The Honourable
Rona Ambrose
PC
Ambrose in 2014
Leader of the Opposition
In office
November 5, 2015 – May 27, 2017
Monarch
Preceded byTom Mulcair
Succeeded byAndrew Scheer
Interim Leader of the Conservative Party of Canada
In office
November 5, 2015 – May 27, 2017
DeputyDenis Lebel
Preceded byStephen Harper
Succeeded byAndrew Scheer
Minister of Health
In office
July 15, 2013 – November 4, 2015
Prime MinisterStephen Harper
Preceded byLeona Aglukkaq
Succeeded byJane Philpott
Minister of Public Works and Government Services
In office
January 19, 2010 – July 15, 2013
Prime MinisterStephen Harper
Preceded byChristian Paradis
Succeeded byDiane Finley
Minister of Western Economic Diversification
In office
November 5, 2010 – May 18, 2011
Prime MinisterStephen Harper
Preceded byJim Prentice
Succeeded byLynne Yelich
In office
January 4, 2007 – October 29, 2008
Prime MinisterStephen Harper
Preceded byCarol Skelton
Succeeded byJim Prentice
Minister of Labour
In office
October 30, 2008 – January 19, 2010
Prime MinisterStephen Harper
Preceded byJean-Pierre Blackburn
Succeeded byLisa Raitt
Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs
In office
January 4, 2007 – October 30, 2008
Prime MinisterStephen Harper
Preceded byPeter Van Loan
Succeeded byJosée Verner
President of the Privy Council
In office
January 4, 2007 – October 30, 2008
Prime MinisterStephen Harper
Preceded byPeter Van Loan
Succeeded byJosée Verner
Minister of the Environment
In office
February 6, 2006 – January 3, 2007
Prime MinisterStephen Harper
Preceded byStéphane Dion
Succeeded byJohn Baird
Member of Parliament
for Sturgeon River—Parkland
(Edmonton—Spruce Grove; 2004–2015)
In office
June 28, 2004 – July 4, 2017
Preceded byConstituency established
Succeeded byDane Lloyd
Personal details
Born
Ronalee Chapchuk

(1969-03-15) March 15, 1969
Valleyview, Alberta, Canada
Political partyConservative
Spouses
Bruce Ambrose
​
​
(m. 1994; div. 2011)​
    J. P. Veitch
    ​
    (m. 2015)​
    [1]
    EducationUniversity of Victoria (BA)
    University of Alberta (MA)

    Ronalee Ambrose Veitch[2] PC (/ˈrɒnə ˈæmbroʊz/ RAW-nə AM-brohz,[3] née Chapchuk; born March 15, 1969) is a Canadian former politician who was interim leader of the Conservative Party and the leader of the Opposition between 2015 and 2017.[4] She was the Conservative Party member of the House of Commons for Sturgeon River—Parkland between 2015 and 2017, and had previously represented Edmonton—Spruce Grove from 2004 to 2015.

    In her first term as an Opposition MP, she was the Conservative Party's Intergovernmental Affairs critic. Ambrose also served as vice-chair of the Treasury Board and has held multiple cabinet positions as Canada's Minister of Health, Minister of the Environment, Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs, Minister of Western Economic Diversification, Minister of Labour, Minister of Public Works and Government Services, and Minister of Status of Women. She was President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada. She is also a former communication consultant and public policy consultant for the Alberta government.

    In May 2017, she announced her retirement from federal politics to take effect during the summer. The next day, she was named a visiting fellow by the Canada Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.[5][6][7] She retired in July 2017, stating that she hoped she was "able to inspire women to consider public service."[8]

    In August 2017, Justin Trudeau's Liberal government appointed Ambrose to a 13-member NAFTA advisory council that would provide opinion and feedback on the negotiations with the United States and Mexico.[9][10][11]

    Early life and education

    Ambrose was born Ronalee Chapchuk in Valleyview, Alberta, as the daughter of Colleen (née Clark) and James Chapchuk.[12][13][14] She grew up in both Brazil and Parkland County, Alberta. In addition to English, she also speaks Portuguese and Spanish.[15] Ambrose has a Bachelor of Arts in women's and gender studies from the University of Victoria and a Master of Arts degree in political science from the University of Alberta.[15]

    Political views

    Ambrose is a feminist.[16][17][18][19][20][21] Prior to her work in Canadian federal politics, Ambrose's community service included involvement with organizations working to end violence against women, including the Status of Women Action Group, the Victoria Sexual Assault and Sexual Abuse Crisis Centre, and the Edmonton Women's Shelter.[22]

    Ambrose also calls herself a libertarian and is a fan of Ayn Rand novels such as Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead.[23] She was a member of the Trilateral Commission, an organization dedicated to closer cooperation between Europe, North America, and Japan.[24]

    Political career

    Ambrose was first elected to Parliament in the 2004 federal election for the newly created riding of Edmonton-Spruce Grove in west Edmonton.

    On February 16, 2005, she made headlines after making a remark in Parliament directed at Liberal Social Development Minister Ken Dryden in reference to the Liberal national child care plan: "working women want to make their own choices, we don't need old white guys telling us what to do".[25]

    Environment Minister

    In 2006 elections, Ambrose successfully defended her seat in Edmonton–Spruce Grove with 66.8% of the vote in the riding. She was then appointed Environment Minister in Prime Minister Stephen Harper's minority government. Ambrose's appointment to cabinet made her the youngest woman appointed to cabinet at the time.[26]

    On April 7, 2006, Ambrose announced that Canada had no chance of meeting its targets under the Kyoto Protocol and must set more realistic goals for cutting greenhouse gases. "My departmental officials and the department officials from natural resources have indicated that it is impossible, impossible for Canada to reach its Kyoto target. And let me be clear. I have been engaging with our international counterparts over the past month, and we are not the only country that is finding itself in this situation", said Ambrose.[27]

    On April 13, 2006, Ambrose stopped an Environment Canada scientist, Mark Tushingham, from speaking at the launch of his science fiction novel, Hotter than Hell, set in a dystopian future caused by global warming. Tushingham's publisher and environmentalists believed this was because the book was not in line with the government's views on climate change, but Ambrose's spokesperson said that the speech was billed as coming from an Environment Canada scientist speaking in official capacity and thus out of process.[28][29]

    On April 25, 2006, Ambrose expressed her support of the (now defunct) Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate as an alternate to the Kyoto Protocol, because it includes China and India, two large polluting nations that are not bound by the latter agreement.[30] The APP had voluntary emissions reduction targets and was focused on developing technological solutions to solving climate change.[30]

    In May 2006, Ambrose criticized the previous Liberal government's failure to meet the high targets that they had negotiated at Kyoto, saying, "We would have to pull every truck and car off the street, shut down every train and ground every plane to reach the Kyoto target the Liberals negotiated for Canada."[31][32]

    In June 2006, opposition discontent over Ambrose's actions as environment minister prompted the NDP and the Bloc Québécois to try to table a motion in the Commons environmental committee calling for her resignation.[33] The motion was blocked with the help of the Liberals after the Conservatives said that the motion would be a confidence motion, that if passed would trigger an election in Fall 2006.[33]

    In August 2006 she stated, "I welcome the commitment from British Columbia to preserve and increase the population of Northern Spotted Owls ... It is my opinion that, given the measures they are taking, such as stopping logging in areas currently occupied by the owls, there is no imminent threat to the survival or recovery of the Northern Spotted Owl at this time."[34]

    On October 19, 2006, Ambrose introduced a Clean Air Act that aimed to reduce the level of greenhouse emissions starting in 2020, cutting them to about half of the 2003 levels by 2050. She also introduced other regulations to industries and vehicles as well as a possible cooperation between the federal government and the provinces to create a system that would report air emissions. In an interview with the media, Ambrose denied that the Conservative government had withdrawn from the Kyoto Protocol despite its previous opposition to it. However, industries will have until 2010 before they are expected to reduce emissions, and the government will not have final (and voluntary) targets ready until 2020. Oil companies will have to reduce emissions on a per-barrel basis, reduction proportional to production basis.[35][36]

    Ambrose attended the November 2006 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Nairobi, Kenya.[26]

    A few weeks before Ambrose was shuffled out from the environment portfolio, she told a parliamentary committee that Canada had paid its debts under the Kyoto Protocol only to have an Environment Canada official point out that the bill was still unpaid.[37]

    Western Economic Diversification and Intergovernmental Affairs

    News stories began to appear in late 2006 of a possible Cabinet shuffle that included shifting Ambrose from her environment portfolio. As part of the January 4, 2007 cabinet shuffle, Ambrose was replaced as Environment Minister by John Baird and became Minister of Western Economic Diversification, Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs and President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada.

    Minister of Labour and Minister of Public Works and Government Services

    After winning reelection in the 2008 election, Ambrose was appointed Labour Minister on October 30, 2008.[38] On January 19, 2010, Ambrose succeeded Christian Paradis and was appointed as the new Minister of Public Works and Government Services where she introduced a major project to improve the way the government administers its pay and pension systems and "which will modernize service, introduce efficiencies, and improve our stewardship responsibilities in those areas."[39] That system was to be the Phoenix Pay System.[40]

    Minister responsible for the Status of Women

    On April 9, 2010, Ambrose was also named Minister responsible for the Status of Women after Helena Guergis was dismissed from Cabinet.

    The International Day of the Girl Child was formally proposed as a resolution by Canada in the United Nations General Assembly. Rona Ambrose, Canada's Minister for the Status of Women, sponsored the resolution; a delegation of women and girls made presentations in support of the initiative at the 55th United Nations Commission on the Status of Women. On December 19, 2011, the United Nations General Assembly voted to pass a resolution adopting October 11, 2012, as the inaugural International Day of the Girl Child.[41]

    On September 26, 2012, Ambrose voted in favour of Motion 312, a motion by Conservative MP Stephen Woodworth that would have directed a Commons committee to revisit the section of the Criminal Code defining at what point human life begins. Viewing the motion as an attempt to re-open debate on abortion laws, Canadian pro-choice groups and Commons opposition parties considered her vote inconsistent with her ministerial role[42][43] and prompted a call for her resignation. The motion was eventually voted down.[44] Ambrose responded to her critics, stating her concern of discrimination against girls that is made possible by sex-selection abortion.[42][43] Pro-Life groups praised Ambrose for supporting the Motion.[45]

    Minister of Health

    Ambrose at a Trilateral with Mercedes Juan López and Kathleen Sebelius in 2014

    In July 2013, Stephen Harper appointed Rona Ambrose as Minister of Health and kept her as Minister of Western Economic Diversification.[46]

    While she was an MP, Ambrose worked closely with Nadia Murad, a Yazidi refugee and Nobel Peace Prize winner, in pushing the House of Commons to label the persecution of Yazidis a genocide. She also led the fight for a Canadian refugee program to bring Yazidi women and girls who have been sexually enslaved by ISIS to safety in Canada, which resulted in the rescue of over 1000 women and girls.[47]

    On June 11, 2015, she made headlines for being "outraged" that (in a unanimous decision) the Supreme Court of Canada expanded the definition of what constituted medical marijuana to include oils, teas, brownies, etc. from its previous limitation to dried leaves, arguing "Marijuana has never gone through the regulatory approval process at Health Canada, which requires rigorous safety reviews and clinical trials with scientific evidence".[48]

    When asked why the testing has not been done when people are taking medical marijuana every day, she responded, "It is not my job as Minister. If there is clinical evidence and a company decided ... to submit it to the regulatory approval process, it would be looked at. That has never happened."[49]

    Leader of the Opposition

    Stephen Harper resigned as Conservative party leader after the party was defeated by the Liberals in the 2015 election. Ambrose, who was elected in the new riding of Sturgeon River-Parkland—essentially the suburban portion of her old riding–announced that she would run for the interim leadership of the Conservative Party. She was elected to that post on November 5, 2015—becoming the third woman to hold the post.[50]

    Ambrose was the third female leader of Canada's major centre-right party. The first was former Prime Minister Kim Campbell[51] who led Canada's now defunct Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, and the second was Deborah Grey, of the former Canadian Alliance. She is also the third woman to be Opposition Leader, after Grey and the NDP's Nycole Turmel. All three of them served in an interim capacity. Under the party constitution, as interim leader she was not eligible to run for the leadership at the subsequent Conservative Party of Canada leadership election.

    On November 13, 2015, Ambrose responded to the terrorist attacks in Paris committed by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Ambrose stated, "The fight against ISIS (ISIL) requires a strong humanitarian response, but also a military response ... It's important that we remain resolute and support our allies."[52][53][54]

    Ambrose supports an inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous women.[55]

    In February 2017, while still a sitting MP, Ambrose introduced Private Member's Bill C-337, An Act to amend the Judges Act and the Criminal Code, also known as the JUST Act. If passed, this bill would require judges in Canada to undergo training on sexual assault law, involving education on rape myths, stereotypes about victims, and the impact of trauma on memory.[56] The JUST Act gained widespread support from experts and victim advocacy groups and was subsequently passed unanimously by the House of Commons. However, the bill did not pass third reading in the Senate, as the Senate rose for Summer 2019 without voting on the JUST Act, resulting in expiration on the order paper, as the order paper is wiped clean for the October 2019 federal election.[57]

    Resignation from Parliament

    In May 2017, Ambrose announced to her caucus that she would leave federal politics at the end of the spring session of Parliament, in June 2017, several weeks after her successor as Conservative leader is chosen.[58][59] Her seat was held for the Conservatives by Dane Lloyd who won the by-election.[60]

    Post resignation

    Ambrose has stated that though she supports the merger of the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta and the Wildrose Party, she will not be a candidate for the leadership of the proposed new United Conservative Party of Alberta.[61]

    She joined the Canada Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, a Washington, D.C. based think tank, as a visiting fellow focused on Canadian–American trade and to lead the organization's campaign to educate officials in both countries about the benefits of an integrated North American economy.[62]

    She was also appointed a member of the NAFTA advisory council set up by the Trudeau Liberal government in August 2017.[9]

    In 2018, Rona Ambrose and Laureen Harper, wife of former Canadian prime minister Stephen Harper, launched the She Leads Foundation. She Leads is a non-profit organization based in Alberta focused on encouraging women to run for office and participate in public life.[63] Alongside UN Women, Ambrose assisted in the launch of SHEInnovates Alberta, a campaign providing tools necessary to encourage women to seek leadership positions and innovation.[64]

    In May 2020, it was announced that Rona Ambrose had joined the board of directors of the e-cigarette company Juul.[65][66]

    Following Andrew Scheer's resignation after the Conservative loss in the 2019 Canadian federal election, Ambrose faced pressure from many prominent Conservatives to run for party leader in the 2020 leadership race.[67] Ambrose announced she would not run for party leader in January 2020, during a Facebook live stream in the Alberta mountains.[68]

    Personal life

    Ambrose is married to J.P. Veitch, a private investment businessman and former rodeo bull rider.[26] She was previously married to Bruce Ambrose from 1994 to 2011.[69][70]

    Honours

    Scholastic

    Chancellor, visitor, governor, rector and fellowships
    Location Date School Position
     Alberta2020 – PresentThe School of Public Policy at the University of CalgaryDistinguished Policy Fellow[73]

    Memberships and fellowships

    Country Date Organisation Position
     District of Columbia16 May 2017 – PresentThe Canada Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for ScholarsVisiting Global Fellow[74]

    Electoral record

    2015 Canadian federal election: Sturgeon River—Parkland
    Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
    ConservativeRona Ambrose43,22070.23−7.26$98,166.59
    LiberalTravis Dueck9,58615.58+10.11$258.78
    New DemocraticGuy Desforges6,16610.02−2.95$7,730.56
    GreenBrendon Greene1,8753.05−0.95$3,593.60
    Christian HeritageErnest Chauvet6901.12–$10,477.93
    Total valid votes/Expense limit 61,537100.00 $222,470.71
    Total rejected ballots 1570.25–
    Turnout 61,69470.91–
    Eligible voters 86,994
    Conservative hold Swing −8.68
    Source: Elections Canada[75][76]
    2011 Canadian federal election: Edmonton—Spruce Grove
    Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
    ConservativeRona Ambrose41,78271.10+2.56$88,882
    New DemocraticCatherine Chaulk-Stokes9,27215.78+3.30$50
    LiberalChris Austin5,4839.33−2.17$9,593
    GreenJosh Lund2,2323.80−3.68$0
    Total valid votes/Expense limit 58,769100.00
    Total rejected ballots 146 0.25+0.08
    Turnout 58,915 56.53+3.01
    Eligible voters 104,226––
    2008 Canadian federal election: Edmonton—Spruce Grove
    Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
    ConservativeRona Ambrose36,40268.54+1.71$94,219
    New DemocraticBarbara Phillips6,62712.48+2.00$10,939
    LiberalChris Austin6,09911.50−5.33$20,611
    GreenWendy Walker3,9757.48+1.62
    Total valid votes/Expense limit 53,103100.00 $97,141
    Total rejected ballots 910.17−0.02
    Turnout 53,194 53.52−9.93
    Conservative hold Swing −0.1
    2006 Canadian federal election: Edmonton—Spruce Grove
    Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
    ConservativeRona Ambrose38,82666.83+6.43$67,100
    LiberalBrad Enge9,77616.83−8.74$17,620
    New DemocraticJason Rockwell6,09110.48+1.56$5,315
    GreenJohn Lackey3,4045.86+0.77$2,097
    Total valid votes 58,097100.00
    Total rejected ballots 1090.19−0.02
    Turnout 58,20663.45 +3.12
    2004 Canadian federal election: Edmonton—Spruce Grove
    Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
    ConservativeRona Ambrose30,49760.40–$73,732
    LiberalNeil Mather12,91225.57–$63,512
    New DemocraticHayley Phillips4,5088.92–$2,802
    GreenJerry Paschen2,5725.09–$154
    Total valid votes 50,489100.00
    Total rejected ballots 1060.21
    Turnout 50,59560.33

    References

    1. ↑ Stone, Laura (February 9, 2017). "Rona Ambrose denies link between federal funding and spouse's billionaire friend". The Globe and Mail.
    2. ↑ "Rona Ambrose Veitch (@ronaambrose)". Instagram. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
    3. ↑ "Rona Ambrose, interim Tory leader, and what we should know about her". CBC News. November 6, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2016. You are probably mispronouncing her name. It's 'RAW-na' – rhymes with sauna ...
    4. ↑ "Rona Ambrose chosen as interim Conservative leader" CBC News, November 5, 2015.
    5. ↑ "The Canada Institute Names the Honourable Rona Ambrose as Global Fellow | Wilson Center".
    6. ↑ "Interim Conservative leader Rona Ambrose to announce resignation". Staff of the Canadian Press. Global News. May 15, 2017. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
    7. ↑ Levitz, Stephanie (May 16, 2017). "Interim Conservative Leader Rona Ambrose announces retirement from federal politics". Global News.
    8. ↑ Rona Ambrose [@RonaAmbrose] (July 4, 2017). "After 13 years as an MP, I'm excited to embark on new challenges today! I hope I've been able to inspire women to consider public service" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
    9. 1 2 "Liberals tap Rona Ambrose for new NAFTA advisory council". The National Post. August 2, 2017.
    10. ↑ "NAFTA Council members and new diplomatic appointees". Global Affairs Canada. August 2, 2017.
    11. ↑ "Terms of Reference – North American Free Trade Agreement Council". Global Affairs Canada. August 2, 2017.
    12. ↑ http://ukrweekly.com/archive/pdf3/2008/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_2008-44.pdf
    13. ↑ Mitchel Raphael. "Mitchel Raphael on the cabinet minister who loves Elvis". Macleans.ca.
    14. ↑ "Read recent and archived obituaries and memorial notices from Postmedia Obituaries".
    15. 1 2 "Rona Ambrose, interim Tory leader, and what we should know about her". CBC News. November 6, 2015.
    16. ↑ Barbara Kay (September 28, 2012). "Barbara Kay on Rona Ambrose: When the sisterhood attacks its own". The National Post.
    17. ↑ Naomi Lakritz (October 3, 2012). "Feminism should mean thinking for yourself". The Province. Archived from the original on May 1, 2016.
    18. ↑ Malika Bourboun (November 21, 2012). "Women weigh in on Bill M-312, the right to choose, and each other". The Fulcrum. Archived from the original on May 3, 2016.
    19. ↑ "Incredible support for Minister Ambrose!: Libby Davies and Joyce Arthur speak for the minority". WeNeedaLAW.ca. September 28, 2012. Archived from the original on April 16, 2016.
    20. ↑ Althia Raj (December 22, 2015). "Rona Ambrose: Conservatives Must Win Over Young Canadians, Women". The Huffington Post.
    21. ↑ "The Chatelaine Q&A: Opposition leader Rona Ambrose". The Chatelaine. December 6, 2015.
    22. ↑ "Rona Ambrose Bio". RonaAmbrose.com. Archived from the original on September 18, 2014. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
    23. ↑ "Rona Ambrose a promising pick for Harper". CTV.ca. January 20, 2006. Archived from the original on June 4, 2008. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
    24. ↑ "Membership – The Trilateral Commission". trilateral.org. Archived from the original on February 2, 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
    25. ↑ Tory says child-care policy set by 'old white guys' CBC News
    26. 1 2 3 "The many ways Rona Ambrose differs from Stephen Harper". Maclean's. November 6, 2015. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
    27. ↑ "'Impossible' for Canada to reach Kyoto targets: Ambrose". Cbc.ca. April 7, 2006. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
    28. ↑ "Minister stops book talk by Environment Canada scientist". Cbc.ca. April 13, 2006. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
    29. ↑ Austen, Ian (May 1, 2006). "Debate on Global Warming Helps Produce a Brisk Seller". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
    30. 1 2 "CBC News In Depth: Kyoto". www.cbc.ca. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
    31. ↑ McIlroy, Anne (May 15, 2006). "Emission failure". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
    32. ↑ "Kyoto climate change treaty sputters to a sorry end". www.cbc.ca. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
    33. 1 2 Service, CanWest News. "Ambrose dares opposition to force election on climate change". Canada.com. Archived from the original on May 13, 2016. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
    34. ↑ "Federal Environment Minister Supports British Columbia Efforts to Protect the Endangered Northern Spotted Owl". Archived from the original on September 24, 2006. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
    35. ↑ "Clean Air Act receives rocky reception from MPs | CTV News". Ctv.ca. October 20, 2006. Archived from the original on October 21, 2006. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
    36. ↑ "Rien de concret avant 2010 | Politique". Radio-Canada.ca. October 19, 2006. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
    37. ↑ "Canada forks over $1.5 million in green funding for developing countries". Canada.com. December 13, 2007. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
    38. ↑ "Harper shuffles cabinet to create 'right team for these times'". Cbc.ca. October 30, 2008. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
    39. ↑ "Public Works and Government Services Canada Minister's Message". Treasury Board of Canada. November 13, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
    40. ↑ "Phoenix pay system: MPs to hold emergency meeting as thousands still wait for pay". globalnews.ca. July 26, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
    41. ↑ Ambrose, Rona and Rosemary McCarney (December 29, 2011). "International Day of the Girl Child: girls' rights are human rights". Edmonton Journal. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2012.
    42. 1 2 "Status of Women Minister criticized after voting for Woodworth motion". The Globe and Mail. September 27, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
    43. 1 2 "Barbara Kay on Rona Ambrose: When the sisterhood attacks its own". National Post. September 28, 2012. Archived from the original on February 8, 2013. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
    44. ↑ Teitel, Emma. "Macleans.ca - Canada's all or nothing abortion debate The Conservatives didn't want to open debate surrounding Bill M-312. MPs weighed in anyways". Macleans.ca. Retrieved October 4, 2012.
    45. ↑ "Campaign Life Coalition praises all MPs who voted in favour of M-312". Campaign Life Coalition. October 1, 2012. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
    46. ↑ "Harper reveals new cabinet, new faces, but keeps veterans in key roles". CTV News. July 15, 2013. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
    47. ↑ "'Extremely proud': Rona Ambrose on Nadia Murad's Nobel Peace Prize win | CTV News". www.ctvnews.ca. October 5, 2018. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
    48. ↑ "Ambrose 'outraged' by SCC's marijuana ruling". CTV News. June 11, 2015. Retrieved June 12, 2015.
    49. ↑ Geordon Omand and Terry Pedwell (June 11, 2015). "Supreme Court of Canada redefines medical pot". Global News.
    50. ↑ "Rona Ambrose, Mike Lake to run for Conservative interim leadership". Maclean's. The Canadian Press. October 30, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
    51. ↑ "Kim Campbell". Canada History. Archived from the original on May 19, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
    52. ↑ "Conservatives urge government to rethink halt to ISIS airstrikes". CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. November 14, 2015. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
    53. ↑ "Trudeau should rethink his ISIS position: Ambrose". The Globe and Mail. November 14, 2015. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
    54. ↑ "Trudeau should rethink his ISIS position; Ambrose". Reuters Canada. November 14, 2015. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
    55. ↑ "Trudeau must protect Canadian jobs from Trump policies: Rona Ambrose".
    56. ↑ "Rona Ambrose endorses amendments to bill on sexual assault training for Canadian judges". Global News. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
    57. ↑ "Rona Ambrose's sex assault bill is dead — and so is the UNDRIP bill".
    58. ↑ "'It's been an amazing experience': Rona Ambrose set to leave federal politics | CBC News".
    59. ↑ "Interim Conservative leader Rona Ambrose to announce resignation". Global News. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
    60. ↑ "Conservative candidate replaces Rona Ambrose in Sturgeon River-Parkland". edmontonjournal. Retrieved March 20, 2021.
    61. ↑ "Rona Ambrose says proposed PC-Wildrose merger what Alberta needs | CBC News".
    62. ↑ Wingrove, Josh (May 16, 2017). "Ambrose confirms departure, Conservative leader to join Washington think tank". Ottawa Citizen. Bloomberg News. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
    63. ↑ "Laureen Harper, Rona Ambrose throw support behind She Leads Foundation". Retrieved November 20, 2019.
    64. ↑ "UN Women launches SHEInnovates Alberta, first chapter worldwide". News. March 19, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
    65. ↑ "Rona Ambrose, Canada's former health minister, joins e-cigarette company Juul's board of directors". www.cbc.ca/news. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
    66. ↑ "Former health minister Rona Ambrose joins board of e-cigarette company Juul". ctvnews.ca. May 18, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
    67. ↑ Thomson and Platt, Stuart and Brain. "'Rona Watch': Conservative leadership race seized by one question — is Ambrose in or out?". National Post.
    68. ↑ Thibedeau, Hannah. "Rona Ambrose says she won't run for the Conservative leadership". CBC News.
    69. ↑ "globeandmail.com - Canada's Election 2004 - Breaking News". theglobeandmail.com. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
    70. ↑ Julie Smyth (November 20, 2015). "Rona Ambrose gets the key to Stornoway". Macleans.ca. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
    71. ↑ westernstandard (January 2, 2009). "The Shotgun: Western Standard's "Liberty 100" Top 25 for 2008". Westernstandard.blogs.com. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
    72. ↑ "Recipients of Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Medal". Governor General of Canada. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
    73. ↑ "2020 Distinguished Policy Fellows". University of Calgary. December 2, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
    74. ↑ "The Canada Institute Names The Honourable Rona Ambrose as Global Fellow". The Wilson Center. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
    75. ↑ "October 19, 2015 Election Results — Sturgeon River—Parkland (Validated results)". Elections Canada. October 24, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
    76. ↑ Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates
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