City of Edmonton
Federal census
population history
YearPop.±%
19012,626—    
190611,167+325.2%
191124,900+123.0%
191653,846+116.2%
192158,821+9.2%
192665,163+10.8%
193179,197+21.5%
193685,774+8.3%
194193,817+9.4%
1946113,116+20.6%
1951159,631+41.1%
1956226,002+41.6%
1961281,027+24.3%
1966376,925+34.1%
1971438,152+16.2%
1976461,361+5.3%
1981532,246+15.4%
1986573,982+7.8%
1991616,741+7.4%
1996616,306−0.1%
2001666,104+8.1%
2006730,372+9.6%
2011812,201+11.2%
2016932,546+14.8%
20211,010,899+8.4%
Source: Statistics Canada
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]

According to the 2021 census, the City of Edmonton had a population of 1,010,899 residents, compared to 4,262,635 for all of Alberta, Canada.[24] The total population of the Edmonton census metropolitan area (CMA) was 1,418,118, making it the sixth-largest CMA in Canada.[25]

Growth and density

In the five years between 2016 and 2021, the population of the City of Edmonton grew by 8.3%, compared with an increase of 7.3% for the Edmonton CMA and 10.8% for Alberta as a whole. The population density of the City of Edmonton averaged 1,320.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,420/sq mi), compared with an average of 6.7/km2 (17/sq mi) for Alberta altogether.[26]

Age and gender

In mid-2006, 11.9% of Edmonton's population were of retirement age (65 and over for males and females) compared with 13.7% in Canada.[27] The median age was 35.3 years of age, compared to 37.6 years of age for all of Canada. Also, according to the 2006 census, 50.5% of the population within the City of Edmonton were female, while 49.5% were male. Children under five accounted for approximately 5.6% of the resident population of Edmonton. This compares with 6.2% in Alberta, and almost 5.2% for Canada overall.[27]

Ethnic origin

Metro Edmonton

Panethnic groups in Metro Edmonton (2001−2021)
Panethnic group 2021[28][29] 2016[30] 2011[31] 2006[32] 2001[33]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[lower-alpha 1] 849,515 60.78% 857,085 66.07% 822,830 72.2% 797,420 77.81% 750,315 80.94%
South Asian 123,340 8.82% 91,420 7.05% 61,135 5.36% 40,205 3.92% 29,065 3.14%
Southeast Asian[lower-alpha 2] 101,410 7.26% 78,310 6.04% 56,240 4.94% 30,655 2.99% 23,865 2.57%
Indigenous 87,600 6.27% 76,205 5.87% 61,765 5.42% 52,105 5.08% 40,930 4.42%
African 80,575 5.76% 57,820 4.46% 32,725 2.87% 20,380 1.99% 14,095 1.52%
East Asian[lower-alpha 3] 74,140 5.3% 70,255 5.42% 59,140 5.19% 53,235 5.19% 45,965 4.96%
Middle Eastern[lower-alpha 4] 39,955 2.86% 32,255 2.49% 21,590 1.89% 14,865 1.45% 10,840 1.17%
Latin American 21,955 1.57% 18,755 1.45% 14,530 1.28% 9,210 0.9% 7,515 0.81%
Other/Multiracial[lower-alpha 5] 20,200 1.45% 15,170 1.17% 9,640 0.85% 6,750 0.66% 4,430 0.48%
Total responses 1,397,750 98.56% 1,297,280 98.17% 1,139,585 98.25% 1,024,820 99.02% 927,020 98.85%
Total population 1,418,118 100% 1,321,426 100% 1,159,869 100% 1,034,945 100% 937,845 100%
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses

Future projections

Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2041)
2041[34][35][36][37]
Population %
European[lower-alpha 6] 1,000,000 44.23%
South Asian 303,000 13.4%
Southeast Asian[lower-alpha 2] 236,000 10.44%
African 225,000 9.95%
Indigenous 141,000 6.24%
East Asian[lower-alpha 3] 141,000 6.24%
Middle Eastern[lower-alpha 4] 124,000 5.48%
Latin American 48,000 2.12%
Other/multiracial 43,000 1.9%
Projected Metro Edmonton Population 2,261,000 100%

City of Edmonton

In 2016, people of Canadian origin make up the largest ethnic cluster in Edmonton.[38] Since 2011, visible minorities accounted for over 30% of the population, while more than 5% of Edmontonians were considered Aboriginal.

Population by ethnicity, 2016
Ethnic origin[39] Population Percent
Canadian 159,070 17.41%
English 153,740 16.83%
Scottish 126,100 13.80%
German 124,170 13.59%
Irish 113,795 12.46%
Ukrainian 98,820 10.82%
French 85,565 9.37%
Chinese 67,970 7.44%
East Indian 67,935 7.44%
Filipino 57,050 6.24%
Panethnic groups in the City of Edmonton (2001−2021)
Panethnic group 2021[40] 2016[41] 2011[42] 2006[43] 2001[44]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[lower-alpha 7] 512,125 51.39% 524,270 57.39% 514,935 64.72% 518,620 71.81% 497,655 75.71%
South Asian 114,985 11.54% 86,550 9.47% 57,500 7.23% 38,225 5.29% 27,845 4.24%
Southeast Asian[lower-alpha 2] 89,755 9.01% 70,285 7.69% 52,045 6.54% 28,880 4% 22,535 3.43%
African 75,525 7.58% 54,285 5.94% 30,355 3.81% 19,020 2.63% 12,920 1.97%
East Asian[lower-alpha 3] 69,965 7.02% 66,680 7.3% 56,305 7.08% 50,590 7% 44,175 6.72%
Indigenous 58,165 5.84% 50,280 5.5% 41,985 5.28% 38,170 5.28% 30,365 4.62%
Middle Eastern[lower-alpha 4] 38,175 3.83% 30,360 3.32% 20,410 2.57% 13,895 1.92% 10,405 1.58%
Latin American 19,455 1.95% 16,980 1.86% 13,330 1.68% 8,650 1.2% 7,265 1.11%
Other/Multiracial[lower-alpha 5] 18,330 1.84% 13,910 1.52% 8,815 1.11% 6,195 0.86% 4,195 0.64%
Total responses 996,485 98.57% 913,585 97.97% 795,675 97.97% 722,255 98.89% 657,355 98.69%
Total population 1,010,899 100% 932,546 100% 812,201 100% 730,372 100% 666,104 100%
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses

Language

Metro Edmonton

The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. The following figures are from the 2021 Canadian Census, and lists languages that were selected by at least 1,000 respondents.

Knowledge of Languages in Metro Edmonton
Language 2021[45]
Pop. %
English 1,372,110 98.17%
French 96,620 6.91%
Cree 3,915 0.28%
Oromo 2,615 0.19%
Somali 10,555 0.76%
Amharic 5,965 0.43%
Arabic 34,760 2.49%
Hebrew 1,360 0.1%
Tigrigna 6,440 0.46%
Khmer
(Cambodian)		 1,055 0.08%
Vietnamese 12,490 0.89%
Bisaya,
n.o.s.		 1,055 0.08%
Cebuano 3,190 0.23%
Hiligaynon 1,510 0.11%
Ilocano 4,760 0.34%
Tagalog 63,930 4.57%
Malayalam 6,485 0.46%
Tamil 4,870 0.35%
Telugu 2,140 0.15%
Czech 1,035 0.07%
Polish 10,715 0.77%
Russian 10,420 0.75%
Serbo-Croatian 5,845 0.42%
Ukrainian 12,680 0.91%
German 18,685 1.34%
Afrikaans 1,360 0.1%
Dutch 4,380 0.31%
Greek 1,545 0.11%
Bengali 3,865 0.28%
Gujarati 10,620 0.76%
Hindi 41,900 3%
Kacchi 1,110 0.08%
Marathi 1,470 0.11%
Nepali 2,500 0.18%
Punjabi 53,280 3.81%
Sinhala 2,105 0.15%
Urdu 16,575 1.19%
Pashto 1,155 0.08%
Dari 2,220 0.16%
Iranian
Persian		 3,740 0.27%
Italian 8,095 0.58%
Portuguese 6,500 0.47%
Romanian 2,960 0.21%
Spanish 36,115 2.58%
Japanese 3,320 0.24%
Korean 8,020 0.57%
Akan
(Twi)		 1,660 0.12%
Igbo 1,295 0.09%
Kinyarwanda
(Rwanda)		 1,520 0.11%
Rundi
(Kirundi)		 1,060 0.08%
Shona 1,100 0.08%
Swahili 5,030 0.36%
Yoruba 3,230 0.23%
Mandarin 32,395 2.32%
Min Nan
(Chaochow, Teochow,
Fukien, Taiwanese)		 1,685 0.12%
Cantonese 29,300 2.1%
Turkish 2,920 0.21%
Hungarian 1,805 0.13%
Total
Responses		 1,397,750 98.56%
Total
Population		 1,418,118 100%

Religion

City of Edmonton

The 2021 National Household Survey identified 44.6% of Edmontonians as Christian, while 31.1% of residents were identified as having no religion.[46]

Religion in Edmonton (2021)

  Christian (44.6%)
  No Religion (36.4%)
  Muslim (8.3%)
  Sikh (4.2%)
  Buddhist (1.5%)
  Hindu (3.4%)
  Jewish (0.4%)
  Other (1.0%)
  Indigenous Spirituality (0.2%)
Religion (2021) 1 Denomination Congregation Proportion 2
Christian 444,690 44.6%
Catholic 208,905 21.0%
Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox 23,445 2.4%
United Church 22,375 2.2%
Anglican Church 17,325 1.7%
Pentecostal 14,500 1.5%
Lutheran 13,840 1.4%
Baptist 10,845 1.1%
Latter Day Saints 5,030 0.5%
Presbyterian 3,915 0.4%
Jehovah's Witnesses 3,770 0.4%
Reformed 2,600 0.3%
Anabaptist 1,070 0.1%
Other Christian traditions 25,235 2.5%
Christian n.o.s. 90,430 9.1%
Muslim 83,015 8.3%
Sikh 41,385 4.2%
Buddhist 15,365 1.5%
Hindu 33,905 3.4%
Jewish 3,515 0.4%
Other Religions 9,965 1.0%
Aboriginal spirituality 1,995 0.2%
No religious affiliation 362,645 36.4%
Total 996,485 100%
^1 Statistics Canada. 2013. Alberta (Code 48) (table). National Household Survey (NHS) Profile. 2011 National Household Survey. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-004-XWE. Ottawa. Released September 11, 2013.[47]
^2 All percentages are rounded to nearest 0.1%.

Metro Edmonton

Religious groups in Metro Edmonton (1981−2021)
Religious group 2021[48] 2011[49] 2001[50] 1991[51][52] 1981[53][54]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Christianity 655,720 46.91% 673,165 59.07% 649,205 70.03% 623,155 74.88% 548,010 84.19%
Irreligion 539,075 38.57% 354,935 31.15% 218,905 23.61% 165,910 19.94% 81,675 12.55%
Islam 86,120 6.16% 46,125 4.05% 19,575 2.11% 14,815 1.78% 7,020 1.08%
Sikhism 44,440 3.18% 20,425 1.79% 9,405 1.01% 6,480 0.78% 2,730 0.42%
Hinduism 35,830 2.56% 15,615 1.37% 7,825 0.84% 5,815 0.7% 3,635 0.56%
Buddhism 16,470 1.18% 17,570 1.54% 14,045 1.52% 9,285 1.12% 1,980 0.3%
Judaism 3,820 0.27% 3,790 0.33% 3,980 0.43% 4,045 0.49% 4,245 0.65%
Indigenous spirituality 3,495 0.25% 2,375 0.21% — — — — — —
Other 12,785 0.91% 5,585 0.49% 4,075 0.44% 2,650 0.32% 975 0.15%
Total responses 1,397,750 98.56% 1,139,585 98.25% 927,020 98.85% 832,155 99.08% 650,895 99.06%
Total population 1,418,118 100% 1,159,869 100% 937,845 100% 839,924 100% 657,057 100%

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Table IX: Population of cities, towns and incorporated villages in 1906 and 1901 as classed in 1906". Census of the Northwest Provinces, 1906. Vol. Sessional Paper No. 17a. Ottawa: Government of Canada. 1907. p. 100.
  2. ↑ "Table I: Area and Population of Canada by Provinces, Districts and Subdistricts in 1911 and Population in 1901". Census of Canada, 1911. Vol. I. Ottawa: Government of Canada. 1912. pp. 2–39.
  3. ↑ "Table I: Population of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta by Districts, Townships, Cities, Towns, and Incorporated Villages in 1916, 1911, 1906, and 1901". Census of Prairie Provinces, 1916. Vol. Population and Agriculture. Ottawa: Government of Canada. 1918. pp. 77–140.
  4. ↑ "Table 8: Population by districts and sub-districts according to the Redistribution Act of 1914 and the amending act of 1915, compared for the census years 1921, 1911 and 1901". Census of Canada, 1921. Ottawa: Government of Canada. 1922. pp. 169–215.
  5. ↑ "Table 7: Population of cities, towns and villages for the province of Alberta in census years 1901–26, as classed in 1926". Census of Prairie Provinces, 1926. Vol. Census of Alberta, 1926. Ottawa: Government of Canada. 1927. pp. 565–567.
  6. ↑ "Table 12: Population of Canada by provinces, counties or census divisions and subdivisions, 1871–1931". Census of Canada, 1931. Ottawa: Government of Canada. 1932. pp. 98–102.
  7. ↑ "Table 4: Population in incorporated cities, towns and villages, 1901–1936". Census of the Prairie Provinces, 1936. Vol. I: Population and Agriculture. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1938. pp. 833–836.
  8. ↑ "Table 10: Population by census subdivisions, 1871–1941". Eighth Census of Canada, 1941. Vol. II: Population by Local Subdivisions. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1944. pp. 134–141.
  9. ↑ "Table 6: Population by census subdivisions, 1926–1946". Census of the Prairie Provinces, 1946. Vol. I: Population. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1949. pp. 401–414.
  10. ↑ "Table 6: Population by census subdivisions, 1871–1951". Ninth Census of Canada, 1951. Vol. I: Population, General Characteristics. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1953. p. 6.73–6.83.
  11. ↑ "Table 6: Population by sex, for census subdivisions, 1956 and 1951". Census of Canada, 1956. Vol. Population, Counties and Subdivisions. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1957. p. 6.50–6.53.
  12. ↑ "Table 6: Population by census subdivisions, 1901–1961". 1961 Census of Canada. Series 1.1: Historical, 1901–1961. Vol. I: Population. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1963. p. 6.77–6.83.
  13. ↑ "Population by specified age groups and sex, for census subdivisions, 1966". Census of Canada, 1966. Vol. Population, Specified Age Groups and Sex for Counties and Census Subdivisions, 1966. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1968. p. 6.50–6.53.
  14. ↑ "Table 2: Population of Census Subdivisions, 1921–1971". 1971 Census of Canada. Vol. I: Population, Census Subdivisions (Historical). Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1973. p. 2.102–2.111.
  15. ↑ "Table 3: Population for census divisions and subdivisions, 1971 and 1976". 1976 Census of Canada. Census Divisions and Subdivisions, Western Provinces and the Territories. Vol. I: Population, Geographic Distributions. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1977. p. 3.40–3.43.
  16. ↑ "Table 4: Population and Total Occupied Dwellings, for Census Divisions and Subdivisions, 1976 and 1981". 1981 Census of Canada. Vol. II: Provincial series, Population, Geographic distributions (Alberta). Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1982. p. 4.1–4.10. ISBN 0-660-51095-2.
  17. ↑ "Table 2: Census Divisions and Subdivisions – Population and Occupied Private Dwellings, 1981 and 1986". Census Canada 1986. Vol. Population and Dwelling Counts – Provinces and Territories (Alberta). Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1987. p. 2.1–2.10. ISBN 0-660-53463-0.
  18. ↑ "Table 2: Population and Dwelling Counts, for Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 1986 and 1991 – 100% Data". 91 Census. Vol. Population and Dwelling Counts – Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1992. pp. 100–108. ISBN 0-660-57115-3.
  19. ↑ "Table 10: Population and Dwelling Counts, for Census Divisions, Census Subdivisions (Municipalities) and Designated Places, 1991 and 1996 Censuses – 100% Data". 96 Census. Vol. A National Overview – Population and Dwelling Counts. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1997. pp. 136–146. ISBN 0-660-59283-5.
  20. ↑ "Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Divisions, 2001 and 1996 Censuses – 100% Data (Alberta)". Statistics Canada. Retrieved April 1, 2012.
  21. ↑ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses – 100% data (Alberta)". Statistics Canada. January 6, 2010. Retrieved April 1, 2012.
  22. ↑ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  23. ↑ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Alberta)". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
  24. 1 2 "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population, Edmonton, Alberta". Statistics Canada. February 25, 2022. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  25. ↑ "Census Profile". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  26. ↑ "Census Profile". Stasistics Canada. 8 February 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  27. 1 2 "2006 Community Profiles – Edmonton, Alberta (City)". Statistics Canada. 2010-12-06. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  28. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-09-21). "Indigenous identity by Registered or Treaty Indian status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
  29. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Visible minority and population group by generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
  30. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2021-10-27). "Census Profile, 2016 Census Edmonton [Census metropolitan area], Alberta and Alberta [Province]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
  31. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile, Edmonton, CMA, Alberta, 2011". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
  32. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-08-20). "2006 Community Profiles Edmonton Alberta (Census metropolitan area)". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
  33. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles Edmonton Alberta (Census Metropolitan Area)". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
  34. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (8 September 2022). "Canada in 2041: A larger, more diverse population with greater differences between regions". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  35. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (8 September 2022). "Projected population by racialized group, generation status and other selected characteristics (x 1,000)". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  36. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (6 October 2021). "Projections of the Indigenous populations and households in Canada, 2016 to 2041". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  37. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (6 October 2021). "Projected population by Indigenous identity, age group, sex, area of residence, provinces and territories, and projection scenario, Canada (x 1,000)". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  38. ↑ "Census Profile, 2016 Census, Ethnic Origin, Edmonton, Alberta".
  39. ↑ "Census Profile, 2016 Census, Ethnic Origin, Edmonton, Alberta".
  40. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-07.
  41. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2021-10-27). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-07.
  42. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-07.
  43. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-08-20). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-07.
  44. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-07.
  45. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-08-17). "Knowledge of languages by age and gender: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-10-04.
  46. ↑ "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021". Statistics Canada. Government of Canada. 26 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  47. ↑ "NHS Profile, 2011". Statistics Canada. Government of Canada. 8 May 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  48. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  49. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  50. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  51. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-03-29). "Profile of Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations - Part A". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  52. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-03-29). "Profile of Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations - Part B". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  53. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "1981 Census of Canada : volume 2 - provincial series : population; language, ethnic origin, religion, place of birth, schooling". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  54. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2020-05-26). "Data tables, 1981 Census Profile for Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 1981 Census - Part B". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
    1. ↑ 2001-2016: Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.

      2021: Statistic includes all persons belonging to the non-indigenous and non-visible minority “White” population group.
    2. 1 2 3 Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
    3. 1 2 3 Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
    4. 1 2 3 Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
    5. 1 2 Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
    6. ↑ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an aboriginal identity.
    7. ↑ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
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