The Honourable
Maryam Monsef
PC
مریم منصف
Monsef in 2016
Minister for Women and Gender Equality[lower-alpha 1]
In office
January 10, 2017 – October 26, 2021
Prime MinisterJustin Trudeau
Preceded byPatty Hajdu
Succeeded byMarci Ien
Minister of Rural Economic Development
In office
November 20, 2019 – October 26, 2021
Prime MinisterJustin Trudeau
Preceded byBernadette Jordan
Succeeded byGudie Hutchings
Minister of International Development
In office
March 1, 2019 – November 20, 2019
Prime MinisterJustin Trudeau
Preceded byMarie-Claude Bibeau
Succeeded byKarina Gould
Minister of Democratic Institutions
In office
November 4, 2015 – February 1, 2017
Prime MinisterJustin Trudeau
Preceded byPierre Poilievre
Succeeded byKarina Gould
President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada
In office
November 4, 2015 – January 10, 2017
Prime MinisterJustin Trudeau
Preceded byDenis Lebel
Succeeded byKarina Gould
Member of Parliament
for Peterborough—Kawartha
In office
October 19, 2015 – September 20, 2021
Preceded byDean Del Mastro (2014)
Succeeded byMichelle Ferreri
Personal details
Born
Maryam Monsefzadeh[1]

(1984-11-07) November 7, 1984
Mashhad, Iran
NationalityCanadian
Political partyLiberal
Residence(s)Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
Alma materTrent University

Maryam Monsef PC (Persian: مریم منصف) (born Monsefzadeh;[1] November 7, 1984) is an Afghan Canadian former politician. She first was elected to represent the riding of Peterborough—Kawartha as a Liberal member the House of Commons of Canada from 2015[2] and served until October 2021. A member of the 29th Canadian Ministry, she is the former Minister for Women and Gender Equality (previously known as the Minister of Status of Women), sworn in on January 10, 2017, and Minister of Rural Economic Development, sworn in on November 20, 2019.[3] She was previously the Minister of International Development,[4] until November 20, 2019, and Minister of Democratic Institutions and President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada until January 10, 2017.[5][6] Monsef was defeated in her riding in the 2021 federal election.

Family and education

Monsef was born at the Imam Reza Hospital[lower-alpha 2] in Mashhad, Iran,[7] to Hazara Afghan parents who had fled during the Soviet–Afghan War, and lived with her family there in childhood, together with periods in Herat, Afghanistan, in 1987–1988 and 1993–1996.[8] Because Iran and Afghanistan (before 2000)[9] followed the principle of jus sanguinis in their respective nationality laws, Monsef was born an Afghan citizen.[10] Her father was killed on the Iran–Afghanistan border while travelling in 1988, although it is unknown whether he was killed by bandits or Soviet troops.[8] Her uncle had, years earlier, vanished along with several roommates while attending the University of Kabul, in circumstances suggested to have been connected to anti-communist political activity. The family struggled in Iran[11] because of low economic and social prospects for Afghan migrants,[12] even though they had legal status as "involuntary migrants" (mohajerin) under Iranian rules in effect prior to 1992.[13][lower-alpha 3] In 1996, during their second return to Herat, her mother opted to move the family to Canada, and the resulting journey involved travelling through Iran, Pakistan, and Jordan.[11]

Upon arrival, the family took up residence in Peterborough, where Monsef's uncle already lived. They relied on the support of several charity organizations, including the YMCA and the Salvation Army.[11] Monsef has continued to raise money for humanitarian activities in Afghanistan.[16]

In 2003, Monsef enrolled at Trent University,[17] from which she graduated in 2010 with a Bachelor of Science in Biology and Psychology.[18] After graduation, from 2011 to 2014, she worked in several public sector positions in the Peterborough area.[lower-alpha 4]

In 2019, she announced her engagement to former Liberal member of Parliament Matt DeCourcey.[20]

Monsef holds dual citizenship with Afghanistan.[21]

Political career

In 2014, Monsef had been offered a job in Afghanistan, but was unable to enter the country because of security concerns.[22] She then went to Iran to work on relief efforts for Afghan refugees, which encouraged her to focus on political endeavours.[22]

Municipal politics

When Monsef returned to Canada, Monsef ran for Mayor of Peterborough in 2014, finishing a close second.

Federal politics

Later that same year, she was elected as the Liberal Party candidate in the upcoming federal election.[23] She was elected on October 19, 2015, with 43.8% of the vote.[24]

Cabinet appointments

Monsef was appointed as Minister of Democratic Institutions in Justin Trudeau's Cabinet on November 4, 2015.[25] She has variously been referred to as the second- or fourth-youngest minister ever appointed to the Cabinet.[11][26] According to The Hill Times, Monsef was named President of the Queen's Privy Council in Canada although it was unclear at the time whether she had been sworn into that office.[27] Monsef has described this position as "largely ceremonial."[28] The Parliamentary website subsequently indicated that she had assumed the position on November 4.[6]

Criticism and controversy

Handling of portfolio

On May 10, 2016, Monsef gave notice in the House of Commons of the government's plans for the composition of the Special Committee on Electoral Reform, which was to have ten members—six members of the Liberal Party, three members from the Conservative Party, and one member from the New Democratic Party.[29] This attracted immediate controversy, as the government possessed a majority of the committee seats and thus could theoretically recommend alterations to the electoral system without the support of any other party. As well, the Green Party and the Bloc Québécois objected to their lack of voting representation on the committee, although they were invited to attend meetings.[30]

On June 2, 2016, the Liberal government reversed course, and both Trudeau and Monsef advised that they would support Nathan Cullen's motion for the composition of the committee, which would instead have twelve members—five Liberals, three Conservatives, two New Democrats, and one member from each of the Bloc Québécois and the Green Party.[31]

Following the release of the final report of the Electoral Reform Committee Monsef criticized the Members of the committee stating "On the main question on the hard choices that we had asked the committee to make, the members of the committee took a pass," and "We asked the committee to help answer very difficult questions for us. It did not do that." The remarks were considered inaccurate and offensive to the Members of the Committee.[32] Monsef later apologized for her comments.[33]

In late 2016 the Government contracted Vox Pop Labs to create on online survey for Canadians on electoral reform at a website called mydemocracy.ca.[34] The survey was condemned as unscientific and misleading by journalists for allowing unlimited entries from one person and failing to ask direct questions about electoral systems. It was also widely mocked by political observers and electoral reform advocates.[35][36] Conservative MP Scott Reid and Green Party leader Elizabeth May both claimed the survey looked more like an online dating survey.[37]

In early 2017 Monsef was replaced as Democratic Institutions Minister by Karina Gould and the Liberal campaign promise to replace the first-past-the-post electoral system was not pursued further.[38]

Place of birth

Monsef has been criticized for stating that she was born in Afghanistan, when in fact she was born in Iran.[39] When this was revealed in September 2016,[8] some commentators pointed out that this could lead to revocation of her Canadian citizenship and potential deportation,[40] while others have criticized the absurdity of the present law[41] or decried the importation of birtherism into Canadian politics.[42] The Trudeau government has regularly revoked citizenship from individuals who had become citizens through fraudulent means – including individuals who came to Canada as children but whose parents had made false claims on their immigration forms.[43][44] In an interview at that time, former MP Dean Del Mastro said that political workers in the 2014 municipal and 2015 federal campaigns knew she was not born in Afghanistan, but chose not to make an issue of it.[45] Monsef made a request to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada to update her information.[46]

In October 2016, her office revealed that she had travelled to Iran with pilgrimage visas in an Afghan passport in 2010, 2013 and 2014 in order to visit the Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad.[47] As this type of visa is normally for a single entry to Iran and does not allow a holder to work, her previous admissions that she had crossed over to Afghanistan and back in 2014, together with working with an Iran-based charity at that time, have caught the attention of Iranian authorities.[48] In a 2014 interview in Peterborough, Monsef admitted that she wanted the trip to "remain hush-hush."[48][49]

Open microphone incident

In November 2020 Monsef accidentally left her microphone on during vote in the House of Commons while participating virtually on Zoom. As result the camera showed her saying "The question they're going to ask me — how much do I make now? Like 250?" As a Cabinet Minister her annual salary at the time as $269,800.00.[50]

Monsef was criticized for the comments as her salary was more than four times the median wage in her riding and yet she was casually discussing her own salary without knowing it to the nearest $20,000.[51] It was unclear what prompted Monsef to make the comment however her office later released a statement claiming "Due to a technical error a private conversation was broadcasted."[52]

Taliban comments

I want to take this opportunity to speak with our brothers, the Taliban. We call on you to ensure the safe and secure passage of any individual in Afghanistan out of the country. We call on you to immediately stop the violence, the genocide, the femicide, the destruction of infrastructure, including heritage buildings

— Maryam Monsef[53]

On August 25, 2021, during a press conference regarding the Taliban overthrow of the democratically elected government of Afghanistan, Monsef sparked controversy after she referred to Taliban militants as her "brothers" while calling on them to allow safe passage for refugees and stop engaging in genocide and femicide.[53][54][55][56] The Canadian government designates the Taliban as a terrorist organization, which has been responsible for the deaths of 158 Canadian soldiers since 2001.[54][57] In response to widespread criticism, Monsef stated that Muslims around the world refer to non-family members as brothers and sisters,[53] and that she "believe[s] deeply that the Taliban are a terrorist organization."[54] Many Farsi speakers and Afghans debunked Monsef's premise on the cultural context of calling the Taliban "brothers", and some have even attributed her defeat in 2021 Canadian election to that comment.[58][59][60]

Electoral record

Federal

2021 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
ConservativeMichelle Ferreri27,40239.03+4.14
LiberalMaryam Monsef24,66435.13–4.12
New DemocraticJoy Lachica13,30218.94+1.93
People'sPaul Lawton3,0734.38+3.10
GreenChanté White1,5532.21–4.85
IndependentRobert M. Bowers2180.31+0.05
Total valid votes 70,21299.44
Total rejected ballots 3950.56
Turnout 70,60770.09+0.09
Eligible voters 100,735
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +4.13
Source: Elections Canada[61]
2019 Canadian federal election: Peterborough—Kawartha
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
LiberalMaryam Monsef27,40039.25-4.57$99,034.55
ConservativeMichael Skinner24,35734.89-0.17$97,460.55
New DemocraticCandace Shaw11,87217.01-1.68none listed
GreenAndrew MacGregor4,9307.06+4.84none listed
People'sAlexander Murphy8901.28none listed
IndependentRobert M. Bowers1800.26$0.00
Stop Climate ChangeKen Ranney1720.25$1,666.19
Total valid votes/expense limit 69,80199.36
Total rejected ballots 4480.64+0.35
Turnout 70,24970.00-1.61
Eligible voters 100,351
Liberal hold Swing -2.20
Source: Elections Canada[62]
2015 Canadian federal election: Peterborough—Kawartha
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
LiberalMaryam Monsef29,15943.82+22.42$153,380.94
ConservativeMichael Skinner23,33535.07-14.60$160,866.22
New DemocraticDave Nickle12,43718.69-6.19–
GreenDoug Mason1,4802.22-1.34$82.52
Strength in DemocracyToban Leckie1310.20–$729.98
Total valid votes/Expense limit 66,542100.0–$232,452.91[63]
Total rejected ballots 1900.28-0.01
Turnout 66,73273.19+7.88
Eligible voters 91,180
Source: Elections Canada[64][65]

Municipal

2014 Peterborough municipal election - Mayor of Peterborough[66]
CandidateVotes % of vote
Daryl Bennett11,21041.4
Maryam Monsef9,87936.5
Alan Wilson4,05214.9
Patti S. Peeters1,5645.8
George "Terry" LeBlanc2020.7
Tom Young1830.7
Total27,090100.0

Notes

  1. ↑ Office became known as "Minister of Status of Women" from 2017 to 2018.
  2. ↑ Part of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
  3. ↑ subsequently subject to progressive tightening,[14] until replaced by the Amayesh registration scheme in 2003[15]
  4. ↑ Immigration Portal Researcher for WelcomePeterborough.ca; Outreach Coordinator for the New Canadians Centre; Outreach Coordinator for the Community Foundation of Greater Peterborough; Community Communications Consultant for the Peterborough Economic Development Commission; and Coordinator of Diversity & International Student Supports/ Community Engagement & Stewardship Officer at Fleming College.[19]

References

  1. 1 2 Décoste, Rachel (September 27, 2016). "How Do You Solve A Problem Like Maryam Monsef?". HuffPost. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  2. ↑ Morales, Steve (October 20, 2015). "Liberal Maryam Monsef wins in Peterborough-Kawartha". Global News. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  3. ↑ Zimonjic, Peter (November 21, 2019) [November 20, 2019]. "Who's who in Justin Trudeau's 2019 cabinet". CBC News. Archived from the original on April 8, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  4. ↑ Connolly, Amanda (March 1, 2019). "Trudeau shuffles MacAulay, Monsef, Bibeau to new cabinet roles after Wilson-Raybould's resignation". Global News. Archived from the original on December 5, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  5. ↑ "Maryam Monsef named to Trudeau cabinet". The Peterborough Examiner. November 4, 2015. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  6. 1 2 "The Hon. Maryam Monsef, P.C., M.P." Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  7. ↑ Malcolm, Candice (November 4, 2016). "Trudeau's defence of Monsef gets the facts wrong". Toronto Sun. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  8. 1 2 3 Fife, Robert (September 22, 2016). "Heralded as Canada's first Afghan-born MP, Maryam Monsef shocked to discover truth of roots". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on September 12, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  9. ↑ "Law of Citizenship in Afghanistan". refworld.org. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. November 6, 1936. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  10. ↑ "Liberal MP Maryam Monsef, Canada's first Afghan cabinet minister, was actually born in Iran". National Post. The Canadian Press. September 22, 2016. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Raj, Althia (September 22, 2016) [November 5, 2015]. "Maryam Monsef Came To Canada As A Refugee. Now, She's A Cabinet Minister". HuffPost. Archived from the original on December 16, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  12. ↑ "Afghan citizens in Iran" (PDF). landinfo.no. Oslo: Country of Origin Information Centre. March 14, 2011. pp. 5–6.
  13. ↑ Unwelcome Guests: Iran's Violation of Afghan Refugee and Migrant Rights (PDF). Human Rights Watch. 2013. p. 32. ISBN 978-1-62313-0770.
  14. ↑ HRW 2013, pp. 32–33.
  15. ↑ HRW 2013, pp. 34–38.
  16. ↑ "Monsef becomes Peterborough's first female MP, youngest MP ever elected in riding". The Peterborough Examiner. October 20, 2015. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  17. ↑ "US President Gives Shout-out to Trent Alumna in Parliament" (Press release). Peterborough, Ontario, Canada: Trent University. June 30, 2016. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  18. ↑ "Maryam Monsef". Trent University. 2010. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  19. ↑ Maryam Monsef on LinkedIn
  20. ↑ "Liberal Minister Announces Engagement To Defeated MP". HuffPost. November 8, 2019 [November 7, 2019]. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  21. ↑ Harris, Kathleen (December 10, 2017). "As Australia ousts MPs with dual citizenship, Canada's Parliament embraces many in its ranks". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 8, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  22. 1 2 Buzzetti, Hélène (May 16, 2016). "Du confinement afghan aux lumières parlementaires" [From Afghan confinement to parliamentary lights]. Le Devoir (in French). Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  23. ↑ "Maryam Monsef wins Grit vote, will run to replace Dean Del Masto". The Peterborough Examiner. May 2, 2015. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  24. ↑ Peterborough-Kawartha Election Results, Elections Canada.
  25. ↑ "Full list of Justin Trudeau's 2015 cabinet". CBC News. November 5, 2015 [November 4, 2015]. Archived from the original on September 22, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  26. ↑ Solomon, Evan; Geddes, John (November 4, 2015). "Trudeau's cabinet: A who's who. Now, what's next?". Maclean's. Archived from the original on October 4, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  27. ↑ Naumetz, Tim (November 10, 2015). "Youngest Cabinet minister Monsef also President of Queen's Privy Council". The Hill Times. Retrieved November 1, 2023. The youngest woman in Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's Cabinet, who arrived in Canada with her family as a child refugee from Afghanistan 20 years ago, was quietly named President of the Queen's Privy Council in Canada.
  28. ↑ Frank, Sarah (November 12, 2015). "Peterborough MP Maryam Monsef's schedule filling up as she takes on committee positions". The Peterborough Examiner. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  29. ↑ "Order Paper and Notice Paper" (PDF). House of Commons of Canada. May 11, 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  30. ↑ Raj, Althia (May 12, 2016) [May 11, 2016]. "Liberals To Keep Majority On New, All-Party Electoral Reform Committee". HuffPost. Archived from the original on February 6, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  31. ↑ Stone, Laura (June 2, 2016). "Liberals agree to give majority to Opposition on electoral reform committee". The Globe & Mail. Archived from the original on August 24, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  32. ↑ "Maryam Monsef apologizes multiple times for saying electoral reform committee didn't do their job". Global News. The Canadian Press. November 2, 2016. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  33. ↑ "Maryam Monsef apologizes to electoral reform committee". Maclean's. The Canadian Press. December 2, 2016. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  34. ↑ Blanchfield, Mike (December 5, 2016). "Government asks Canadians to take online survey on electoral reform". CTV News. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  35. ↑ Scotti, Monique (December 5, 2016). "New electoral reform tool mydemocracy.ca draws fire online". Global News. Archived from the original on January 31, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  36. ↑ Otis, Daniel (December 5, 2016). "Electoral reform survey sparks online backlash". CTV News. Archived from the original on October 18, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  37. ↑ Wherry, Aaron (December 6, 2016). "'A dating website designed by Fidel Castro': Opposition blasts Liberal electoral reform survey". CBC News. Archived from the original on November 19, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  38. ↑ Stone, Laura (January 10, 2017). "Rookie MP Karina Gould to take over troubled democratic reform file". The Globe & Mail. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  39. ↑ "New questions in Monsef case". Toronto Sun. October 10, 2016. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  40. ↑ "Maryam Monsef could be stripped of her citizenship without a hearing after revealing she was born in Iran". National Post. The Canadian Press. September 27, 2016. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  41. ↑ "Maryam Monsef controversy highlights absurd citizenship law: Editorial". The Toronto Star. September 28, 2016. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  42. ↑ Southey, Tabatha (September 30, 2016). "Birtherism comes to Canada with the Maryam Monsef 'scandal'". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  43. ↑ Dyer, Evan (October 11, 2016) [October 9, 2016]. "Trudeau government revoking citizenship at much higher rate than Conservatives". CBC News. Archived from the original on August 13, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  44. ↑ Malcolm, Candice (November 28, 2017). "MALCOLM: Monsef's papers still aren't in order and the media still hardly cares". Toronto Sun. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  45. ↑ Lacey, Mike (September 22, 2016). "Del Mastro: I knew the truth about Monsef all along". The Peterborough Examiner. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  46. ↑ Smith, Joanna (November 23, 2017). "Maryam Monsef still waiting on citizenship paperwork after birthplace revelation". CBC News. Archived from the original on November 13, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  47. ↑ Malcolm, Candice (October 27, 2016). "Monsef travelled to Iran on religious pilgrimage". Toronto Sun. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  48. 1 2 Malcolm, Candice (October 28, 2016). "Monsef story makes odd appearance in Iranian news". Toronto Sun. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  49. ↑ Monsef, Maryam (December 6, 2014). "Episode 1- Maryam Monsef, Carl Oake and Michael Dalton". PTBOCanada Live With Mike Judson! (Interview). Interviewed by Mike Judson. Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2023 – via YouTube.
  50. ↑ Davis, Greg (August 30, 2023) [November 17, 2020]. "Open mic catches Peterborough-Kawartha MP Maryam Monsef talking about her salary". Global News. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  51. ↑ Gurney, Matt (November 17, 2020). "Matt Gurney: Monsef's live mic adventure highlights lack of competent cabinet ministers". National Post. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  52. ↑ Clysdale, Taylor (November 17, 2020). "'Private conversation' of MP Monsef discussing 250K salary caught on hot mic". New Hamburg Independent. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  53. 1 2 3 Turnbull, Sarah (August 25, 2021). "Federal minister Monsef says her mention of Taliban as 'our brothers' is a 'cultural reference'". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 13, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  54. 1 2 3 Connolly, Amanda (August 25, 2021). "Maryam Monsef called the Taliban 'brothers.' Here's what you need to know". Global News. Archived from the original on July 8, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  55. ↑ Gurney, Matt (August 25, 2021). "Matt Gurney: The Taliban are not 'our brothers' Ms. Monsef". National Post. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  56. ↑ "Monsef faces backlash for referring to the Taliban as 'our brothers'". My Broadcasting Corporation. August 25, 2021. Archived from the original on August 26, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  57. ↑ Fikowski, Teri (August 18, 2021) [August 17, 2021]. "'This has all been for nothing': Veterans and family of those killed in Afghanistan respond to Taliban takeover". CTV News. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  58. ↑ Sultani, Zahra (August 26, 2021). "SULTANI: Shame on Monsef for calling Taliban 'our brothers'". Toronto Sun. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  59. ↑ Attaran, Amir [@profamirattaran] (August 26, 2021). "No. I am Iranian, and in Farsi one does not customarily call extremists out to kill you "brother". When she did it's abnormal, because "brother" is a sweet thing between dear friends—obviously. https://ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-minister-monsef-says-her-mention-of-taliban-as-our-brothers-is-a-cultural-reference-1.5560821" (Tweet). Archived from the original on October 28, 2021 – via Twitter.
  60. ↑ "مریم منصف؛ جنجال 'برادرخواندن طالبان' و از دست رفتن کرسی پارلمان". BBC Persian (in Persian). Archived from the original on October 27, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  61. ↑ "List of confirmed candidates – September 20, 2021 Federal Election". Elections Canada. Retrieved September 2, 2021.
  62. ↑ "List of confirmed candidates". Elections Canada. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  63. ↑ "Skinner outspent Monsef on federal election campaign according to new campaign return filings". The Peterborough Examiner. March 12, 2016. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  64. ↑ "Voter Information Service - Find your electoral district". www.elections.ca.
  65. ↑ "Elections Canada Online | Final Candidates Election Expenses Limits". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
  66. ↑ "2014 Municipal Election Results". peterborough.ca. City of Peterborough. Archived from the original on October 5, 2016. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
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