Josué de Castro
Castro in 1929
Born
Josué Apolônio de Castro

(1908-09-05)5 September 1908
Recife, Brazil
Died24 September 1973(1973-09-24) (aged 65)
Paris, France
Occupation(s)Writer, physician, geographer, public administrator, diplomat, activist

Josué de Castro, born Josué Apolônio de Castro (5 September 1908 – 24 September 1973), was a Brazilian physician, nutritionist, geographer, writer, public administrator, and activist against world hunger.

His book Geopolitics of Hunger was granted The Franklin D. Roosevelt Foundation Award, in 1952. Two years later, he received the International Peace Prize.

Castro was born in Recife. He taught at the University of Brazil (today's UFRJ) and was chairman of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).[1] He was also a member of the Brazilian parliament and a diplomat. His political rights came to an end with the military coup of 1964, when he moved to France. For many years he was president of the Association Médicale Internationale pour l’Etude des Conditions de Vie et de Santé (The International Medical Association for the Study of the Conditions of Life and Health) and member of other international organizations. He taught at Paris 8 University until his death in Paris.

Main works

The Geography of Hunger

Ground-breaking ecological work about the political issue of hunger in Brazil. Published in 1946, the book emphasizes the socio-economic backgrounds of the biological manifestation of hunger and condemns the physical determinism.[2]

The Geopolitics of Hunger

Originally published in the U.S. with the title "The Geography of Hunger" in 1952, translated into 26 languages, is one of the classic works on food and population. His themes are very much the opposite of those sounded by the neo-Malthusians. He does not believe that hunger is the "natural result of overpopulation," but is rather a man-made phenomenon. Even more, he undertakes to demonstrate that hunger, rather than being the result of overpopulation, is the cause of it. The work presented new formulations for underdevelopment, and was granted with The Franklin D. Roosevelt Foundation Award.[3]

Death in the Northeast

A book that aims to strike the interest for the Northeast Brazilian people's situation. Written before military coup of 1964, and published during the military dictatorship, it clarifies the political turmoil and explosive tensions around the Brazilian agrarian system, established by feudalist Portuguese colonizers.[4]

Of Men and Crabs

Exiled at Paris, he wrote about the scene of his childhood.

Global policy

He was one of the signatories of the agreement to convene a convention for drafting a world constitution.[5][6] As a result, for the first time in human history, a World Constituent Assembly convened to draft and adopt the Constitution for the Federation of Earth.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Andrade, Manuel Correia de. "Josué de Castro: o homem, o cientista e seu tempo". Estudos Avançados (in Portuguese). 11: 169–194. doi:10.1590/S0103-40141997000100009. ISSN 0103-4014.
  2. ↑ CASTRO, Josué de. Geografia da fome. Rio de Janeiro: O Cruzeiro, 1946.
  3. ↑ CASTRO, Josué de. Geopolítica da fome. Rio de Janeiro: Casa do Estudante do Brasil, 1951.
  4. ↑ CASTRO, Josué de. Sete palmos de terra e um caixão. S. Paulo: Brasiliense, 1965.
  5. ↑ "Letters from Thane Read asking Helen Keller to sign the World Constitution for world peace. 1961". Helen Keller Archive. American Foundation for the Blind. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  6. ↑ "Letter from World Constitution Coordinating Committee to Helen, enclosing current materials". Helen Keller Archive. American Foundation for the Blind. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
  7. ↑ "Preparing earth constitution | Global Strategies & Solutions | The Encyclopedia of World Problems". The Encyclopedia of World Problems | Union of International Associations (UIA). Retrieved 2023-07-15.
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