The First Mexican Empire, established in 1821, with Agustín de Iturbide proclaimed as Emperor in 1822, was abolished in 1823.[1]

In 1863, the Second Mexican Empire was established after a plebiscite that confirmed the latest proclamation of the empire. Archduke Maximilian of Austria consented to accept the Imperial Crown of Mexico in October 1863[2] and officially on 10 April 1864 under the regnal name of Maximilian I of Mexico.[3] Maximilian and his wife Carlota, having no issue of their own, adopted two of Agustín de Iturbide's grandsons, Agustín de Iturbide y Green and Salvador de Iturbide y de Marzán, who were granted each the (non-hereditary[4]) title Prince de Iturbide with the style of Highness by an imperial decree of 16 September 1865, and were ranked next in line after the reigning family.[4] However, Maximilian never intended to give the crown to the Iturbides[5] (like Napoléon I did with his stepson Eugène de Beauharnais) and it was all a charade directed at his brother Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria, as Maximilian explained himself that "either Karl Ludwig would give him one of his sons as an heir, or else he would bequeath everything to his Iturbide adopted children" as a last resort.[5]

Upon the abolition of the Second Mexican Empire and the execution of Emperor Maximilian I in 1867, pretense to the Mexican Crown passed to and was self-assumed by the said adopted heirs.

The current pretender to the Mexican throne, in right of both the First and Second Empires, is Count Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide, great-grandson of Salvador de Iturbide y de Marzán.[6][7]

Currently, the heir to the throne of Mexico in the House of Habsburg is Archduke Carl Philip of Habsburg great-grandson of Maximilian I of Mexico born in Mexico, This would have the right in the second based on the inheritance of Karl Ludwig.[8]

List of claimants to the Mexican throne

Claimant Portrait Birth Marriages Death Claim
Agustín I
1823–1824
(Constitutional Emperor of Mexico 1822–1823)		 27 September 1783, Valladolid
son of José Joaquín de Iturbide
and María Josefa de Arámburu		 Ana María Huarte
27 February 1805
10 children		 19 July 1824
Padilla
aged 40		 Proclaimed Constitutional Emperor of Mexico on May 19, 1822 [1][6]
Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte
(Agustín II)
1824–1864		 30 September 1807, Valladolid
son of Agustín I
and Ana María Huarte		 Unmarried 11 December 1866
New York
aged 59		 Son of Agustín I, Voluntarily surrendered claim in favor of Maximiliano I [6]
Maximiliano I
(Emperor of Mexico 1864–1867)		 6 July 1832, Vienna
son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria
and Princess Sophie of Bavaria		 Charlotte of Belgium
27 July 1857
No children		 19 June 1867
Querétaro City
aged 34		 Proclaimed Emperor of Mexico on June 10, 1864
Agustín de Iturbide y Green
(Agustín III)
1867–1925		 2 April 1863, Mexico City
son of Ángel de Iturbide y Huarte
and Alice Green Forrest		  • Lucy Eleanor Jackson
1894
No children
 • Mary Louise Kearney
1915
No children		 3 March 1925
Washington, D.C.
aged 61		 Grandson of Agustín I, Adopted Son of Maximiliano I [6]
María Josepha Sophia de Iturbide
(María I)
1925–1949		 29 February 1872, Mikosdpuszta
daughter of Salvador de Iturbide y Marzán
and Baroness Gizella Mikos		  • Baron Johann Tunkl von Aschbrunn und Hohenstadt
12 March 1908
2 daughters
 • Charles de Carriere
14 April 1923
No children		 November 1949
Deva
aged 77		 Great Granddaughter of Agustín I, Adopted Granddaughter of Maximiliano I [6]
María Ana Tunkl-Iturbide
(María II)
1949–1962		 4 August 1909
Temesvár
daughter of María Josepha Sophia de Iturbide
and Johann Tunkl von Aschbrunn und Hohenstadt		 No children 1962
aged 52 or 53		 Daughter of María I [6]
María Gisela Tunkl-Iturbide
(María III)
1962–1981		 2 October 1912
Temesvár
daughter of María Josepha Sophia de Iturbide
and Johann Tunkl von Aschbrunn und Hohenstadt		  • Gustav Adolf von Götzen
8 June 1940
2 children
 • Ottavio Stefano della Porta
15 August 1959
No children		 27 January 1981
Sydney
aged 68		 Daughter of María I, Sister of María II [6]
Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide
(Maximiliano II)
1981–present		 2 March 1944
Beszterce
son of María Gisela Tunkl-Iturbide
and Gustav Adolf von Götzen		 Maria Anna de Francecshi
22 September 1990
2 children		 Son of María III [6][7]
Carlos Felipe de Habsburgo

(Carlos I)

2011-present

 18 October 1954, Mexico City
son of Felix of Austria and Anna-Eugénie of Arenberg		 Annie-Claire Lacrambe

12 May 1998

2 chilidren

 Great-great-grandson of Maximilian I


See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Primer Imperio Mexicano". La Guía. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
  2. ↑ Leigh, Phil (4 October 2013). "Maximilian in Mexico".
  3. ↑ McAllen, M.M. (April 2015). A Lurid Grandeur. Maximilian & Carlota of Mexico. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-59534-263-8.
  4. 1 2 Decreto Imperial del 16 de Septiembre de 1865  (in Spanish) – via Wikisource.
  5. 1 2 José Manuel Villalpando, Alejandro Rosas (2011), Presidentes de México, Grupo Planeta Spain, pp. are not numbered, ISBN 9786070707582
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "The Genealogy of the House of Iturbide". Imperial House of Mexico. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
  7. 1 2 "Don Maximiliano". Imperial House of Mexico. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
  8. ↑ "#YoMaximiliano: La entrevista con Carlos Felipe de Hasburgo". sdpnoticias. 2017-06-26. Retrieved 2023-12-21.
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