East Geelvink Bay
East Cenderawasih
Geographic
distribution
Papua Province, Indonesia
Linguistic classificationOne of the world's primary language families
Glottologgeel1240

The East Geelvink Bay or East Cenderawasih languages are a language family of a dozen Papuan languages along the eastern coast of Geelvink Bay in Indonesian Papua, which is also known as Sarera Bay or Cenderawasih.

Languages

Of these, only Turunggare, Barapasi, and Bauzi are known well enough to demonstrate a relationship, though they are all lexically similar (> 60%). The unclassified Kehu language, spoken between Turunggare and Burate, may turn out to be East Geelvink Bay as well.

Bauzi is the best documented East Geelvink Bay language, but may or may not be representative of the Geelvink Bay family as a whole.[1]

Classification

A relationship between Yawa, spoken on Yapen Island, and the East Geelvink Bay languages was tentatively proposed by C. L. Voorhoeve in 1975 in a proposal he called Geelvink Bay. The hypothesis was taken up by Stephen Wurm, who developed it as part of an initial attempt to classify the Papuan languages; however, the relationship would be a distant one, and later linguists such as Mark Donohue considered Yawa to be a language isolate.

Clouse (1997)[2] removed the Lakes Plain languages of the upper Mamberamo River in the interior of Papua from Trans–New Guinea, where Würm had placed them, and by comparison with Bauzi and Demisa proposes them to be a sister family of the East Geelvink Bay languages. Basic vocabulary cognates that Clouse suggests to connect the two stocks include:

meaningProto-Lakes PlainBauziDemisa
'eye'*kudatiCV(faxo)halukwa
'muscle'*tVnubu(betinukwa)
'water'*deidavaɔwɔte
'fire'*kudaidevuagwa
'tree'*kuCVuto
'black'*kVCagihotgiho
'child'*tau-bridatadataβi
'we'*aii
'go, walk'*kidiala
'blow'*pudVfɛu
'feces'*padehaɛ
'arrow'*poka
'bad'Proto-Tariku: *ɸVrafait

However, in his 2005 classification based on comparative evidence from pronouns, Malcolm Ross treats all three groups as separate families, with Yawa tentatively placed in an extended West Papuan family.

Typology

Verbal morphology in the East Geelvink Bay family is less complex than that of Tor-Kwerba languages, but is more complex than that of the Lakes Plain languages.[1]

Pronouns

The pronouns Ross reconstructs for proto–East Geelvink Bay are,

I*ewe*i
thou*oyou*u
s/he*athey ?

Basic vocabulary

Basic vocabulary of selected East Cenderawasih languages (Barapasi, Bauzi, Demisa, Tunggare) listed in Foley (2018):[1]

East Cenderawasih family basic vocabulary
glossBarapasiBauziDemisaTunggare
‘bird’debumebijanadinarate
‘blood’nosivasɛanahabinahavei
‘bone’parafahetaha
‘eat’aiæɣayo
‘egg’moʔaɔɔmwaʔoʔo
‘eye’aronuafaxohalukwahanua
‘fire’awavuagwaurehe
‘give’wainore
‘ground’detabakebæibaʔe
‘hair’nawaohutaohutaiohitaʔi
‘head’osiohulaohudaʔohaha
‘I’emieemdəei
‘leg’naronaɔnaronal
‘louse’woavɔayoʔua
‘man’dorodamdamatehadate
‘name’hereɛʔe
‘one’orarivæmtɛanatudüeduaʔa
‘see’uteaamaʔai
‘stone’aeaɛduhahia
‘sun’wapaoalaarɔau
‘tooth’morumomolumou
‘tree’aumautouto-me
‘two’apimibɛhæsuutahuamaite
‘water’warovaɔwɔtemana
‘we’i-meii
‘you (pl)’u-miuwi

The following basic vocabulary words are from Clouse (1997)[2] and Voorhoeve (1975),[3] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[4]

glossBauziDemisaBarapasiTunggare
head dauha; ohulaohudaosiʔohaha
hair ohutaohutainəwaohitaʔi
ear dogoihema
eye fako; faxohalukwaaronuahanua
nose ɔmtɔomata
tooth morumou
tongue isoitsa
leg nabaː; naonaɾonaronal
louse vɔa; vwayowoaʔua
dog vɛm; vemenimiweme
pig doho; dɔhɔbeijidoho
bird bume; bumɛbijanadedinarate
egg ʔo; ɔɔmwamoʔaʔoʔo
blood vasɛa; veisonahabinosinahavei
bone fa; ovehahetaparaha
skin sogoba; sɔkɔbahiɔterebaʔaisaʔa
breast ahudɛubɾa
tree utoaumauto-me
man datadorodate
sky asumasunawa
sun ala; ala(meoho)aɾɔwapaoau
moon alaaɾo
water valo; vaɔwɔtewaromana
fire üwa; vuagwaawaurehe
stone kɛ; kheɛduaeahahia
name ɛ; elehereʔe
eat æ; udeʔaaireghayo
one væmtɛa; vamtianatudüeorariduaʔa
two beasu; bɛhæsuutahuapimiamaite

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Foley, William A. (2018). "The languages of Northwest New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 433–568. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
  2. 1 2 Clouse, Duane A. (1997). "Towards a reconstruction and reclassification of the Lakes Plain languages of Irian Jaya". In Karl Franklin (ed.). Papers in Papuan linguistics no. 2 (PDF). Vol. A-85. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 133–236. ISBN 0858834421.
  3. Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi:10.15144/PL-B31
  4. Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  • Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
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