Commission

See also

References

  1. ↑ History of Parliament Archived 2010-02-20 at the Wayback Machine (Website of the Parliament of Uganda)
  2. 1 2 Nelson Kasfir (1998). ""No-Party Democracy" in Uganda". Journal of Democracy. 9 (2): 49–63. doi:10.1353/jod.1998.0029. S2CID 154723327.
  3. ↑ "Uganda's Bobi Wine charged with 'annoying' Museveni". THE KENYAN. 2019-08-07. Retrieved 2019-11-09.
  4. 1 2 3 "Uganda: Veteran leader Yoweri Museveni declared election winner". BBC News. 16 January 2021. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  5. 1 2 Akinwotu, Emmanuel; Okiror, Samuel (16 January 2021). "Museveni declared election winner in Uganda as rival Bobi Wine alleges fraud". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
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