Madagascar has diplomatic relations with many countries, both individual bilateral relations and by virtue of its membership of African and other regional blocs. International aid has been received from the IMF and the World Bank, and a national environmental plan supported by the World Bank and USAID began in 1990.

Regional relations

Nations with which Madagascar has diplomatic relations.

Madagascar historically has remained outside the mainstream of African affairs, although it is a member of the Indian Ocean Commission, the Organization of African Unity (now renamed the AU), the Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa (PMAESA), and the Non-Aligned Movement. Madagascar was admitted to the Southern African Development Community in 2004.

Bilateral relations

Active diplomatic relationships are maintained with Europe, especially the UK, France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland, as well as with Russia, Japan, South Korea, India, Indonesia, Egypt and China. Madagascar also maintains good relations with the United States.

International agencies being present in the country allows to react quickly to emergencies such as a food crisis.[1]

Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria 15 June 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1964[2]
 Botswana August 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations in August 2005.[3]
 Comoros 12 November 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 November 1976.[4]
 Democratic Republic of Congo 26 July 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1974[5]
 Republic of Congo 17 September 2014 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 September 2014 when Ambassador of Republic of Congo to Madagascar with residence in Pretoria Mr. Léonard-Emile Ognimba presented his credentials to President Hery Rajaonarimampianina.[6]
 Djibouti 13 August 1999 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 August 1999.[7]
 Egypt 23 February 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 February 1970.[8]
 Eritrea 12 April 2017 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 April 2017 when Ambassador of Eritrea to Madagascar Mr. Salih Omar Abdu, presented his letters of credentials to President Hery Rajaonarimampianina.[9]
 Eswatini 21 October 2015 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 October 2015 when Ambassador of Swaziland with residence in Maputo Mr. Christian Muzie Nkambule, presented his credentials to President of Madagascar Hery Rajaonarimampianina.[10][11]
 Guinea 26 December 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 December 1972[12]
 Kenya 13 September 1973
  • Kenya is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique.
  • Madagascar is accredited to Kenya from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
 Lesotho 7 December 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1971[13]
 Libya 9 February 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 February 1974[14]
 Mauritania 11 November 2015 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 November 2015 when Ambassador of Mauritania M. Mohamed Ould Hannani, presented his letters of credentials to President of Madagascar Hery Rajaonarimampianina.[15]
 Mauritius27 August 1968See Madagascar–Mauritius relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 August 1968[16]

  • Madagascar has an embassy in Port Louis.
  • Mauritius has an embassy in Antananarivo.
 Morocco15 April 1994See Madagascar–Morocco relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 April 1994[17]

  • Madagascar is accredited to Morocco from its embassy in Dakar, Senegal.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Antananarivo.
 Mozambique9 August 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 1975[18]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Mozambique from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Mozambique is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Namibia13 July 2005Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 July 2005 when has been accredited ambassador of Madagascar to Namibia with residence in Pretoria Mr. Yvan Randriasandratriniony.[19]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Namibia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Harare, Zimbabwe.
 Niger 13 January 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 2016 when Ambassador of Niger to Madagascar with residence in Pretoria Mme Rakiatou Mayaki presented his letters of credentials to President Hery Rajaonarimampianina.[20]
 Nigeria24 June 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971[21]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique.
 Rwanda 17 January 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 January 2018 when Ambassador of Rwanda to Madagascar with residence in Pretoria Mr. Vincent Karega presented his credentials to President Hery Rajaonarimampianina.[22]
 Senegal
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Dakar.
  • Senegal is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Seychelles 12 April 1989 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 April 1989.[23]
 Sierra Leone 5 November 1966 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1966 when Dr. Rakoto-Ratsimamanga, the first Malagasy Ambassador to Sierra Leone with residence in Paris, presented his credentials.[24]
 South Africa27 January 1994See Madagascar–South Africa relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 January 1994.[25] South Africa and Madagascar share maritime borders with each other.

  • Madagascar has an embassy in Pretoria and a consulate-general in Cape Town.[26]
  • South Africa has an embassy in Antananarivo.[27]
 Sudan 15 April 2015 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 April 2015 when Ambassador of Sudan to Madagascar Mr. Abdalla Mohamed Ahmed Wadi, presented his letters of credentials to President Hery Rajaonarimampianina.[28]
 Tanzania28 June 1973Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1973[29]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Tanzania from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Tanzania is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique.
 Togo 25 March 2015 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 2015 when Ambassador of Togo To Madagascar Mr. Ekpao Nolaki presented his letters of credentials to President Hery Rajaonarimampianina.[30]
 Tunisia 12 March 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1969.[31]
 Zambia 13 September 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 September 1973[32]
 Zimbabwe 19 October 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 October 1981[33]

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina20 July 2001Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 July 2001[34]
  • Argentina is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Argentina.
 Brazil7 October 1996Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 October 1996[35]
  • Brazil is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique.
  • Madagascar is accredited to Brazil from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Canada7 January 1965See Canada–Madagascar relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1965[36]

  • Canada is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa.[37]
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Ottawa.[38]
 Chile 23 December 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 December 1971[39]
 Colombia15 June 1995Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1995[40]
  • Colombia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.[41]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Cuba11 April 1974Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 April 1974[42]
  • Cuba is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Madagascar is accredited to Cuba from its embassy in Ottawa, Canada.
 Dominican Republic 23 September 2022 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2022[43]
 Mexico26 December 1975[44]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.[45]
  • Mexico is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in Antananarivo.[46]
 Nicaragua 26 October 1984 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 October 1984[47]
 United States26 June 1960[48]See Madagascar–United States relations

Relations between the United States and Madagascar date to the middle 19th century. The two countries concluded a commercial convention in 1867 and a treaty of peace, friendship, and commerce in 1881. Traditionally warm relations suffered considerably during the 1970s, when Madagascar expelled the U.S. ambassador, the USA closed a NASA tracking station, allied with the USSR, and nationalized two U.S. oil companies. In 1980, relations at the ambassadorial level were restored.

Throughout the troubled period, commercial and cultural relations remained active. In 1990, Madagascar was designated as a priority aid recipient, and assistance increased from $15 million in 1989 to $40 million in 1993. Recent U.S. assistance has contributed to a population census and family planning programs; conservation of Madagascar's remarkable biodiversity, private sector development, agriculture, democracy and governance initiatives; and media training. Madagascar became the first country with a Millennium Challenge Account compact when it signed an agreement worth $110 million in April 2006. The Ravalomanana government is especially positive about ties with the United States.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.[51][52]

 Venezuela 17 November 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations 17 November 2008[53][54]

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia25 June 1993

The two countries established diplomatic relations on June 25, 1993.[55]

  • Armenia does not have an accreditation to Madagascar.
  • Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Armenia.
 Azerbaijan 26 May 1993[56] The two countries established diplomatic relations on 26 May 1993.[56]
 Bahrain 23 September 2022 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2022[57]
 Bangladesh 4 March 2020 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 March 2020 when first ambassador of Bangladesh to Madagascar Rezina Ahmed, presented his letters of credentials to President Andry Rajoelina.[58]
 Brunei Darussalam 20 October 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 1992[59]
 Cambodia 25 March 1997 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 1997[60]
 China6 November 1972See China-Madagascar relations

China and Madagascar established diplomatic relations on November 6, 1972.[61]

  • China has an embassy in Antananarivo and a consulate-general in Toamasina.[62]
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Beijing.[63]
 Georgia 24 May 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 2007[64]
 India27 June 1960See India–Madagascar relations

India has had maritime links with Madagascar for several centuries.[65] India opened a consulate general in Antananarivo in 1954. Upon Madagascar gaining independence in 1960, it was upgraded to an embassy.[65] There are about 20,000 persons of Indian origin in Madagascar, including approximately 2,500 Indian passport holders.[66]

  • India has an embassy in Antananarivo.[67]
  • Madagascar has an embassy in New Delhi.[68]
 Indonesia13 December 1974[69]See Indonesia–Madagascar relations
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Antananarivo.
  • Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Indonesia.
 Israel

The two countries have a number of bilateral agreements in force.[70]

  • Israel does not have an accreditation to Madagascar.
  • Madagascar is accredited to Israel from its embassy in Paris, France.
 JapanMarch 1962

The two countries established diplomatic relations on July 5, 1960.[71]

  • Japan has an embassy in Antananarivo.
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Tokyo.
 Kazakhstan 10 April 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 1992[72]
 Kuwait 6 December 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1973[73]
 Laos 27 February 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 February 1980[74]
 Lebanon 5 May 2017 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 2017.[75]
 Malaysia 6 April 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 April 1995[76]
 Mongolia 10 May 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 1979[77]
   Nepal 26 September 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2018[78]
 North Korea 16 November 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 November 1972.[79]
 Oman 29 June 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 June 2016[80]
 Qatar 24 September 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 September 2021[81]
 Saudi Arabia22 October 2008Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 2008[82]
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Riyadh.
  • Saudi Arabia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
 Singapore 31 January 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 January 1990[83]
 South Korea25 June 1962,[84] broke off diplomatic relations on July 1972, Restored 19 May 1993
  • Madagascar is accredited to South Korea from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Antananarivo.
 Sri Lanka 27 July 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 July 2001[85]
 Tajikistan 12 June 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 June 1993[86]
 Thailand 30 November 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1990[87]
 Turkey30 January 1963See Madagascar–Turkey relations
  • Madagascar is accredited to Turkey from its embassy in Rome, Italy.[88]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Antananarivo.[88]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 76.5 million USD in 2019 (Malagasy exports/imports: 5.2/71.3 million USD).[88]
 Turkmenistan 1 December 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1995[89]
 United Arab Emirates 22 September 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2016[90]
 Vietnam19 December 1972

The two countries established diplomatic relations on 19 December 1972.[91]

  • Madagascar is accredited to Vietnam from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • Vietnam is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique.

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Albania 28 April 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1976.[92]
 Andorra 25 September 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2018[93]
 Belarus 28 May 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1993.[94]
 Bulgaria 15 June 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1976[95]
 Croatia27 September 2006

The two countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2006.[96]

  • Croatia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Croatia.
 Cyprus
  • Cyprus is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa.[97] and an honorary consulate in Antananarivo.[98]
  • Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Cyprus.
 Denmark 1964[99]
  • Denmark is represented in Madagascar, through its embassy in Pretoria.[100]
  • Denmark have a consulate in Antananarivo.[100]
 Estonia 13 April 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 April 1992[101]
 Finland 1 June 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 June 1977[102]
 France26 June 1960See France–Madagascar relations

both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1960.[103]

 Germany26 June 1960See Germany–Madagascar relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1960[106]

  • Germany has an embassy in Antananarivo.
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Berlin.
 Greece1962
  • Greece is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.[107]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Greece from its embassy in Rome, Italy.[107]
 Holy See24 December 1966[108]
  • Holy See has an apostolic nunciature in Antananarivo.
  • Madagascar is accredited to the Holy See from its embassy in Paris, France.
 Hungary 1 December 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1975.[109]
 Iceland22 September 2006Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2006[110]
  • Iceland is accredited to Madagascar from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Reykjavík.
  • Madagascar is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
 Ireland2005Both countries established diplomatic relations.
  • Ireland is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique
  • Madagascar is accredited to Ireland from its embassy in London, United Kingdom
 Latvia 26 September 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2018[111]
 Lithuania 29 November 2017 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 2017[112]
 Malta 22 September 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2021[113]
 Moldova 28 May 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1993.[114]
 Monaco 11 December 2020 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 December 2020[115]
 Netherlands 16 March 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1961 when has been accredited Ambassador of Netherlands to Madagascar with residence in Addis Ababa Mr. J.I.M. Welsing.[116]
 North Macedonia 18 October 2002 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 2002[117]
 Norway27 October 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1960[118]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Norway from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Norway has an embassy in Antananarivo.
 Poland28 November 1973Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 November 1973[119]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Poland is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in Antananarivo.
 Romania10 September 1968

The two countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 1968.[120]

  • Madagascar is accredited to Romania from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Romania is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Russia29 September 1972See Madagascar–Russia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 September 1972.[121]

During the 2009 Malagasy political crisis, Russia's Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov stated that Russia is "concerned by the increased frequency of attempts on the African continent to resort to non-constitutional methods of solving internal political problems." He went on to say that, in addition to increasing economic and social problems, the use of force is of concern and runs counter to democratic principles, whilst affirming Russia's support of the African Union's position.[122]

 San Marino 23 September 2022 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2022[125]
 Serbia9 December 1969

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1969.[126]

  • A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between the two countries.[127]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Serbia is accredited to Madagascar from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City, United States.
 Slovakia 16 February 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1996.[128]
 Slovenia 5 October 2006 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 2006[129]
 Spain25 March 1966Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 1966[130]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  Switzerland13 June 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 June 1961[131]
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Antananarivo.
 Ukraine 10 June 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1993.[132]
 United Kingdom 27 June 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1960 when British Consul General Andrew Ronalds becomes Ambassador to Madagascar.[133]

Oceania

See also

References

  1. ↑ Ford, Peter; Peterson, Scott; Brown, Ryan Lenora (July 30, 2017). "Can famine be checked as Africa faces its worst crisis since the 1980s?". Christian Science Monitor.
  2. ↑ Pr. Borsali Fewzi. "Culture du dialogue : Algérie –Afrique sub-saharienne 1962-1988" (in French). p. 40. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  3. ↑ "Coopération : le Botswana s'intéresse à la Grande île". newsmada.com (in French). 15 February 2017. Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  4. ↑ "Madagascar: Comores-Madagascar - Réunion d'une commission mixte avant-hier". allAfrica (in French). 16 October 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  5. ↑ Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa Issues 1497-1511. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. 1974. p. 36. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  6. ↑ "Manque de confiance des bailleurs de fonds : Déblocage incertain des financements europeens". midi-madagasikara.mg (in French). 18 September 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  7. ↑ "Etat des Relations". Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation Internationale Djibouti (in French). Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  8. ↑ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 3269-3342. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1970. p. 8.
  9. ↑ "Le Président de la République reçoit les lettres de créances des nouveaux ambassadeurs de l'Erythrée et de la Slovaquie". alwihdainfo.com (in French). 12 April 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  10. ↑ "Revue de la Présidence de la République de Madagascar - Octobre 2015". presidence.gov.mg (in French). 30 June 2016. p. 19. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  11. ↑ "Lettres de creances: les nouveaux ambassadeurs du Mexique, dela Colombie, du Swaziland, et du Venezuela a Iavoloha". presidence.gov.mg (in French). 21 October 2015. Archived from the original on 29 October 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  12. ↑ André Lewin (2009). Ahmed Sékou Touré, 1922-1984: 1958-1960 (chapitres 31 à 40): Sékou Touré ouvre Guinée sur le monde extérieur : les deux Allemagne, les Nations Unies, l'Afrique, la Chine et le pays d'Asie, les États-Unis, Israël (in French). L'Harmattan. p. 90.
  13. ↑ "Malagasy: Chief Jonathan Of Lesotho Arrives For Official Visit. 1971". British Pathé. 8 December 1971. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  14. ↑ ARR: Arab Report and Record - Page 31. Economic Features, Limited. 1974.
  15. ↑ "Notre ambassadeur à Antananarivo remet ses lettres de créances au Président malgache". Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 13 November 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  16. ↑ "Historical links between Mauritius and Madagascar". Embassy of the Republic of Mauritius in Antananarivo. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  17. ↑ Revue de l'océan Indien Madagascar - Issues 130-137 - Page 64. Communication et médias océan Indien. 1994.
  18. ↑ Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p. 216.
  19. ↑ Diplomatic List. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Protocol. 2009. p. 2.
  20. ↑ "Iavoloha : Trois ambassadeurs chez Hery Rajaonarimampianina". midi-madagasikara.mg (in French). 14 January 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  21. ↑ Africa. Agence France Presse. 1971. p. 12.
  22. ↑ "Iavoloha : Valse diplomatique hier". midi-madagasikara.mg (in French). 18 January 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  23. ↑ Newsom, David D. (2019). The Diplomatic Record 1989-1990. Routledge. The Republic of Seychelles established diplomatic relations with the Democratic Republic of Madagascar.
  24. ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1966. p. 657.
  25. ↑ "BILATERAL AGREEMENTS SIGNED BY SOUTH AFRICA AS ON 25 JUNE 2020". Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  26. ↑ "Embassy of Madagascar in Pretoria". Madagascar.org.za. 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 2017-08-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  27. ↑ "Department of International Relations and Cooperation - South Africa". Dfa.gov.za.
  28. ↑ "Diplomatie : Les ambassadeurs belge et soudanais à Iavoloha". midi-madagasikara.mg (in French). 16 April 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  29. ↑ "Malagasy Republic: Visiting Tanzanian Foreign Minister Signs Diplomatic, Economic And Cultural Agreements.1973". British Pathé. 30 June 1973. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  30. ↑ "Iavoloha : 4 ambassadeurs chez Hery Rajaonarimampianina, hier". midi-madagasikara.mg (in French). 26 March 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  31. ↑ ARR: Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1969. p. 104.
  32. ↑ Africa Research Bulletin - Page 2984. Blackwell. 1973.
  33. ↑ Le Mois en Afrique - Issues 186-193 - Page 155. 1981.
  34. ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Argentina and Madagascar as of 20 July 2001. UN Digital Library". 20 July 2001.
  35. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Brazil and Madagascar as of 7 Oct. 1996. UN Digital Library". 7 October 1996.
  36. ↑ A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations, 1925-1983. Canadian Library Association, 1985. p. 35.
  37. ↑ Government of Canada, Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada (9 September 2013). "High Commission of Canada to South Africa". Canadainternational.gc.ca. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  38. ↑ "Embassy of Madagascar in Canada". Madagascar-embassy.ca. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  39. ↑ Reseña histórica de la presencia chilena en África (in Spanish)
  40. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Colombia and Madagascar as of 15 June 1995. UN Digital Library". 15 June 1995.
  41. ↑ Colombia Embassies
  42. ↑ "MEMORIA ANUAL 2015. Page 22 (in Spanish)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2022-01-06.
  43. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Madagascar and Dominican Republic as at 23 Sept. 2022 (United Nations Digital Library)".
  44. ↑ "NOMBRAMIENTOS DIPLOMATICOS DE RECIENTE INGRESO AL SENADO DE LA REPUBLICA EN AFRICA, EL CARIBE Y EUROPA. Page 9 (in Spanish)" (PDF).
  45. ↑ Embassy of Madagascar in the United States
  46. ↑ Embassy of Mexico in South Africa
  47. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Nicaragua and Madagascar as of 26 Oct. 1984. UN Digital Library". 26 October 1982.
  48. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Madagascar".
  49. ↑ "Malagasy Embassy - EMBASSY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MADAGASCAR IN WASHINGTON D.C." Madagascar-embassy.org. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  50. ↑ "Home - Madagascar - United States Mission". Antananarivo.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on 2017-05-02. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  51. ↑ "Background Note: Madagascar". Webcitation.org. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  52. ↑ "Madagascar". State.gov. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  53. ↑ "El gobierno y pueblo de Venezuela envían un mensaje solidario y fraterno al pueblo de Madagascar al cumplirse 13 años del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas".
  54. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) and Madagascar as of 17 Nov. 2008. UN Digital Library".
  55. ↑ "Madagascar - Bilateral Relations - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia". mfa.am. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  56. 1 2 "Madaqaskar". mfa.gov.az. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
  57. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Bahrain and Madagascar as at 23 Sept. 2022 (United Nations Digital Library)".
  58. ↑ "Palais d'Iavoloha : Une valse diplomatique". midi-madagasikara.mg (in French). 5 March 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  59. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Brunei Darussalam and Madagascar as of 20 Oct. 1992. UN Digital Library".
  60. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Madagascar and Cambodia as of 25 Mar. 1997. UN Digital Library".
  61. ↑ "Madagascar -- china.org.cn". China.org.cn. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  62. ↑ "Ambassade de la République Populaire de Chine en République de Madagascar". China-embassy.org. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  63. ↑ "誉鼎娱乐-誉鼎娱乐平台". Ambamadbeijing.com. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  64. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Georgia and Madagascar as of 24 May 2007. UN Digital Library".
  65. 1 2 "India-Madagascar Relations" (PDF). Mea.gov.in. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  66. ↑ "India - Madagascar Relations" (PDF). Mea.gov.in. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  67. ↑ "Embassy of India, Antananarivo, Madagascar". Embassyofindia.mg. Archived from the original on 2018-08-28. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  68. ↑ "Your IP is blacklisted in bl.hostprotect.net - redirecting". mae.gov.mg. Archived from the original on 14 March 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  69. ↑ "Hubungan Indonesia Madagaskar (in Indonesian)".
  70. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-07. Retrieved 2017-02-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  71. ↑ "Japan-Madagascar Relations (Basic Data)". Mofa.go.jp. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  72. ↑ "Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан (MFA Kazakhstan) (in Russian)". Archived from the original on 20 February 2020.
  73. ↑ Record of the Arab World: Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics, Volume 1. Research and Publishing House., 1973. p. 226.
  74. ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Lao People's Democratic Republic and Madagascar as of 27 Feb. 1980. UN Digital Library".
  75. ↑ "عون:استقبل وزيرة خارجيّة مدغشقر ووفوداً". iss-foundation.com (in Arabic). 5 May 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  76. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Malaysia and Madagascar as of 6 Apr. 1995. UN Digital Library".
  77. ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Madagascar and Mongolia as of 10 May 1979. UN Digital Library".
  78. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Madagascar and Nepal as of 26 Sept. 2018. UN Digital Library".
  79. ↑ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). ncnk.org. August 2016. p. 4. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  80. ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Madagascar and Oman as of 29 June 2016. UN Digital Library".
  81. ↑ "The State of Qatar and the Republic of Madagascar Establish Diplomatic Relations".
  82. ↑ "Saudi Arabia and Madagascar established diplomatic relations (in Arabic language)".
  83. ↑ "Milestones of Singapore's External Relations August 1965-May 2005. Page 448". doi:10.1142/9789812567628_bmatter (inactive 1 August 2023).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2023 (link)
  84. ↑ "Overview (MFA Republic of Korea)".
  85. ↑ "Dates of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations (MFA Sri Lanka)".
  86. ↑ "LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-09-23. Retrieved 2022-01-06.
  87. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Madagascar and Thailand as of 30 Nov. 1990. UN Digital Library".
  88. 1 2 3 "Relations between Turkey and Madagascar".
  89. ↑ "STATES WITH WHICH TURKMENISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS".
  90. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Madagascar and United Arab Emirates as of 22 Sept. 2016. UN Digital Library".
  91. ↑ "Republic of Madagascar". vietnam.gov.vn. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  92. ↑ Current Background Issues 1045-1048. American Consulate General. 1976. p. 4. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  93. ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Andorra and Madagascar as of 25 Sept. 2018. UN Digital Library".
  94. ↑ "26 июня: этот день в истории". Жыцце Палесся (in Russian). 26 June 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  95. ↑ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian).
  96. ↑ "Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Republic of Croatia Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  97. ↑ "MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Cyprus Diplomatic Missions Abroad". Mfa.gov.cy. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  98. ↑ "MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Honorary Consular Officers of the Republic of Cyprus". Mfa.gov.cy. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  99. ↑ "Danemark". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Madagascar (in French). Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  100. 1 2 "Madagaskar". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  101. ↑ "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia (MFA Estonia in Estonian)".
  102. ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Finland and Madagascar as of 1 Jun. 1977. UN Digital Library".
  103. ↑ "Liste chronologique des ambassadeurs, envoyes extraordinaires, ministres plenipotentiaires et charges d'affaires de France a l'etranger depuis 1945" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  104. ↑ "La France à Madagascar". Ambafrance-mada.org. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  105. ↑ "Accueil". Ambassade Madagascar.
  106. ↑ "Madagaskar: Aufnahme diplomatischer Beziehungen (in German)".
  107. 1 2 "Greece's Bilateral Relations". Mfa.gr. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  108. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Of The Holy See".
  109. ↑ Magyar Külpolitikai Évkönyv 1968-2010 Magyar Külpolitikai Évkönyv, 1975 (in Hungarian). p. 47. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  110. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Iceland and Madagascar as of 22 Sept. 2006. UN Digital Library".
  111. ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Latvia and Madagascar as of 26 Sept. 2018. UN Digital Library".
  112. ↑ "Lithuania establishes diplomatic relations with Madagascar (MFA Lithuania)".
  113. ↑ "Malta and Madagascar signed an agreement establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries". Archived from the original on 2022-02-26.
  114. ↑ "Republica Madagascar". mfa.gov.md (in Romanian). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  115. ↑ "Cérémonie des remises des lettres de créances de SEM Olivier Rija RAJOHNSON au Prince souverain S.A.S ALBERT II de Monaco".
  116. ↑ Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1960. p. 103.
  117. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations between Madagascar and The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia as of 18 Oct. 2002. UN Digital Library".
  118. ↑ "Norges opprettelse av diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater (in Norwegian)" (PDF).
  119. ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Poland and Republic of Madagascar were established".
  120. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  121. ↑ "50 years of Russia-Madagascar bilateral relations". MFA Russia. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  122. ↑ "Transcript of Remarks and Response to Media Questions by Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Sergey Lavrov at Joint Press Conference Following Talks with Ojo Maduekwe, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nigeria, Moscow, March 17, 2009" (Press release). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. 17 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
  123. ↑ "Посольство Мадагаскара в РФ - Обращение Посла МАДАГАСКАРА в РФ". Ambamadagascar.ru. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  124. ↑ "Главная - Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации". Madagasxar.mid.ru. Archived from the original on 2011-04-30. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
  125. ↑ "Relations diplomatiques : Madagascar noue des relations avec la République dominicaine, le Royaume du Bahreïn et Saint-Marin".
  126. ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1969. p. 1623.
  127. ↑ "МАDAGASCAR" (DOC). Mfa.gov.rs. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  128. ↑ "Madagaskar: Základné informácie". mzv.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  129. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Madagascar and Slovenia as of 5 Oct. 2006. UN Digital Library". 5 October 2006.
  130. ↑ "MADAGASCAR FICHA PAIS" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 4. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  131. ↑ "Madagascar et la Suisse fêtent aujourd'hui 60 ans de relations bilatérales le 13 juin 1961".
  132. ↑ "Middle East and Africa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. 20 June 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  133. ↑ "An Anglo-Malagasy chronology". The Anglo-Malagasy Society. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.