Katz Drug Store sit-in
Part of the Civil Rights Movement
DateAugust 19-21, 1958
Location
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Caused by
Resulted inDesegregation of Katz Drug Stores
Expansion of sit-ins throughout Oklahoma City lunch counters, businesses, and public spaces for next six years[1]
Lead figures

The Katz Drug Store sit-in was one of the first sit-ins during the civil rights movement, occurring between August 19 and August 21, 1958, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. In protest of racial discrimination, black schoolchildren sat at a lunch counter with their teacher demanding food, refusing to leave until they were served. They sought to end the racial segregation of eating places in their city, sparking a sit-in movement in Oklahoma City that lasted for years.

Event

In 1958, even though the "separate but equal" doctrine of Jim Crow Laws had been overturned, racial discrimination was still commonplace and restricted blacks from sharing many public spaces with whites.[2] Black people had to drink from colored fountains, ride the back of buses, and were given their dinners in bags to eat outside of the restaurant. Clara Luper, a black high school teacher in Oklahoma City, was a civil rights activist and the advisor for the Youth Council of the Oklahoma City NAACP.[3] Luper took a trip with her students to New York City to put on the play "Brother President,"[4] where they witnessed Black people living in a desegregated environment. They experienced integrated restaurants and other freedoms that Black people in Oklahoma City had not been accustomed to.[5] After their return to Oklahoma, Luper’s daughter Marilyn asked, "Why didn't I just go in and ask for a Coca-Cola and a hamburger?" in reference to the Katz Drug Store. This prompted Luper to stage a sit-in with thirteen of her Black students. Along with Clara Luper, the participants of the sit-in were Marilyn Luper, Calvin Luper, Portwood Williams, Jr., Donda West (future mother of Kanye West), Richard Brown, Barbara Posey, Alma Faye Washington, Areda Tollivar Spinks, Elmer Edwards, Lynzetta Jones Carter, Gwendolyn Fuller Mukes, Lana Pogue, Linda Pogue, and Betty Germany. Before the event, Luper gathered the students to teach them about the principles of civil disobedience and to train them on how to react to opposition. After their preparation, the first day of the sit-in began on August 19, 1958, when Clara Luper and the children sat down at the counter of the Katz Drug Store and ordered thirteen cokes. They were refused service, but they stayed at the counter for hours[2] while whites kicked them, punched them, spat at them, and poured things on them.[6] They returned for two more days; on the third day of their protest, one of the employees served them their food, ending segregation in the restaurant.[5]

Results

Katz Drug Stores would end their segregation policy as a result of the sit-in.[7][8] The sit-in also sparked a series of sit-ins throughout Downtown Oklahoma City's restaurants.[2] Similar protests occurred throughout the city until 1964,[1] when Oklahoma City passed an ordinance forbidding restaurants from refusing service or facilities to anyone based on race, religion, color, sex, or national origin.[6] Similar sit-in movements were held across the country, most notably the Greensboro sit-ins and Nashville sit-ins in 1960, which gained national attention. One month after Oklahoma City's ordinance was put into place, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, which illegalized discrimination across the country.[9]

References

  1. 1 2 Smith-Estrada, Carmen (December 9, 2011). "Oklahoma City African Americans sit-in for integration, 1958-64". Swarthmore College. Retrieved April 27, 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 Walker, Devona. "50 Years Ago, Children Helped Change Nation When They Sat Down." Oklahoman.com, Oklahoman, 20 Aug. 2008, https://www.oklahoman.com/article/3285497/50- years-ago-children-helped-change-nation-when-they-sat-down.
  3. ↑ "| The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture". Oklahoma Historical Society | OHS. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
  4. ↑ "Clara's Story - Clara Luper Legacy Committee".
  5. 1 2 Wendler, Emily. "60 Years Later: Two Women Remember a Teacher and Lesson That Fueled a Movement." KOSU, https://www.kosu.org/post/60-years-later-two-women-remember- teacher-and-lesson-fueled-movement.
  6. 1 2 Fredrickson, Kyle. "Oklahoma's Civil Rights History: How Did We Get Here?" NewsOK.com, https://www.oklahoman.com/special/article/4983712/oklahomas-civil-rights- history-how-did- we-get-here.
  7. ↑ "60 Years Later, Oklahoma's Sit-In Movement is Remembered". The Oklahoman. August 12, 2018.
  8. ↑ "Clara Luper's daughter shares history of the Katz Drug Store Sit-In". August 15, 2018. Retrieved April 27, 2023.
  9. ↑ "Civil Rights Act of 1964 (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
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