Ganzibra
Negm bar Zahroon
TitleGanzibra
Personal
Born1892
Huwaiza, Qajar Iran
Died1976
Qal'at Saleh, Iraq
ReligionMandaeism
ChildrenRabbi Abdullah bar Negm
CitizenshipIraqi
Known forProcuring and copying Drower Collection manuscripts
Other namesAdam Negm bar Zakia Zihrun
OccupationMandaean priest
RelativesAbdullah Khaffagi (cousin)
Ram Zihrun (grandfather)
Rafid al-Sabti (grandson)

Rabbi Negm bar Zahroon (baptismal name: Adam Negm bar Zakia Zihrun ࡀࡃࡀࡌ ࡍࡉࡂࡌ ࡁࡓ ࡆࡀࡊࡉࡀ ࡆࡉࡄࡓࡅࡍ; Arabic: الشيخ نجم ابن زهرون; born 1892, Huwaiza; died 1976, Qal'at Saleh District) was a Mandaean priest. He is primarily known as E. S. Drower's main field consultant who helped her procure dozens of Mandaic texts, now kept in the Bodleian Library's Drower Collection.[1]: 156 

Names

He is often known simply as Sheikh Negm or Sheikh Nejm in E. S. Drower's writings. His Mandaean baptismal name is Adam Negm bar Zakia Zihrun bar Ram Zihrun (or also Negm bar Zihrun ࡍࡉࡂࡌ ࡁࡓ ࡆࡉࡄࡓࡅࡍ). In his letters to Drower, he refers to himself as Sheikh Negm, son of Sheikh Zahroon.[2]

Life

Sheikh Negm was born in Huwaiza in 1892 into the Khaffagi (written Mandaic: Kupašia) clan.[2]: 117  He lived in Khorramshahr during his early youth. He later moved to Liṭlaṭa, Qal'at Saleh in 1914, where he was initiated as a tarmida. He became acquainted with E. S. Drower sometime before 1933, with whom he had a lifelong collaboration.[2]: 106  He helped Drower obtain many of the Mandaic manuscripts in the Drower Collection, typically by serving as an agent to help purchase them, but at times also copied some of Mandaic texts himself. Drower Mss. 2, 4, 15, 22, 23, 28-32, 34, 35, 38-41, 43, 44, and others were obtained via the assistance of Sheikh Negm.[2]

In 1920, he was initiated as a tarmida (junior priest) by two ganzibras from the Manduia clan, namely Sheikh Damouk (baptismal name: Mhatam Yuhana bar Yahya Sam), who is Lamea Abbas Amara's great-grandfather), and by Sheikh Sahan (an uncle of Sheikh Sam, the great-grandfather of Sinan Abdullah of Niskayuna, New York). In 1947, he was ordained as a ganzibra (senior priest).[2]: 116  That same year, Sheikh Negm initiated his son Abdullah as a tarmida. Abdullah later married Sheikh Abdullah Khaffagi's daughter Šarat (Sharat) from Ahvaz.[2]: 113 

From 2 February 1936 to 1 February 1950, Sheikh Negm wrote letters to Drower mostly while she resided in Baghdad (with a few letters also sent to England), using seven different scribes who could write in English. A few letters were also written in Modern Mandaic (colloquial Mandaic). Many of Sheikh Negm's letters date to 1939.[2]: 106–107 

Sheikh Negm died in 1976.[2]: 116 

Family

Negm bar Zahroon's father and Abdullah Khaffagi's father are both the sons of Ram Zihrun, one of the survivors of the 1831 cholera epidemic that nearly wiped out the Mandaean priesthood.[1]: 157  Yahya Bihram was Sheikh Negm's grandfather's cousin and brother-in-law.[2]: 119 

His son, Sheikh Abdullah of Baghdad, was a rishama[3] who later emigrated to the United Kingdom, and died in the Netherlands in 2009.[4][5] Sheikh Abdullah bar Negm was known for initiating Sheikh Haithem (now known as Brikha Nasoraia, a ganzibra and professor living in Sydney, Australia) into the priesthood in Iraq. Rafid al-Sabti, a tarmida currently residing in Nijmegen, Netherlands, is the son of Sheikh Abdullah, and is hence also Sheikh Negm's grandson.[2]: 118 

Negm bar Zahroon's nephew Abdelelah Khalaf al-Sebahi, who was educated in Moscow when Iraq had close ties with the USSR, currently lives in Denmark.[6]: xxix 

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515385-5. OCLC 65198443.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2010). The great stem of souls: reconstructing Mandaean history. Piscataway, N.J: Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-59333-621-9.
  3. ↑ "الريشما عبدالله الكنزبرا نجم الكنزبرا زهرون .. الأب الروحي الأعلى للصابئة المندائيين" (in Arabic). البعد الخامس. 2020-11-09. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
  4. ↑ "Tarmida Khaldoon Majid Abdullah: July 2016, Chapter 2". The Worlds of Mandaean Priests. 2016-07-01. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
  5. ↑ "Tarmida Khaldoon Majid Abdulla: Chapter 2 V1". The Worlds of Mandaean Priests. Retrieved 2023-09-27 – via YouTube.
  6. ↑ Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2023). 1800 Years of Encounters with Mandaeans. Gorgias Mandaean Studies. Vol. 5. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-4632-4132-2. ISSN 1935-441X.
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