Ruslan Petrovych Kotsaba
Ruslan Kotsaba during the protests outside Ukraine Prosecutor General's Office (12 December 2013)
Born(1966-08-18)18 August 1966
Ivano-Frankivsk Ukrainian SSR
Occupationblogger

Ruslan Petrovych Kotsaba (Ukrainian: Руслан Петрович Коцаба) is a Ukrainian journalist, activist, blogger[1][2][3] and conscientious objector[4] who has been described as a pro-Russian blogger by USA Today[5] and as a prisoner of conscience by human rights organisations.[3][6][7][8]

Kotsaba is known for his call in January 2015 to boycott the fourth wave of mobilization in Ukraine during the war in Donbas. In May 2016 he was found guilty of obstructing the activities of the armed forces and was sentenced to 3 years and 6 months imprisonment. He was acquitted by the Court of Appeal and released in July 2016 after having spent 524 days in prison. The acquittal was annulled in June 2017 and the trial was still ongoing in 2022.

As of 2022, Kotsaba is a controversial figure in his country and abroad, and has been a victim of threats[9] and politically motivated violence.[10]

Early years

Ruslan Kotsaba was born in Ivano-Frankivsk in 1966.[11] Ecologist by education, he graduated from the Ukrainian National Forestry University and the National Academy for Public Administration.[12]

In the 1990s he participated in the Revolution on Granite, and during the Orange Revolution he led the regional organisation of the national-liberal Pora party.[12] At the beginning of 2005 he joined the civic movement associated with Vladyslav Kaskiv, who was elected as a member of parliament for Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc in 2007.[13][14] As a leading exponent of the Ukrainian nationalist movement in the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, he was the regional chairman of the association "Memorial" named after Vasyl Stus, whose mission is preserving the memory of the victims of Soviet repressions in the Ukrainian SSR, and in 2009 he was appointed director of the local Museum of the Liberation Struggle named after Stepan Bandera.[11][15]

In 2013–2014, Kotsaba was in revolutionary Kyiv filming videos and taking active part in the Euromaidan protests.[11][1] He supported the Revolution of Dignity and identified with right-wing political forces.[11]

In the summer of 2014, as a freelance correspondent of the TV channel 112 Ukraine, Kotsaba covered the course of hostilities in Donbas visiting both sides of the conflict.[1] The experience in Donbas had a profound effect on him.[1][16] He drove through the Anti-terrorist Operation Zone posting materials on his blog about Ukrainian soldiers and volunteers, in the camp of the Aidar Battalion he interviewed Nadiya Savchenko,[17] and in Luhansk he had contacts with leaders of the self-proclaimed republic.[2] In his reports from the Donbas he was critical of the Ukrainian armed forces, and claimed that there were "almost" no regular Russian troops in the Luhansk People's Republic[1][18] — following his arrest in 2015, these claims by Kotseba were widely criticised in the Ukrainian journalist community.[1][19][20][21]

At the time, Kotsaba described himself as a Ukrainian patriot and a "typical Ukrainian-speaking right-winger" ("I was on the Maidan, I am a Catholic, I respect Bandera") who did not oppose the secession of the country's eastern provinces and claimed that a "bad peace" was better than a "good war".[1][22]

The case of high treason

YouTube video "I refuse to be mobilized"

In mid-January 2015, on the eve of the first stage of the Fourth wave of mobilization, Kotsaba published on YouTube a video message "I refuse to be mobilized",[23][22][2] in which he declared that he was ready to serve time in prison as long as required by law, but was not going to join the army.[24] He claimed that there were very few Russian soldiers in the Donbas, called the war in the Donbas a "civil war" and urged all "decent people" to boycott the mobilisation.[1][25] He said: "It’s better for me to serve two to five years in prison than to deliberately kill my compatriots who live in the east ... Refuse this mobilization, because this is hell, this is horror! It is impossible for people in the 21st century to kill others just because they want to live separately".[1]

Kotsaba's public stance attracted the attention of the Russian media, and Kotsaba came specially to Moscow to participate in a television programme on Russia-1.[1] Following Kotsaba's arrest and trial, his YouTube video received more than 400,000 views,[26] 6000 likes and 600 dislikes.[2]

Arrest and trials

At the end of January 2015, the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) started a pre-trial investigation at the request of a citizen and on 7 February Kotsaba was arrested.[27][28] He was charged with violating Part 1 of Art. 111 (High treason) and Part 1 of Art. 114-1 (Obstruction of the lawful activities of the armed forces of Ukraine during a special period) of the Criminal Code, and could have faced a sentence of 5 to 15 years in prison.[2]

On 9 February 2015, Amnesty International called on the Ukrainian authorities to immediately release the journalist, and on 11 February called Kotsaba a prisoner of conscience[7][29][8] for the first time in 5 years.[6] Criticisms of Kotsaba's arrest were voiced also by former member of parliament from the Party of Regions Irina Berezhna,[1] ombudsperson for human rights Valeriya Lutkovska,[30] the Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union, which called Kotsaba a "political prisoner",[31][20][32] the Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group,[26] the Independent Media Trade Union of Ukraine of Ukraine,[21][6][33] and Ukrainian writer Taras Prokhasko, who said that Kotsaba had voiced what others were afraid to admit.[6] In December 2015, 34 members of the European Parliament signed a letter condemning the arrest of Kotsaba "simply for doing his work".[34] In June 2016, the Unified European Left Group of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe issued a statement calling for the immediate release of Kotsaba.[35] In June 2017, the Kyiv regional organization of the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine awarded Kotsaba a certificate "For special merit" to express their support.[36]

On 12 May 2016, the Ivano-Frankivsk city Court sentenced Kotsaba to 3 years and 6 months in prison. Kotsaba was acquitted of the charge of treason, but the court qualified his conduct as obstruction of the lawful actions of the armed forces of Ukraine.[37][38] On 14 July 2016, the Ivano-Frankivsk region Court of Appeal declared Kotsaba innocent on all counts. Kotsaba was released from custody. In total, he had spent 524 days in custody.[6]

On 1 June 2017, the High Specialized Court on Civil and Criminal Cases overturned the acquittal of Ruslan Kotsaba.[39] On 31 January 2018, the case was reopened in Bohorodchany District Court,[40] from where it was transferred to the Dolyna District Court,[41] the Lviv region Court of Appeal,[42] back to the Dolyna District Court,[43] the Ivano-Frankivsk region Court of Appeal,[44] and the Kolomyia District Court.[45][46]

On 23 January 2021, the European Bureau for Conscientious Objection said that they were "shocked" by the continuation of prosecution and attacks against Kotsaba.[47][48]

Subsequent activities

On 18 January 2015, the TV channel 112 Ukraine announced that Kotsaba was no longer a correspondent of the channel.[49] On 5 February 2015, the Independent Media Trade Union of Ukraine said that Kotsaba's press card had been issued by mistake.[50]

After his acquittal and release from custody, Kotsaba was hired by Channel 17[51] and in 2017 started to work for the pro-Russian TV channel NewsOne, where he hosted a program called Ya tak dumayu ("I think so").[52]

As of 2016, Kotsaba is included in the Myrotvorets database of "enemies of Ukraine".[53][54]

On 12 December 2017, while interviewing passers-by for the TV channel NewsOne in the centre of Kyiv, Kotsaba was attacked by a Right Sector militant, who punched him in the face and then posted the video of the attack on his Facebook page.[55][56]

In 2019, the Aachen Peace Prize association announced its intention to award the prize to Kotsaba.[57] The nomination was met with heavy criticism when a 2011 video emerged in which Kotsaba, speaking from the Jewish cemetery in Ivano-Frankivsk, blamed Jews for the rise of fascism in Germany and communism in Eastern Europe ("The Jews bred Stalin and Hitler").[58] Kotsaba regretted the accusations of anti-Semitism and explained that his views on the issue had changed since 2011 "due to my politicisation in the context of the war in eastern Ukraine".[16] Eventually the association's board of directors announced that it had decided against awarding the prize to Kotsaba;[59] pending the final decision by the association on the award, Kotseba decided to forsake the accolade.[60]

On 22 January 2021, a group of anti-separatist activists organised a picket in front of the court in Kolomyia, where Kotsaba's case was being discussed. A scuffle broke out between the demonstrators, Kotsaba and his lawyer, Tatyana Montyan.[61][62] Kotsaba was sprayed with a fire extinguisher.[10] Nationalists from the far-right paramilitary organisation Trident issued a statement promising to punish Kotsaba with their own hands, if the judicial system does not work.[9]

On 25 June 2021, Kotsaba was the victim of a Zelyonka attack. While exiting from a train at the Ivano-Frankivsk station, he was targeted with a brilliant green dye (zelenka) thrown on his face that caused chemical burns to his eyes. Kotsaba said that one of the attackers was a leader of Right Sector, and Trident claimed responsibility for the aggression.[14][63][64][10]

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Kotsaba published a post on social media stating that "Putin and Zelenskyy are murderers if they do not immediately agree on an urgent meeting for peace talks".[65]

In October 2022 Kotseba fled Ukraine[66][67] and secured temporary political asylum in the United States.[68]

In April 2023 Kotsaba joined the "Second Ukraine" movement created in Russia by pro-Putin and pro-Russian Ukrainian exile Viktor Medvedchuk.[69] This organisation claims that Ukraine is ruled by Nazi's and repeats other Russian disinformation.[69]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ""Он системно гадил украинской обороне" Кто такой журналист Руслан Коцаба, которого судят на Украине за госизмену" [“He systematically spoiled the Ukrainian defense” Who is the journalist Ruslan Kotsaba, who is on trial in Ukraine for treason]. Meduza (in Russian). 10 February 2015. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Чьей совести узник Руслан Коцаба?" [Whose conscience is prisoner Ruslan Kotsaba?]. Украинская правда (in Russian). 19 January 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  3. 1 2 2016 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Ukraine (Report). United States Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  4. ↑ Daza Sierra, Felip (2022). Ukrainian Nonviolent Civil Resistance in the face of war: Analysis of trends, impacts and challenges of nonviolent action in Ukraine between February and June 2022 (PDF). ICIP & Novact.
  5. ↑ Rudenko, Olga (2 May 2015). "Thousands dodge Ukraine army in fight with rebels". USA Today. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Штекель, Михайло (26 July 2016). "Коцаба озвучив таємні бажання багатьох українців – письменник" [Kotsaba voiced the secret desires of many Ukrainians – a writer]. Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  7. 1 2 "Amnesty International назвала украинского журналиста Руслана Коцабу узником совести" [Amnesty International calls Ukrainian journalist Ruslan Kotsaba a prisoner of conscience]. amnesty.org.ru. 11 February 2015. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  8. 1 2 Walker, Shaun (10 February 2015). "Ukraine: draft dodgers face jail as Kiev struggles to find new fighters". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  9. 1 2 ""Тризубівці" обіцяють покарати сепаратиста Коцабу власноруч, якщо судова система не запрацює" ["Tridents" promise to punish the separatist Kotsaba with their own hands, if the judicial system does not work]. @bastion_tv (in Ukrainian). 24 January 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  10. 1 2 3 "Ukrainian Journalist Ruslan Kotsaba Attacked with Chemical Substance". Platform for the Safety of Journalists (European Council). 2 September 2021.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Довженко, Отар (28 May 2021). "Блазень-"політв'язень" і медведчуківський пропагандист. Хто такий Руслан Коцаба" [Clown, "political prisoner" and Medvedchuk propagandist. Who is Ruslan Kotsaba?]. ms.detector.media (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  12. 1 2 "Руслан Коцаба не хоче віддавати борг" [Ruslan Kotsaba does not want to repay the debt]. Gazeta.ua (in Ukrainian). 6 December 2010. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  13. ↑ "Новини України: ГП "Пора" стала більш закритою" [SE "Pora" has become more closed]. Гал-інфо. 22 January 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  14. 1 2 Stavska, Yana (25 June 2021). "Ведучого "каналу Медведчука" облили зеленкою в Івано-Франківську (відео)" [The host of the "Medvedchuk channel" was doused with green tea in Ivano-Frankivsk (video)]. Ukrainian Independent Information Agency (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  15. ↑ "КУН намагається зірвати відкриття музею в Дем'яновому лазі – Роман Куцик — Малакава" [KUN is trying to disrupt the opening of the museum in Demyanovo Laz – Roman Kutsyk]. www.malakava.if.ua. 30 September 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  16. 1 2 "Aachener Friedenspreis: Eklat wegen judenfeindlicher Äußerungen" [Aachen Peace Award: scandal over anti-Semitic remarks]. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). ISSN 0174-4909. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
  17. ↑ "Коцаба каже, що він першим взяв інтерв'ю у Надії Савченко" [Kotsaba says he was the first to interview Nadiya Savchenko]. firtka.if.ua. 5 February 2016.
  18. ↑ Сидорчик, Андрей (9 February 2015). "Враг народа. Украинский журналист Руслан Коцаба арестован за "шпионаж"" [Enemy of the people. Ukrainian journalist Ruslan Kotsaba arrested for 'espionage']. Аргументы и Факты (in Russian). Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  19. ↑ "Спасибо, бдительная СБУ: что думают медийщики об аресте Руслана Коцабы (ОБНОВЛЯЕТСЯ)" [Thank you, watchful SBU: what do the media think about the arrest of Ruslan Kotsaba (UPDATED)]. detector.media (in Ukrainian). 8 February 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  20. 1 2 "Правозахисник Євген Захаров називає звинувачення проти Коцаби й Захарчука непереконливими" [Human rights activist Yevhen Zakharov calls the charges against Kotsaba and Zakharchuk unconvincing]. ru.telekritika.ua. 16 February 2015. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016.
  21. 1 2 "НМПУ заявляє, що арешт Руслана Коцаби попри неоднозначність його дій створює небезпечний прецедент" [NMPU declares that the arrest of Ruslan Kotsaba, despite the ambiguity of his actions, creates a dangerous precedent]. telekritika. 2 September 2015. Archived from the original on 9 February 2015.
  22. 1 2 Korotkov, Dmitry (20 February 2015). "Руслан Коцаба. Исповедь арестанта" [RUSLAN KOTSABA. CONFESSION OF A PRISONER]. Вести. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015.
  23. ↑ Kotsaba, Ruslan (17 January 2015). "Інтернет-акція "Я відмовляюся від мобілізації"" (video). youtube.com (in Ukrainian). Ruslan Kotsaba.
  24. ↑ "Журналист Руслан Коцаба призвал бойкотировать мобилизацию (ВИДЕО)" [JOURNALIST RUSLAN KOTSABA URGED TO BOYCOTT THE MOBILIZATION (VIDEO)]. dusia.telekritika.ua. 18 January 2015. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015.
  25. ↑ Frank, Hoffmann (7 December 2015). "Візит Байдена: кінець пільгового періоду для Києва?" [Biden's visit: the end of the grace period for Kyiv?]. Deutsche Welle (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  26. 1 2 Coynash, Halya (31 March 2015). "Ruslan Kotsaba – Post-Maidan Ukraine's First Political Prisoner?". Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  27. ↑ "Суд арестовал на два месяца журналиста Р.Коцабу, которого подозревают в государственной измене (дополнено)" [The court arrested journalist R. Kotsaba for two months, who is suspected of high treason (updated)]. Ukrainian News Agency. 8 February 2015. Archived from the original on 14 April 2018.
  28. ↑ "СБУ не порушувала кримінальне провадження стосовно Руслана Коцаби – офіційна відповідь" [The SBU did not initiate criminal proceedings against Ruslan Kotsaba – the official answer]. telekritika.ua. 28 January 2015. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015.
  29. ↑ [Ukraine’s spate of suspicious deaths must be followed by credible investigations (amnesty.org) "Ukraine's spate of suspicious deaths must be followed by credible investigations"]. amnesty.org.en. 17 April 2015. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  30. ↑ "Валерія Лутковська: "Таке обмеження свободи, як у справі Руслана Коцаби, є недопустимим у демократичному суспільстві"" [Valeriya Lutkovska: "Such restriction of freedom, as in the case of Ruslan Kotsaba, is unacceptable in a democratic society"]. ombudsman.gov.ua. 10 February 2015. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015.
  31. ↑ "Українська Гельсінська спілка назвала арешт Руслана Коцаби "переслідуванням за політичними мотивами"" [The Ukrainian Helsinki Union called the arrest of Ruslan Kotsaba "politically motivated persecution"]. Telekritika. 10 February 2015. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016.
  32. ↑ "Human Rights Defenders Designate the Arrest of Ruslan Kotsaba as Persecution on Political Grounds". Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union. 11 February 2015.
  33. ↑ Свобода, Радіо (30 June 2015). "В Івано-Франківську суд продовжив арешт Коцаби до 28 серпня" [In Ivano-Frankivsk, the court extended Kotsaba's arrest until August 28]. Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  34. ↑ "Ukrainian journalist Ruslan Kotsaba Held for Nearly a Year over Allegations of 'Treason and Obstructing the Military'". Platform for the Safety of Journalists (European Council). 14 February 2017.
  35. ↑ "Defend the freedom of Ruslan Kotsaba imprisoned in Ukraine". Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 23 June 2016.
  36. ↑ "Скандальний блогер Руслан Коцаба отримав нагороду від НСЖУ" [The scandalous blogger Ruslan Kotsaba received an award from the National Academy of Sciences]. Zaxid.net (in Ukrainian). 9 June 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  37. ↑ "Коцаба не признали изменником, но дали 3,5 года тюрьмы" [Kotsab was not recognized as a traitor, but was given 3.5 years in prison]. Ukrainska Pravda (in Russian). 12 May 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  38. ↑ Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine 16 February to 15 May 2016 (PDF) (Report). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. para. 117.
  39. ↑ Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine 16 May to 15 August 2017 (PDF) (Report). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. para. 98.
  40. ↑ "Суд почав розглядати справу Коцаби" [The court began considering Kotsaba's case]. Українська правда (in Ukrainian). 31 January 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  41. ↑ "Справу скандального блогера Коцаби передали в інший суд" [The case of the scandalous blogger Kotsaba was transferred to another court]. www.ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). 2 February 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  42. ↑ "Львівський апеляційний суд виправдав журналіста Коцабу" [The Lviv Court of Appeal acquitted journalist Kotsaba]. Ukrinform (in Ukrainian). 20 May 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  43. ↑ "Суд ніяк не може розпочати слухати справу скандального прикарпатця Руслана Коцаби – PRAVDA.IF.UA: Новини твого міста" [The court still cannot start hearing the case of the scandalous Transcarpathian Ruslan Kotsaba]. pravda.if.ua (in Ukrainian). 21 January 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  44. ↑ "Справу Коцаби направили на повторний розгляд у Коломийський суд" [Kotsaba's case was sent for reconsideration to the Kolomyia court]. LB.ua. 18 April 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  45. ↑ "Справа журналіста Коцаби: Коломийський суд відклав розгляд через хворобу судді" [The Kotsaba journalist's case: the Kolomyia court postponed the hearing due to the judge's illness]. dzerkalo.media. 22 July 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  46. ↑ Клим, Ольга (17 November 2021). "Суд у справі Коцаби: засідання перенесли через відсутність прокурорів" [The court in the Kotsaba case: the session was postponed due to the absence of prosecutors]. Суспільне | Новини.
  47. ↑ Nonviolento, Movimento (19 July 2022). "Ukrainian pacifist and objector Ruslan Kotsaba on trial again". Pressenza. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  48. ↑ "UKRAINE: EBCO shocked by the continuation of prosecution and attacks against Ruslan Kotsaba" (PDF) (Press release). Brussels: European Bureau for Conscientious Objection. 23 January 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  49. ↑ "Відомого закликами проти мобілізації Руслана Коцабу не пустили на захід – ЗМІ від нього відхрещуються" [Ruslan Kotsaba, known for his anti-mobilization calls, was not allowed to the event – the media disowned him]. Детектор медіа. 4 February 2015.
  50. ↑ "НМПУ заявляє, що журналіст Руслан Коцаба не є членом медіапрофспілки і його прес-карта недійсна" [NMPU declares that journalist Ruslan Kotsaba is not a member of the media trade union and his press card is invalid]. Детектор медіа. 5 February 2015.
  51. ↑ "Руслан Коцаба працюватиме на 17-му каналі" [Ruslan Kotsaba will work on Channel 17]. detector.media (in Ukrainian). 31 October 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  52. ↑ ""Я так думаю" c Русланом Коцабой | NEWSONE". newsone.ua. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  53. ↑ "Коцаба Руслан Петрович / Коцаба Руслан Петрович / Kotsaba Ruslan Petrovich". Myrotvorets (in Russian). Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  54. ↑ Baysha, Olga (2023). War, Peace, and Populist Discourse in Ukraine. Routledge. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-032-45535-8.
  55. ↑ "Скандальний журналіст Коцаба отримав по обличчю від члена "Правого сектора": відео" [Kotsaba was punched in the face by a member of the "Right Sector": video]. 24 Канал (in Ukrainian). 13 December 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  56. ↑ "У центрі Києва член "Правого сектора" вдарив скандального журналіста Коцабу в обличчя під час зйомки (відео)" [In the center of Kyiv, a member of the "Right Sector" hit the scandalous journalist Kotsaba in the face during the filming (video)]. UNIAN (in Ukrainian). 13 December 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  57. ↑ "Aachener Friedenspreis für ukrainischen Blogger und Initiativen gegen Atomwaffen | DW | 8 May 2019" [Aachen Peace Prize for Ukrainian bloggers and initiatives against nuclear weapons]. Deutsche Welle (in German). 8 May 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  58. ↑ "Ruslan Kotsaba: Die Juden haben Stalin und Hitler gezüchtet – der Holocaust war die Strafe dafür – video Dailymotion" [Ruslan Kotsaba: The Jews bred Stalin and Hitler – the Holocaust was the punishment for that]. Dailymotion. 25 September 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
  59. ↑ "Kein Aachener Friedenspreis für Ruslan Kotsaba" [No Aachen Peace Award for Ruslan Kotsaba]. Deutsche Welle (in German). 10 May 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
  60. ↑ "Ukrainian journalist declines Aachen Peace Prize". Deutsche Welle. 23 May 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  61. ↑ "Підозрюваного у держзраді Коцабу стусанами провели з суду" [Kotsaba, suspected of treason, was kicked out of court]. Ukrinform. 22 January 2021.
  62. ↑ "Підозрюваного у державній зраді Руслана Коцабу стусанами провели з Коломийського суду. ВІДЕО" [Suspect of high treason, Ruslan Kotsaba, was kicked out of the Kolomyia court. VIDEO]. Курс. 22 January 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  63. ↑ "Руслана Коцабу облили зеленкою та закидали яйцями в Івано-Франківську" [Ruslan Kotsaba was doused with green beer and pelted with eggs in Ivano-Frankivsk]. ZAXID.NET (in Ukrainian). 25 June 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  64. ↑ "Среди нападавших на него Коцаба опознал одного из лидеров Правого сектора (видео)" [Among those who attacked him, Kotsaba identified one of the leaders of the Right Sector (video)]. ФОКУС (in Russian). 25 June 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  65. ↑ Зубченко, Ярослав (2 March 2022). "Hall of Shame. Ukrainian politicians and media personalities who have supported the Russian aggression against Ukraine". detector.media. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
  66. ↑ Michelucci, Riccardo (2 December 2022). "Ucraina. Kiev nega il diritto all'obiezione di coscienza alle armi: 971 incriminati" [Ukraine. Kiev denies right to conscientious objection to military service: 971 indicted]. Avvenire (in Italian). Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  67. ↑ ""Ich habe die Ukraine verlassen". Veranstaltung mit dem Journalisten und Pazifisten Ruslan Kotsaba" ["I left Ukraine". Event with the journalist and pacifist Ruslan Kotsaba]. Lebenshaus Schwäbische Alb. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  68. ↑ Marcetic, Branko (25 February 2023). "The State of Ukrainian Democracy Is Not Strong". Jacobin. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  69. 1 2 Medvedchuk recruited in his new « movement » in the Russian Federation accused in the state of political scientists and commentators who managed to escape from Ukraine – «Schems», Radio Free Europe (26 April 2023) (in Ukrainian)
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