Hurricane Zeta
Hurricane Zeta prior to peak intensity and landfall in southeast Louisiana on October 28
Meteorological history
FormedOctober 24, 2020
Post-tropicalOctober 29, 2020
DissipatedOctober 30, 2020
Category 3 hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds115 mph (185 km/h)
Lowest pressure970 mbar (hPa); 28.64 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities9 total
Damage$4.4 billion (2020 USD)
Areas affectedCayman Islands, Jamaica, Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, Gulf Coast of the United States, Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic, New England, Ireland, United Kingdom
IBTrACS / [1]
Part of the 2020 Atlantic hurricane and
2020–21 North American winter seasons

Hurricane Zeta was a late-season major hurricane in 2020 that made landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula and then in southeastern Louisiana, the latest on record to do so at such strength in the United States. Zeta was the record-tying sixth hurricane of the year to make landfall in the United States. The twenty-seventh named storm, twelfth hurricane and fifth major hurricane of the extremely active 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, Zeta formed from a broad area of low pressure that formed in the western Caribbean Sea on October 19. After battling wind shear, the quasi-stationary low organized into Tropical Depression Twenty-Eight on October 24. The system strengthened into Tropical Storm Zeta early on October 25 before becoming a hurricane the next day as it began to move northwestward. Hurricane Zeta made landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula late on October 26 and weakened while inland to a tropical storm, before moving off the northern coast of the peninsula on October 27. After weakening due to dry air entrainment, Zeta reorganized and became a hurricane again, and eventually a Category 2 hurricane, as it turned northeastward approaching the United States Gulf Coast on October 28. It continued to strengthen until it reached its peak intensity as a major Category 3 hurricane with 115-mile-per-hour (185 km/h) sustained winds and a minimum pressure of 970 mbar (28.64 inHg) as it made landfall at Cocodrie, Louisiana, that evening. Zeta continued on through Mississippi and parts of Alabama with hurricane-force winds. Zeta gradually weakened as it accelerated northeastward, and became post-tropical on October 29, as it moved through central Virginia, dissipating shortly afterwards off the coast of New Jersey. After bringing accumulating snow to parts of New England, the extratropical low-pressure system carrying Zeta's remnant energy impacted the United Kingdom on November 1 and 2.

Numerous tropical cyclone watches and warnings were issued in areas that had already dealt with other tropical cyclones throughout the season, including Hurricane Delta, which took a near-identical track three weeks prior. States of emergencies were issued in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. Heavy rain in Jamaica led to a landslide that killed a man and his daughter when it hit their family home on October 24. In Mexico, strong winds and storm surge knocked down tree branches onto flooded streets in Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo, near where Zeta made landfall. Heavy rain, storm surge, and strong winds also impacted the Southeastern United States and at least six fatalities were confirmed in the region. Downed power lines and numerous crashes were a result in New England after the remnants of the system brought heavy accumulating snow to parts of the region. Overall, Zeta caused at least $4.4 billion in damage throughout its path: $3.9 billion in the United States and $50 million in the Caribbean.[2]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale[nb 1]
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

At 00:00 UTC on October 15, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began to monitor the southern Caribbean Sea for the possible development of a broad area of low pressure over the region.[3] A large area of unsettled weather developed over the southwestern Caribbean by October 19 due to the combination of a tropical wave and a trough of low pressure. Although unfavorable upper-level winds prevented further development of the tropical wave, southerly flow from that system caused Zeta's precursor trough to drift northward.[1] Three days later, satellite images and radar data showed that the system, located near Grand Cayman Island at the time, was gradually becoming better organized.[4] Following an increase of deep convection overnight into the morning of October 24, satellite data indicated that a well-defined low formed by 12:00 UTC October 24, marking the formation of Tropical Depression Twenty-Eight. Then, 12 hours later, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Zeta,[1] while located about 270 mi (430 km) east-southeast of Cozumel, Quintana Roo.[5] After remaining nearly stationary for over a day, the storm began to move northwestward, and, despite experiencing some north-northwestwardly wind shear,[6] Zeta steadily intensified, reaching hurricane strength by 06:00 UTC on October 26, while located about 230 mi (370 km) southeast of Cozumel. At 03:55 UTC the next day, the hurricane made its first landfall near Ciudad Chemuyil, Quintana Roo with sustained winds of 85 mph (135 km/h).[1] It weakened to a tropical storm over the Yucatán Peninsula, and moved offshore of the northern coast of the peninsula by 15:00 UTC, about 25 mi (40 km) north-northeast of Progreso, Yucatán.[7]

Tropical Storm Zeta approaching the Yucatán Peninsula on October 26

Dry air wrapped around the northern half of Zeta's circulation as it moved off shore over the southern Gulf of Mexico, leaving its center partially exposed,[8] though it began to re-intensify on October 28, in a conducive environment of low shear and warm Sea surface temperatures.[1] At 06:00 UTC on October 28, while located about 410 mi (660 km) south of New Orleans, Louisiana, Zeta became a hurricane again.[9] It then began to accelerate, turning towards the northeast because of an approaching upper-level low and associated cold front moving across the Southern Plains while ridging was located off the Southeast Atlantic U.S. Coast.[10] While within the swift flow between these systems, Zeta rapidly intensified as it moved quickly, with a forward speed of (25–30 mph (40–48 km/h), toward the Louisiana coast.[1] Despite marginal sea-surface temperatures and increasing wind shear, the storm's velocity kept it from weakening.[10] It continued to strengthen until it reached its peak intensity, as a category 3 hurricane, with sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 970 mbar (29 inHg), as it made landfall near Cocodrie, Louisiana, at 21:00 UTC.[1] Operationally, the National Hurricane Center determined the storm to only be a category 2 at landfall, but it was upgraded to a category 3 in post season analysis.[11] The storm began to gradually weaken as it moved directly over New Orleans and then into southern Mississippi.[1] Its maximum sustained winds decreased to tropical storm strength early on October 29, about 25 mi (40 km) south-southeast of Tuscaloosa, Alabama.[12] It then accelerated northeastward across northern Georgia and the southern Appalachian Mountains,[1] before transitioning into a post-tropical cyclone about 25 mi (40 km) south-southeast of Charlottesville, Virginia.[13] The system continued moving rapidly northeastward overnight on October 29–30, becoming entwined with a frontal zone[1] and bringing accumulating snow to parts of New England,[14] before dissipating east of the mid-Atlantic U.S. coast on October 30.[1] Several days later, the low-pressure system carrying Zeta's remnant energy brought heavy rain and strong winds to parts of the United Kingdom.[15]

Preparations

Cayman Islands and Jamaica

Flash flood warnings were issued in parts of Jamaica and the Cayman Islands, where a small craft warning was also issued in the latter.[16][17]

Cuba

Upon formation, a Tropical Storm Watch was issued for the province of Pinar del Río.[18] This was upgraded to a warning soon after. However, the storm went a bit further south than expected, and no significant impacts were felt there.

Mexico

In Quintana Roo, people were still recovering from Hurricane Delta, which hit the region about three weeks prior. The state government set up several shelters for residents and tourists, while transport was suspended.[19] Some boats that usually carry tourists anchored among mangroves to avoid the waves and winds of Hurricane Zeta.[20]

United States

GOES-16 imagery of Hurricane Zeta and the Southern Plains winter storm interacting on October 28

Hurricane watches were issued for eastern and central coastal Louisiana and coastal Mississippi. A tropical storm watch was also issued for areas east of Intracoastal City to Morgan City, Louisiana, as well as coastal Alabama. Storm surge watches were issued for the entire area as well. The western part of watches and warnings were trimmed as the storm approached and the forecast track became better established.[21] Inland tropical storm warnings were issued as far north as southern Virginia. Two tornado watches were ultimately issued for this storm; they stretched from southeast Louisiana into southwestern Georgia.[22][23] As the storm began to merge with a cold front, winter weather advisories were issued for inland New England with the threat of accumulating snow causing problems on roads.[24]

Louisiana

On October 26, Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards issued a state of emergency for the entire state.[25] The town of Grand Isle issued a mandatory evacuation on October 27 as a voluntary evacuation was ordered for Jean Lafitte that same day.[26] Tulane University moved classes to virtual learning on October 28, while also closing health centers on campus.[27] Cleco employed more than 200 new workers to help restore power in the aftermath of Zeta.[28] Several national park units were shut down to weather the storm.[29]

Mississippi

Mississippi Governor Tate Reeves declared a state of emergency ahead of Zeta on October 28.[30] This was preceded by Hattiesburg and Forrest County's emergency declarations which were issued on October 27.[31] Schools in Pascagoula, Gautier, Biloxi, and Long Beach were closed on October 28 and 29 although schools in Pascagoula and Gautier only had early releases on October 28.[32] On October 26, the entire Mississippi section of the Gulf Islands National Seashore shut down in preparation of the hurricane.[33]

Alabama

On October 27, Alabama Governor Kay Ivey issued a state of emergency.[34] Baldwin EMC stocked on supplies and put extra crews on standby ahead of Zeta to help restore power in parts of the state.[35]

Elsewhere

Tropical Storm Warnings were issued as far inland as the Carolinas and Virginia on October 28, with the likelihood of tropical-storm-force sustained winds and gusts likely in the areas.[36]

After the storm moved offshore, the threat of blowing snow and other wintry weather in New England prompted Winter Weather Advisories for much of inland New England on October 29 and 30. The residents of the area were warned of slick roads and unsuitable driving conditions with the wintry weather.[24]

Impact

Cayman Islands and Jamaica

A man and his daughter were killed in Jamaica after a landslide hit the family's home on October 24. The landslide was due to heavy rain likely from the precursor to Zeta.[37] The precursor of Zeta caused J$2 billion (US$13.7 million) in infrastructural damage.[38] Later, Zeta also caused US$18 million to roads and US$13 million in agricultural losses.[39]

Mexico

Tree branches were littered across flooded streets in Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo, near where Zeta made landfall.[40] However, Quintana Roo Governor Carlos Joaquin stated on Twitter that no major damage or casualties had been reported in the state. He also allowed airports and business to re-open just hours after landfall, but forced beaches to remain closed until surf calmed.[41] Damage in Quintana Roo was relatively minor, and only reached MX$4.1 million (US$195,000).[42]

United States

A number of tornado warnings were issued in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida.[43][44] Over 2 million customers in the United States lost power.[45]

Louisiana

Zeta making landfall at peak intensity in Cocodrie, Louisiana as seen from the NWS New Orleans Nexrad radar and the International Space Station on October 28.

Sustained tropical storm force winds began spreading onshore in southeastern coast of Louisiana around 18:00 UTC on October 28.[46] A sustained wind of 45 mph (72 km/h) was reported at Caillou Bay.[47] Just after a landfall, a personal weather station at Golden Meadow reported winds of 83 mph with a gust to 105 mph while another unofficial weather station nearby reported sustained winds of 94 mph (151 km/h) and a gust to 110 mph (180 km/h).[46][48] Additionally, a wind gust to 52 mph (84 km/h) was reported at Houma and a wind gust to 53 mph (85 km/h) was reported at New Orleans Lakefront Airport.[48] A WeatherFlow station in Harahan reported sustained winds of 56 mph (90 km/h) and a gust to 75 mph (121 km/h) while an elevated station at Bayou Bienvenue south-southeast of New Orleans reported sustained winds of 88 mph (142 km/h) and a gust to 112 mph (180 km/h).[49] Shell Beach reported sustained winds of 81 mph (130 km/h) with a gust to 101 mph (163 km/h).[50]

A gas station was damaged in Grand Isle and a tree fell on a home in Chauvin.[46][51] Numerous utility lines were downed in Houma and storm surge flooded LA 1 in Golden Meadow while also depositing a boat on it.[51] The eye of Zeta moved directly over New Orleans, where winds gusted to 94 mph, a large tree was snapped in Bayou St. John, and a tree was blown down onto a car in the Garden District.[52] The airport reported a pressure of 973 mb as the eye moved overhead.[50] One person was hospitalized after a roof collapsed on a building in the city,[53] and another person was also killed due to electrocution from downed power lines.[54] Overall, Zeta caused $1.25 billion damage in Louisiana.[1]

Mississippi

Bay St. Louis experienced maximum sustained winds of 80 mph with gusts to 103 mph at approximately 7:00 pm local time.[55] This was followed shortly after by peak storm surge recorded at 9.99 ft (3.04 m).[56] The only tornado reported while Zeta was a tropical cyclone occurred in Noxubee County on October 28. It was rated EF1 (on the Enhanced Fujita Scale) and caused about $30,000 in damage.[1][57] The storm surge flooded the parking garage at the Golden Nugget Casino in Biloxi, leaving several cars partially submerged.[58] Wind gusts of near 60 mph (95 km/h) were reported in Forrest County.[59] Trees were blown down in eastern Marion County and in Lamar County south of U.S. 98.[60][61] Additionally, there were sporadic reports of home damage in the region.[62][63] One death was recorded in Biloxi when a person was found dead on the Broadwater Marina, having drowned after being surrounded by storm surge.[1][64] Overall, Zeta caused $650 million damage in Mississippi.[1]

Alabama

Strong winds impacted Mobile, which was still recovering from Hurricane Sally from the month prior. The weather service at Mobile Regional Airport reported sustained winds of 48 mph (77 km/h) and a wind gust of 91 mph (146 km/h).[65] An observation at the museum ship USS Alabama reported sustained winds of 64 mph (103 km/h) while an observation at the Buccaneer Yacht Club reported a wind gust of 60 mph (97 km/h).[66] An observation in Evergreen reported sustained winds of 41 mph (66 km/h) with a wind gust of 68 mph (109 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 988 mb was reported at the Demopolis Municipal Airport as Zeta passed nearby. A National Ocean Service station at the Bayou La Batre Bridge reported 6.89 feet (2.10 m) of storm surge as well.[67] An observation in Wetumpka reported sustained winds of 44 mph (71 km/h).[12] One person died when a tree fell on a mobile home in rural Clarke County.[68] Overall, Zeta caused $825 million damage in Alabama, as well as 500,000 power outages.[69][1]

East Coast of the United States

5.5 in (14 cm) of snow blanketing Lexington, MA after post-tropical cyclone Zeta came through the area
The precipitation in New England from Zeta on October 30 as seen on NWS Boston radar (top) and a snowfall map from Zeta showing snowfall amounts in southern New England (bottom).

After interacting and merging with the winter storm located over the Southern Plains, Zeta caused widespread wind damage throughout the rest of the Southeastern United States. A wind gust of 52 mph (84 km/h) was observed in Pensacola, Florida.[67] Zeta crossed over Northern Georgia beginning at 05:00 UTC on October 29, causing major impacts, especially in Metro Atlanta. Wind gust was recorded to be up to 60 mph (97 km/h) on the Georgia/Alabama border, near Piedmont, Alabama.[70] In Acworth, Georgia, a large oak tree was uprooted and fell on a mobile home, killing a man. Two other adults and a child were in the home at the time of the incident but were not injured.[71] Two other people in Buford, Georgia, also died from a tree falling onto their house.[72] Nearly a million people in Metro Atlanta were without power the morning after the storm.[73] Thousands of people in Metro Atlanta were still without power four days after the storm, in addition to at least one polling location which was to be used for the 2020 elections, resulting in an emergency change in such locations.[74] Overall, Zeta caused $1.1 billion damage in Georgia, becoming one of the top five costliest tropical cyclones in Georgia in the process.[11]

In North Carolina, sustained tropical-storm force winds moved over the entire state.[75] A sustained wind of 41 mph (66 km/h) and a gust to 82 mph (132 km/h) was reported at Cashiers while a sustained wind of 38 mph (61 km/h) and a gust to 51 mph (82 km/h) were reported at the Greensboro Piedmont Triad International Airport.[76][77] A sustained wind of 51 mph (82 km/h) and a gust to 72 mph (116 km/h) was also reported at a station in Conway, to the east of Roanoke Rapids.[13] As the storm raced offshore, a sustained wind of 39 mph (63 km/h) and a gust to 46 mph (74 km/h) was reported at Ocean City, Maryland.[78] Overall, Zeta caused $550 million damage in the Carolinas and $25 million in Virginia.[1]

In parts of southern New England and upstate New York, the remnants of post-tropical cyclone Zeta brought accumulating snow to the region, after interacting with a cold front also moving through.[79] The highest amount of accumulation was 6.5 inches (17 cm) of snow recorded in Grafton, Massachusetts.[80] The National Weather Service at Norton, Massachusetts set a monthly record for snow, at 3.5 inches (8.9 centimetres).[81] This early-season snowstorm resulted in some downed tree branches in the region.[82] The snowstorm also caused slippery road surfaces, leading to numerous crashes, some serious, in the state of Massachusetts.[83] The cold front associated with Zeta dropped temperatures on the morning of October 31 to 19 °F (−7 °C) in Albany, New York, just one degree shy of the record. This is well below the typical low temperature of 35 °F (2 °C). Highs that day struggled to get into the 40s.[84] Parts of New Jersey saw temperatures get as low as 20 °F (−7 °C) after Zeta dropped snow in the northern portion of the state, acculumating to 2.4 inches (6.1 cm) in High Point State Park.[85][86]

United Kingdom

Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in the United Kingdom
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1150.05.91Bertha 2014Inverness, Highland[87]
2135.05.31Charley 1986Abergwyngregyn, Gwynedd[88]
3130.05.12Nadine 2012Ravensworth, North Yorkshire[89]
476.02.99Lili 1996Chale Bay, Isle of Wight[90]
561.72.43Zeta 2020Chipping, Lancashire[91]
648.81.92Grace 2009Capel Curig, Conwy[92]
742.21.66Gordon 2006Wainfleet All Saints, Lincolnshire[93]
838.01.50Gonzalo 2014Glenmoriston, Highland[94]
931.01.22Bill 2009Shap, Cumbria[95]
1030.01.18Laura 2008Windermere, Cumbria[96]

The remnant energy of Zeta crossed the United Kingdom on November 1–2, less than a day after Storm Aiden had impacted the country. Due to the risk of further heavy rainfall across areas previously impacted by Aiden, the Environment Agency issued more than 40 flood alerts ahead of the arrival of Zeta's remnants.[97] The system re-intensified into a hurricane-force extratropical cyclone while centered off the western coast of Scotland on 1 November. Heavy rainfall resulted in the River Wharfe bursting its banks in West Yorkshire, flooding properties in the town of Otley.

It was responsible for flooding in North Wales after bringing prolonged heavy rainfall to the region.[98] The village of Dolgarrog suffered extensive damage after flash flooding inundated the entire village, including Dolgarrog railway station, causing the suspension of services along the Conwy Valley line.[98] In Betws-y-Coed, the A5 road was closed; the nearby Dolgellau Bypass was also closed due to flooding.[98] Several rivers burst their banks, including the River Dee, causing damage in Bangor-on-Dee, Corwen, Llangollen and Wrexham.[98] In Trefriw, officers from North Wales Police rescued several residents from flooded homes overnight.[99]

High winds also caused disruption to transport. Along the A55 road in north Wales, speed restrictions were in place on the Britannia Bridge and around Conwy Tunnel, while Dyfi Bridge on the A487 was closed. The A525 was blocked by fallen trees. The M62 motorway was closed between Leeds and Manchester after high winds caused a lorry to overturn, landing on top of a van in the next lane. At Birmingham Airport, high winds caused difficulty for arriving aircraft.[100]

Records and naming

Upon formation, Zeta became the earliest 27th Atlantic tropical or subtropical storm on record, surpassing the old mark of November 29, set by Hurricane Epsilon in 2005.[4] It also became the latest major hurricane to strike the continental United States in the calendar year on record, surpassing the 1921 Tampa Bay hurricane.[101]

The 2020 season was the second (along with 2005) in which an alphabetic list of 21 storm names had been exhausted, necessitating use of the Greek alphabet auxiliary list. In March 2021, the World Meteorological Organization replaced that auxiliary list with a new 21-name supplemental list. As a result, the name Zeta will not be used to name another Atlantic hurricane.[102]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The position of Zeta's Category 3 peak is not depicted in this graphic as it is an asynoptic point (i.e. not at the 6-hour intervals of all other points) occurring at 21:00 UTC October 28, the time of Louisiana landfall.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Eric Blake; Robbie Berg; Andrew Hagen (May 10, 2021). "Hurricane Zeta" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  2. ↑ "Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Events". NOAA. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
  3. ↑ Stewart, Stacy (October 14, 2020). "Tropical Weather Outlook". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  4. 1 2 Shepherd, Marshall (October 23, 2020). "Zeta May Be Forming In The Caribbean – Why That's Odd (And Not)". Forbes. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  5. ↑ Michael Brennan (October 24, 2020). "Tropical Depression Twenty-Eight Intermediate Advisory Number 1A". National Hurricane Center Miami, Florida. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  6. ↑ Richard Pasch (October 26, 2020). "Tropical Storm Zeta Discussion Number 8". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  7. ↑ Richard Pasch (October 27, 2020). "Tropical Storm Zeta Discussion Number 12". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  8. ↑ Richard Pasch (October 27, 2020). "Tropical Storm Zeta Discussion Number 13". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  9. ↑ Eric Blake (October 28, 2020). "Hurricane Zeta Intermediate Advisory Number 14A". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  10. 1 2 "Central Alabama Impacts from Hurricane Zeta October 28-29, 2020". NWS Weather Forecast Office, Birmingham, Alabama. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  11. 1 2 Hurricane Zeta was a Cat 3 storm — not a Cat 2 — when it hit New Orleans, new NHC report says, NOLA, May 12, 2021
  12. 1 2 John P. Cangialosi (October 29, 2020). "Tropical Storm Zeta Intermediate Advisory Number 18A". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  13. 1 2 Robbie Berg (October 29, 2020). "Post-Tropical Cyclone Zeta Intermediate Advisory Number 20A...Corrected". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  14. ↑ Day, Cindy (November 2, 2020). "WEATHER U: The science behind the snowicane". The Chronicle Herald. Halifax, Nova Scotia. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  15. ↑ Bostotti, Aurora (November 1, 2020). "BBC Weather: Tail-end of Hurricane Zeta sparks 75mph gales as downpours plague UK". Daily Express. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
  16. ↑ Nadine-Wilson Harris (October 24, 2020). "Severe Weather Triggers Flooding, Landslides And Blocked Roads". The Gleaner. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  17. ↑ Cayman Compass Staff (October 25, 2020). "Tropical Storm Zeta to bring more rain, rough seas". Cayman Compass. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  18. ↑ Blake, Eric (October 24, 2020). "Tropical Depression Twenty-eight Forecast Advisory". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  19. ↑ ALEJ, Por; de 2020, RO SANCHEZ27 de Octubre. "Huracán Zeta en el Caribe mexicano". infobae.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  20. ↑ "Hurricane Zeta is ashore in resort zone of Mexico's Yucatan". ABC News. ABC News. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  21. ↑ "Hurricane ZETA Advisory Archive". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  22. ↑ "Storm Prediction Center Tornado Watch 502". www.spc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  23. ↑ "Storm Prediction Center Tornado Watch 503". www.spc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  24. 1 2 "Winter weather advisory issued as parts of Mass. brace for up to 4 inches of snow".
  25. ↑ "State of Emergency-Tropical Storm Zeta" (PDF). gov.louisiana.gov. State of Louisiana. October 26, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  26. ↑ Discher, Emma (October 27, 2020). "As Hurricane Zeta heads towards Louisiana, some parishes order evacuations; see a list". nola.com. NOLA.com. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  27. ↑ "Tulane moves to online teaching, learning Wednesday ahead of Hurricane Zeta". Tulane Today. Tulane University. October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  28. ↑ Cleco (October 27, 2020). "Cleco has secured additional workers to respond to Hurricane Zeta". kalb.com. KALB. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  29. ↑ NPT Staff (October 28, 2020). "Hurricane Zeta Prompts Closures Of More National Park Units On The Gulf Coast". National Parks Traveler. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  30. ↑ "Mississippi governor signs emergency declaration ahead of Zeta". WTVA News. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  31. ↑ Gates, Jimmie E. (October 27, 2020). "Emergency declared in Hattiesburg area in preparation for Tropical Storm Zeta". clarionledger.com. Clarion Ledger. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  32. ↑ WLOX Staff (October 27, 2020). "LIST: Schools announce closures, distance learning ahead of Hurricane Zeta". wlox.com. WLOX. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  33. ↑ Davis Bayou Area Reopens Following Hurricane Zeta, NPS, November 13, 2020
  34. ↑ "Alabama governor issues state of emergency ahead of Zeta". wvtm13.com. WVTM 13. October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  35. ↑ Baldwin EMC (October 27, 2020). "Baldwin EMC prepares for Hurricane Zeta". gulfcoastnewstoday.com. Gulf Coast News Today. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  36. ↑ Brock, Jonathan Stacey, Leigh. "FIRST ALERT: Tropical Storm Warning in effect across Carolinas as Zeta remnants move in". wbtv.com.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  37. ↑ "Double tragedy in Jamaica – Father killed, daughter missing after landslide covers house". Stabroek News. October 24, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  38. ↑ "Tropical Storm Zeta Results in Billion Dollar Damages for Jamaican Gov't". Caribbean National Weekly. October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  39. ↑ Charles, Jacqueline (November 10, 2020). "'We cannot handle anymore,' Jamaica member of parliament says after storms Zeta, Eta". Miami Herald. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  40. ↑ "Fallen Branches Line Flooded Streets as Zeta Hits Playa del Carmen". thechronicle.com.au. The Chronicle. October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  41. ↑ Alcocer, Gabriel (October 27, 2020). "Hurricane warning for New Orleans as Zeta swirls over Mexico". apnews.com. Associated Press. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  42. ↑ Briseño, Rafael (November 5, 2020). "Huracán Zeta dejó daños por 4 millones de pesos en escuelas de Quintana Roo" (in Spanish). Quadratín Quintana Roo. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  43. ↑ "IEM :: Storm Based Warning Polygon Visual Summary". mesonet.agron.iastate.edu. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  44. ↑ Herzmann, Daryl. "IEM :: Storm Based Warning Polygon Visual Summary". mesonet.agron.iastate.edu. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  45. ↑ "Hurricane Zeta Recap". Weather Underground. October 30, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
  46. 1 2 3 Herzmann, Daryl. "IEM :: LSR from NWS LIX". mesonet.agron.iastate.edu. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  47. ↑ "Hurricane ZETA". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  48. 1 2 "Hurricane ZETA". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  49. ↑ "Hurricane ZETA". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  50. 1 2 "Hurricane Zeta Intermediate Advisory Number 17A". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  51. 1 2 Herzmann, Daryl. "IEM :: LSR from NWS LIX". mesonet.agron.iastate.edu. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  52. ↑ Herzmann, Daryl. "IEM :: LSR from NWS LIX". mesonet.agron.iastate.edu. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  53. ↑ Wesner Childs, Ron Brackett (October 28, 2020). "Hurricane Zeta Breaches Louisiana Levee; Nearly 400K Without Power". weather.com. Thee Weather Channel. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  54. ↑ Golembo, Max; Shapiro, Emily; Griffin, Melissa; Pereira, Ivan (October 28, 2020). "1 dead in New Orleans after Hurricane Zeta, a Category 2 storm, makes landfall". Yahoo. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  55. ↑ NOAA. "Meteorological Observations - NOAA Tides & Currents". NOAA. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
  56. ↑ NOAA. "Water Levels - NOAA Tides & Currents". NOAA. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
  57. ↑ Public Information Statement. National Weather Service Raw Text Product (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet, Iowa State University. National Weather Service Jackson, Mississippi. October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  58. ↑ WLOX Staff (October 29, 2020). "Cars underwater at the Golden Nugget Casino". Biloxi, Mississippi: WLOX. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  59. ↑ Preliminary Local Storm Report...Corrected. National Weather Service Raw Text Product (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet, Iowa State University. National Weather Service Jackson, Mississippi. October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  60. ↑ Preliminary Local Storm Report...Corrected. National Weather Service Raw Text Product (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet, Iowa State University. National Weather Service Jackson, Mississippi. October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  61. ↑ Preliminary Local Storm Report...Corrected. National Weather Service Raw Text Product (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet, Iowa State University. National Weather Service Jackson, Mississippi. October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  62. ↑ Preliminary Local Storm Report...Corrected. National Weather Service Raw Text Product (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet, Iowa State University. National Weather Service Jackson, Mississippi. October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  63. ↑ Preliminary Local Storm Report...Corrected. National Weather Service Raw Text Product (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet, Iowa State University. National Weather Service Jackson, Mississippi. October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  64. ↑ WLOX Staff (October 29, 2020). "One death confirmed in South Mississippi from Hurricane Zeta". Biloxi, Mississippi: WLOX. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  65. ↑ "Hurricane Zeta Advisory Number 18". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  66. ↑ "Hurricane Zeta Tropical Cyclone Update". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  67. 1 2 "Hurricane Zeta Tropical Cyclone Update". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  68. ↑ Rice, Doyle (October 29, 2020). "6 dead, millions powerless as Zeta roars across southern, eastern US". USA Today. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  69. ↑ Fisher, Tyson (October 29, 2020). "Hurricane Zeta shuts down highways from Louisiana to North Carolina". Landline Media. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
  70. ↑ "Tropical Storm ZETA". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  71. ↑ WDSU Digital Team (October 29, 2020). "3 deaths reported after landfall of Hurricane Zeta". WDSU. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  72. ↑ FOX 5 Atlanta Digital Team (October 29, 2020). "Zeta leaves at least 3 dead in North Georgia". Fox 5 Atlanta. Retrieved October 29, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  73. ↑ Prince, Chelsea. "Zeta's impact in metro Atlanta: Death, damage, power outages". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  74. ↑ "Emergency Polling Location Changes". Cobb County. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  75. ↑ "ZETA Graphics Archive: Wind Field History Graphic". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  76. ↑ "Tropical Storm Zeta Intermediate Advisory Number 19A". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  77. ↑ "Tropical Storm Zeta Advisory Number 20". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  78. ↑ "Post-Tropical Cyclone ZETA". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  79. ↑ "Coronavirus Coffee Break: First Snowfall in New England". Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  80. ↑ "Who got the most snow in Massachusetts?". masslive. October 30, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  81. ↑ Zeta Brings Snow from New Jersey to Massachusetts, WeatherBoy, October 30, 2020
  82. ↑ "New England Sees First Snow of the Season (PHOTOS) | The Weather Channel – Articles from The Weather Channel | weather.com". The Weather Channel. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  83. ↑ "Snow Shocks Region, Causes Serious Crashes: Patch PM". Worcester, MA Patch. October 30, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  84. ↑ Mackie, Matt (October 31, 2020). "10/31/2020: Frosty Halloween, then another chance for wintry weather!". News 10 Albany. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  85. ↑ "Halloween arrives with blast of cold wintry air, with a rare full moon on the way". Nj.com. October 31, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  86. ↑ "Light snow brings brief taste of winter to northern N.J., while big freeze looms tonight". Nj.com. October 30, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  87. ↑ "Ex-hurricane Bertha" (PDF). Met Office. Met Office. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  88. ↑ "Hydrological Data UK 1986 Yearbook" (PDF). Natural Environment Research Council. British Geological Survey Institute of Hydrology. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  89. ↑ "Hydrological Summary for the United Kingdom - September 2012" (PDF). Natural Environment Research Council. British Geological Survey Institute of Hydrology. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  90. ↑ David Longshore (1998). Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones, New Edition. New York: Facts on File. p. 110. ISBN 9781438118796. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
  91. ↑ Finch, Fiona. "Warning over cost of record rainfall in Lancashire". Lancashire Post. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  92. ↑ "Review of UK weather on 06/10/09". BBC Weather. October 7, 2009. Archived from the original on October 11, 2009. Retrieved October 7, 2009.
  93. ↑ "September 2006 UK Review". United Kingdom Met Office. 2006. Archived from the original on October 2, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
  94. ↑ "Top UK wind speeds as Gonzalo's remnants felt". Met Office Blog. Met Office. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  95. ↑ Laura Harding (August 27, 2009). "More rain expected in parts of UK". The Independent. Retrieved November 19, 2009.
  96. ↑ "Tropical storm brings floods". Westmorland Gazette. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  97. ↑ Binns, Hannah (November 2, 2020). "Farmers share images of flooded farmland after Storm Aiden ravages UK". Farmers Guardian. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
  98. 1 2 3 4 Evans, Owen (November 2, 2020). "Pictures show the aftermath of ex-Hurricane Zeta as flood alerts remain in place across North Wales". Daily Post. North Wales Live. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
  99. ↑ Evans, Owen (November 2, 2020). "LIVE: Homes flooded and roads shut after ex-Hurricane Zeta brings torrential rain". Daily Post. North Wales Live. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
  100. ↑ "Pilots struggle to land in Hurricane Zeta crosswinds at UK's Birmingham Airport". Newsflare (Yahoo!). Newsflare. November 2, 2020. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
  101. ↑ Magill, Keith (May 13, 2021). "Hurricane Zeta upgraded from Category 2 to 3 in new post-storm report". The Houma Courier. Houma, Louisiana: MSN. Staff. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
  102. ↑ "WMO Hurricane Committee retires tropical cyclone names and ends the use of Greek alphabet". Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization. March 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 18, 2023. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Zeta.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.