Nations with which Mali has diplomatic relations.
A Malian Visa

Following independence in 1960, Mali initially followed a socialist path and was aligned ideologically with the communist bloc. Mali's foreign policy orientation became increasingly pragmatic and pro-Western over time. Since the institution of a democratic form of government in 1992, Mali's relations with the West in general and the United States in particular have improved significantly. U.S.-Malian relations are described by the U.S. Department of State as "excellent and expanding," especially given Mali's recent record of democratic stability in the volatile area of West Africa and its avowed support of the war on terrorism. Mali is reported to be one of the largest recipients of U.S. aid in Africa.[1]

Mali is active in regional organizations such as the African Union (AU). Working to control and resolve regional conflicts, such as in Ivory Coast, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, is one of Mali's major foreign policy goals. Mali feels threatened by the potential for the spillover of conflicts in neighboring states, and relations with those neighbors are often uneasy. General insecurity along borders in the north, including cross-border banditry and terrorism, remain troubling issues in regional regions.[1]

Although Azawad, a region spanning the expansive north of Mali, was proclaimed independent in April 2012 by Tuareg rebels, Mali has not recognised the de facto state.[2] Britain has closed its embassy; ECOWAS has declared an embargo against Mali, aiming to squeeze out Malian oil supplies; closed Mali's assets in the ECOWAS regional bank and has prepared a potential intervention force of 3,000 troops. France has declared it will assist in a potential intervention.[3]

Multilateral membership

Mali is a member of the United Nations (and many of its specialized agencies), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Universal Postal Union (UPU) and the International Criminal Court (ICC). It also belongs to the Organisation of African Unity (OAU); Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC); Non-Aligned Movement (NAM); an associate member of the European Community (EC); and African Development Bank (ADB).

Mali is active in regional organizations. It participates in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the West African Economic Monetary Union (UEMOA) for regional economic integration; Liptako-Gourma Authority, which seeks to develop the contiguous areas of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso; the Niger River Commission; the Permanent Interstate Committee for drought control in the Sahel (CILSS); and the Senegal River Valley Development Organization (OMVS).

Historically, Mali has used these organizations to leverage the promotion of regional peacekeeping efforts. One of the largest issues facing the country is security threats from extremist groups and consequential political unrest. One of the most prominent examples of this is Mali's former membership the G5 Sahel with the fellow member states Burkina Faso (formerly), Chad, Mauritania, and Niger (formerly). The Sahel was originally formed on February 16, 2014, with the main objective of encouraging security and development. This partnership is historically significant due to the group's shared colonizer, France. In its first year of existence, the organization formed a legal framework for strategic intervention and a secretariat located in Nouakchott, Mauritania.[4] The framework was titled the Development and Security Strategy (SDS). In 2017, the G5 Sahel Joint Force was created and funded through the Priority Investment Program (PIP), aiming to reduce violence and create more stability in the region. In a December 2018 coordination conference, $2.6 billion was pledged from foreign nations including the United States, European Union, Saudi Arabia, and China. American and French financial support is suspected to be, in part, a result of their consequentially lowered troop commitment in the region. This military collective targets organized crime and religious extremists specifically with cross-border operations. In addition to military-centered approaches, Mali and Niger have implemented Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration, or DDR, programs while Mauritania and Burkina Faso have not. DDR is an approach that removes weapons, breaks up crime organizations, and reintegrates combatants into civilian life or state-sanctioned armed forces. Although more costly and time-intensive, DDR has proven to be more sustainable than other stabilization approaches over time.[5] The G5 Sahel has been weakening in the most recent years, with many forces from the European Union pulling their troops to concentrate their efforts on the ongoing Ukrainian conflict.[6] However, to compensate, the Sahel member states have reported on plans to expand the size of their force from six to fourteen battalions.[7] Biannual reports from the Sahel have revealed that the efforts have become increasingly dire with high humanitarian needs and large terrorist activity with large resource and land occupation.[8] This eventually lead to its withdrawal on May 15, 2022.[9]

As seen with the G5-Sahel, Mali has not been a particularly active or compliant member of these organizations as a result of their ongoing political unrest. Despite some early successful peacekeeping initiatives by ECOWAS and the AU, their most recent joint policies are facing challenges of limited institutional capacity, low enforcement, and inexplicit language surrounding its implementation.[10] ECOWAS was originally founded to promote economic development across its 15 West African member states, but also works to promote political institutions and stability. Recently, it promised to end the unconstitutional takeover of political power in member states,[11] but Mali has since developed new policies to distance themselves from the organization and limit its reach.[12]

The UN has also attempted many peacekeeping missions focusing on political unrest, economic objectives, and women's rights throughout Mali's history. The most notable effort began with the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) in 2013. In 2022, Mali restricted United Nations peacekeeping operations through their security council[13] and, in June 2023, asked for them to be removed. Although this program is being dissolved, some UN presence will remain in Mali. This effort kept about 15,000 soldiers and police personnel in Mali throughout the project's decade, but has recently been threatened by nearby territorial conflicts. It is also rumored that this removal may be the result of some strategic differences.[14] Since the AU's creation in 2002, there have been some difficulties aligning it with the UN. Generally, the AU prioritizes short-term solutions over long-term, which is opposite to the UN. This disagreement has contributed to arguments about jurisdiction and the correct approach to security efforts.[15]

Bilateral relations

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria22 July 1963

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 July 1963 when has been accredited first Ambassador of Mali to Algeria Mr. Tidjani Guisse.[16]

During the Tuareg rebellion of 2012, the Algerian consulate was seized by at least two people wearing explosives belts. Seven hostages were taken, including the consul. In regards to Azawad's UDI, Algeria's Prime Minister has declared it would never "accept questioning Mali's territorial integrity" Algeria has planned to co-ordinate with MNLA to work towards freeing the hostages.

  • Algeria has an embassy in Bamako.
  • Mali has an embassy in Algiers.
 Argentina 8 September 1964 Both countries cestablished diplomatic relations on 8 September 1964[17]
 Armenia21 February 1994

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994[18]

 Australia 15 March 1984 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 March 1984 when first non-resident Ambassador of Mali to Australia Mr. Boubacar Toure presented his credentials[19]
 Azerbaijan 26 November 1996
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 November 1996[20]
  • The Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the Kingdom of Morocco is accredited to the Republic of Mali.[21]
 Bahrain 6 June 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 1977[22]
 Barbados 22 July 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 July 2021[23]
 Belgium 1 August 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1963 when M. Gerard Walravens, first Ambassador of Belgium to Mali, resident in Abidjan, presented his letters of credentials to President Modibo Keita.[24]
 Benin 27 August 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 August 1965 when first ambassador of Mali to Dahomey (resident in Niamey) Mr. Hangadoumbo Toure presented his credentials.[25]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 10 December 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1994[26]
 Botswana 5 June 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 June 2007[27]
 Brazil24 January 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1962.[28]
  • Brazil has an embassy in Bamako.
  • Mali has an embassy in Brasília.
 Bulgaria 23 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 October 1960.[29]
 Burundi 4 November 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 November 1964 when appointed first Ambassador of Mali to Burundi (resident in Dar es Salaam) Mr. Boubacar Diallo[30]
 Canada7 January 1963See Canada–Mali relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1963[31]

Mali established its embassy in Canada in 1978, with its first appointed ambassador Zana Ousmane Dao,[32] while Canada's embassy in Mali has been open since 1995.[33] Canada has moved from Mali's sixth-largest donor of bilateral official development assistance in 2000 to third-largest in 2007.[34] The value of Canada's exports of goods to Mali exceeded imports from Mali by Cdn.$22m. between 1990 and 2008.[35] Natural Resources Canada estimated that Canadian mining investment in Mali reached Cdn.$500 million in 2009,[36] and in 2005, 73 mining concessions were held by Canadian firms in Mali.[37]

  • Canada has an embassy in Bamako.
  • Mali has an embassy in Ottawa.
 Chile 5 September 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 September 1963[38]
 China25 October 1960See China–Mali relations

China established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Mali on 25 October 1960[39]

  • China has an embassy in Bamako.
  • Mali has an embassy in Beijing.[40]
 Colombia 29 September 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 September 1988[41]
 Comoros 16 February 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 2016 when Ambassador of Mali to Comoros Mr. Mahamane Aoudou Cisse presented his credentials to President Dr. Ikililou Dhoinine.[42]
 Republic of Congo 27 November 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 November 1964 when Ambassador of Mali to Congo-Brazzaville Mr. Alioune Diakite, presented his credentials to President Alphonse Massamba-Debat.[43]
 Cote d'Ivoire 16 April 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 April 1962 when M. Amadou Hampate Ba has been appointed as Minister Plenipotentiary with the rank and prerogatives of Ambassador of Mali to Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (resident in Abidjan).[44]
 Croatia 13 September 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 September 2001[45]
 Cuba30 December 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1960[46]
  • Cuba has an embassy in Bamako.
  • Mali has an embassy in Havana.
 Cyprus 26 January 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 January 1990 when first Ambassador of Mali to Cyprus Mr. Sinally Coulibaly presented his credentials[47]
 Czech Republic 10 August 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 August 1960.[48]
 Dominican Republic 15 September 2006 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 September 2006[49]
 Ecuador 17 April 2015 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 April 2015[50]
 Egypt 10 January 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1961[51]
 El Salvador 23 September 2014 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2014[52]
 Equatorial Guinea 4 November 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 November 1993.[53]
 Eritrea 16 February 2012 Both countreies established diplomatic relations on 16 February 2012 when Ambassador of Mali to Eritrea Mr. Moussa Diakite, has presented his credentials to President Isaias Afwerki.[54]
 Estonia 13 November 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1992[55]
 Ethiopia 23 March 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 March 1964 when first Ambassador of the Republic of Mali, Mr. Modibo Diallo, has presented his credentials to Emperor Haile Selassie[56]
 Finland18 August 2005See Finland–Mali relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 August 2005[57]

 France20 August 1960

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1960[58]

Mali has a longstanding relationship with France, its former colonial ruler, but relations have been described as ambivalent rather than close. Mali dropped out of the Franc Zone shortly after independence, not rejoining until 1967. One contentious issue between the two nations is the frequent expulsion of illegal Malian immigrants from France since 1996.[1]

However, France has played a significant part in helping Mali via military support in the Northern Mali conflict, with soldiers of the two nations' armies working together to take back territory from the rebels.[59] This military intervention, named Operation Barkhane, had the main objectives of strengthening Mali's armed forces and counterrorism efforts which began in 2013.[60] It was meant to bring stability to the state's institutions but, ultimately, helped to enable the 2020 military-led coup d'état.[61] In 2022, Mali expelled the last 2,400 troops of the advanced French military services due to increased violence and worsening conditions following the 2021 coup.[62] This marked a shift in relations between the two countries but appears to have not threatened other forms of support, such as financial aid. France has historically lent significant funding to Mali, most notably starting in December 2018 during the G-5 Sahel's Joint Force's Priority Investment Program (PIP) conference. This funding was meant to boost security efforts with the G5 Sahel, raising US$2.6 billion in pledges for the region from international donors.[5] Since the dismantling of the Sahel, it is unclear if and how these funds have been distributed. France also donated US$128 million between 2020–2021 to Mali through the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC).[63]

  • France has an embassy in Bamako.
  • Mali has an embassy in Paris.
 Gambia 25 June 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 1971 when Gambia's first Ambassador to Mali, Mr. Samuel Jonathan Okiki Sarr, presented his credentials to the Head of States, Lieut. Traore.[64]
 Georgia 31 May 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 May 2012[65]
 Germany 23 September 1960 See Germany–Mali relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 1960[66]

 Ghana 14 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 October 1960 when established Embassy of Mali in Ghana and appointed first Charges d'Affaires Mr. Sow Oumar in Accra[69]
 Guatemala 7 July 2006 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 2006[70]
 Guinea 7 March 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 March 1962 when M. Thiemoko Compah has been appointed as Minister Resident of Mali to Republic of Guinea.[71]
 Hungary 12 March 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1961[72]
 Iceland 23 July 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 2004[73]
 India24 January 1962See India–Mali relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1962.[74]

 Indonesia 21 June 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 1965 when M. Souraedi Tashi, Indonesia's first Ambassador to Mali, presented his credentials to President Modibo Keita.[77]
 Iran 12 April 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 April 1975[78]
 Italy 27 April 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1962 when first Ambassador of Mali to Italy (resident in Paris) Mr. Bokar N'Diaye presented his credentials to President Giovanni Gronchi.[79]
 Jamaica 17 December 2003 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 December 2003[80]
 Japan 18 January 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1962 when has been appointed ambassador of Japan to Mali with residence in Ghana Mr. Susumu Nakagawa.[81]
 Jordan 25 April 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 April 1988[82]
 Kazakhstan 26 November 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 November 1992[83]
 Kenya 4 November 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 November 1964 when appointed first Ambassador of Mali to Kenya (resident in Dar es Salaam) Mr. Boubacar Diallo[30]
 Kuwait 3 July 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 July 1963 when Mali's first Ambassador to Kuwait presented credentials to Amir Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salem Al-Sabah.[84]
 Kyrgyzstan 5 November 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1992[85]
 Laos 2 January 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 January 1977[86]
 Latvia 26 November 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 November 1992[87]
 Lebanon 9 October 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 1961 when first Lebanese Ambassador to Mali (resident in Accra) Dr. Karim Azqul presented his credentials to President Modibo Keita.[88]
 Liberia 14 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 October 1960 when established Embassy of Mali in Liberia and appointed first Chargé d'Affaires Mr. Sango Ibrahima in Monrovia[89]
 Libya17 November 1972See Libya-Mali relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 November 1972 when the first Libyan Ambassador to Mali, Muhammad Ahmad Mograhi, presented his credentials to President Mousa Traore.[90]

  • Libya has an embassy in Bamako.
  • Mali has an embassy in Tripoli.
 Lithuania 21 November 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 November 1995[91]
 Luxembourg 15 December 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1965.[92]
 Malawi 2 August 2023 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 August 2023 when Ambassador of Mali Mr. Bakary Coulibaly, presented his credentials to President of Malawi Dr. Lazarus Chakwera.[93]
 Maldives 16 October 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 October 1980.[94]
 Malta 8 December 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 1980.[95]
 MauritaniaSee Mali–Mauritania relations

Since Mauritania negotiated a boundary dispute with Mali in 1963, ties between the two countries have been mostly cordial.[96] Mali and Mauritania have cooperated on several development projects, such as the OMVS and a plan to improve roads between Nouakchott and Bamako.[96] This cooperation somewhat lessened Mali's dependence on Senegal and Ivory Coast.[96] Although relations were warm with other black African states, since 1965 the orientation of Mauritania's foreign policy has been geared towards relations with North African countries.[96]

  • Mali has an embassy in Nouakchott.
  • Mauritania has an embassy in Bamako.
 Mauritius 1 December 2003 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 2003[97]
 Mexico23 March 1977Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 March 1977[98]
  • Mali is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[99]
  • Mexico is accredited to Mali from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco and has an honorary consulate in Bamako.[100]
 Moldova 27 September 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2004[101]
 Monaco 26 January 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 January 2012[102]
 Mongolia 25 January 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1961[103]
 Montenegro 10 May 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 2012[104]
 Morocco 10 January 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1961[105]
 Namibia 27 October 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 2004 when has been accredited non-resident Ambassador of Mali to Namibia Mr. Sinally Coulibaly.[106]
   Nepal 19 November 2009 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 November 2009.[107]
 Netherlands11 July 1964See Mali–Netherlands relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 July 1964 when has been accredited Ambassador of the Netherlands to Mali with residence in Dakar.[108]

 New Zealand 6 March 1983 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 1983 when first Mali Ambassador to New Zealand (resident in Peking), Mr. Boubacar Toure presented his credentials to the Governor-General[109]
 Nicaragua 27 July 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 July 1993 when Ambassador of Mali to Nicaragua Mr. Souleymane Yacouba Sidibe has presented his credentials.[110]
 Nigeria 1 August 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962[111]
 Norway 17 June 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 June 1977[112]
 Pakistan1964Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1964 when has been accredited Ambassador of Pakistan to Mali Mr. J. G. Kharas.[113]
  • Mali is accredited to Pakistan from its embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
 Paraguay 25 June 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 2010[114]
 Peru 16 July 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 July 1998[115]
 Poland12 May 1961See Mali–Poland relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1961[116]

 Portugal 17 December 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 December 1976.[117]
 Romania 1 December 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1960[118]
 Russia14 October 1960See Mali–Russia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 October 1960[119]

 Rwanda 6 January 1987 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 January 1987 when Ambassador of Mali Mr.Moktar Kounta El Bakaye presented his credentials to President of Rwanda Juvénal Habyarimana.[120]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 11 June 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 June 2007[121]
 Seychelles April 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations in April 2001.[122]
 Singapore 29 August 1989 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 August 1989.[123]
 Slovakia 12 February 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 1993.[124]
 Slovenia 3 December 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 December 1992[125]
 South Africa 6 May 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 May 1994[126]
 South Korea27 September 1990

Both countries estadlished diplomatic relations on 27 September 1990[127]

  • Mali is accredited to South Korea from its embassy in Beijing, China.
 Spain20 August 1964See Mali–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1964[128]

  • Mali has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Bamako.
 Sri Lanka 19 January 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 January 2012[129]
 Sudan 19 August 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 August 1962.[130]
 Sweden 25 January 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1965 when first Ambassador of Sweden to Mali with residence in Abidjan Mr. Karl Henrik Anderson, presented his letters of credentials.[131]
  Switzerland 26 May 1961 Both coutties established diplomatic relations on 26 May 1961[132]
 Tajikistan 15 October 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 October 1993.[133]
 Tanzania 24 November 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 November 1964 when first Ambassador of Mali to Tanzania presented his credentials to President Julius Nyerere[134]
 Thailand 15 September 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 September 1981.[135]
 Turkey17 April 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 April 1963 when accredited first Ambassador of Turkey to Mali (resident in Accra) Mr. Kamran Acet.[136]
  • Mali has an embassy in Ankara.[137]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Bamako.[137]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$57 million in 2019 (Mali's exports/imports: 8.6/48.4 million USD).[137]
 Turkmenistan 16 November 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 November 1992[138]
 Uganda 4 November 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 November 1964 when appointed first Ambassador of Mali to Uganda (resident in Dar es Salaam) Mr. Boubacar Diallo[30]
 Ukraine 5 November 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1992[139]
 United States24 September 1960See Mali–United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 September 1960[140] The bilateral agenda is dominated by efforts to increase broad-based growth, improve health and educational facilities, promote the sustainable use of natural resources, reduce the population growth rate, counter the spread of highly infectious diseases, encourage regional stability, build peacekeeping capabilities, institutionalize respect for human rights, and strengthen democratic institutions in offering good governance. Mali currently is a small market for U.S. trade and investment, but there is potential for considerable growth as its economy expands.[141]

The majority of Mali-US relations and support is centered around military efforts in the form of intelligence, equipment, and financial aid valuing over $588 million, which began in 2017.[142] From 2020 to 2021, US$205 million was also donated in aid through OECD-DAC.[143] This pledged support was announced as conditional on Mali's ability to uphold elections on an agreed timeframe. Although this election timeframe has not been upheld, USAID is currently giving to the distinct initiatives of Agriculture and Economic Growth, Education, Health, Humanitarian Assistance, Multi-Sectoral Nutrition, and Peace, Democracy, and Governance (PDG) Programs.[144] The most recent coups, expulsion of foreign troops, and rejection of intergovernmental foreign aid has made these programs less stable, but has not slowed donations or halted the US support.

 Uzbekistan 13 February 1997 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 February 1997[145]
 Venezuela 24 December 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 December 1976[146]
 Vietnam 31 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 October 1960[147]
 Zambia 2 October 1987 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 October 1987 when has been accredited Ambassador of Mali to Zambia (Resident in Cairo) Mr. Elbekaye Moctar Kounta.[148]
 Zimbabwe 23 March 2006 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 March 2006 when Ambassador of Mali to Zimbabwe (resident in Pretoria), presented his credentials to President Mugabe.[149]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Mali country profile. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (January 2005). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ↑ "Tuareg rebels declare the independence of Azawad, north of Mali". Al Arabiya. 6 April 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  3. ↑ "AU, US reject Mali rebels' independence declaration – Yahoo! News". Archived from the original on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  4. ↑ "G5 Sahel". 7 October 2020.
  5. 1 2 "Take It to the People: A Civil-Military Roadmap for the G5 Sahel | Wilson Center".
  6. ↑ "Disjointed force".
  7. ↑ "G5 Sahel Joint Force: Briefing and Consultations : What's in Blue : Security Council Report".
  8. ↑ "ASG Pobee: "Notwithstanding the support extended to the G5 Sahel, stabilizing the region hinges on aligning our policies and approaches, and on putting the Sahelian people at the forefront of our efforts." | Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs".
  9. ↑ "Mali's withdrawal from G5 Sahel, Joint Force 'a setback' for the region | UN News". 19 May 2022.
  10. ↑ Aning, Kwesi; Edu-Afful, Fiifi (23 December 2023). "African Agency in R2P: Interventions by African Union and ECOWAS in Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, and Libya". International Studies Review. 18 (1): 120–133. doi:10.1093/isr/viv017. JSTOR 24758342.
  11. ↑ Affa'a-Mindzie, Mireille; Perry, Chris (23 December 2023). "Mali and the Sahel-Sahara". International Peace Institute.
  12. ↑ Bolarinwa, Joshua O.; Adeleke, Adewole A. (23 December 2023). "ECOWAS and the promotion of democracy in Mali, Guinea and the Gambia". Lagos Historical Review. 20 (1): 159–176.
  13. ↑ https://allafrica.com/stories/202312120419.html
  14. ↑ "Mali rejects human rights mandate".
  15. ↑ Weiss, Thomas G.; Welz, Martin (23 December 2023). "The UN and the African Union in Mali and beyond: A shotgun wedding?". International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-). 90 (4): 889–905. JSTOR 24538203.
  16. ↑ "CHRONOLOGIE INTERNATIONALE Etablissement des relations diplomatiques par l'Algérie" (in French). p. 38. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  17. ↑ "Decreto 7.009/64 - Establecimiento de Relaciones Diplomáticas entre la República Argentina y la República de Malí y Creación de Embajada". Biblioteca Digital de Tratados (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  18. ↑ "Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  19. ↑ Foreign Representation in Australia. Australian foreign affairs record.Vol. 55 No. 3 (March 1984). p. 300. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  20. ↑ "The Republic of Mali". Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  21. ↑ "Mali". mfa.gov.az. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  22. ↑ "Bilateral Relations". mofa.gov.bh. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  23. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Barbados and Mali as of 22 July 2021". digitallibrary.un.org. 22 July 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  24. ↑ Europe, France outremer - Issues 393-404 (in French). 1962. p. 53.
  25. ↑ Bulletin de l'Afrique noire - Issues 379-388 (in French). La Documentation africaine. 1965.
  26. ↑ "Dates of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2 April 2010. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  27. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Mali and Botswana as of 5 June 2007". digitallibrary.un.org. 5 June 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  28. ↑ Jean-François Juilliard, Françoise Moussu (23 December 1962). "Chronologie des faits internationaux d'ordre juridique. Annuaire Français de Droit International /Année 1962 / 8". Annuaire Français de Droit International (in French). 8 (1): 1051. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  29. ↑ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian). Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  30. 1 2 3 Bulletin de l'Institut international de droit des pays d'expression française Issues 1-9 (in French). The Institut. 1965. p. 62.
  31. ↑ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  32. ↑ L'Ambassadeur Mamadou Bandiougou Diawara, Welcome, Mali Embassy website."Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 September 2009. Retrieved 11 September 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  33. ↑ Government of Canada, Canada – Mali Relations, web page, Date Modified: 2009-07-06.
  34. ↑ Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. "ODA Total, Net disbursements", OECD.Stat, ODA by Recipient by country, extracted on 30 July 2009 03:34 UTC.
  35. ↑ Industry Canada. "Trade by Product (HS Codes)", Trade Data Online, Trade Type: Trade Balance.
  36. ↑ Government of Canada. Canada – Mali Relations, Modified: 2009-07-06
  37. ↑ Natural Resources Canada. 2006. Canadian minerals yearbook, p.7.23 Archived 4 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  38. ↑ "Reseña histórica de la presencia chilena en África" (in Spanish). p. 10. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  39. ↑ "Mali". china.org.cn. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  40. ↑ "Embassy of Mali in Beijing, China".
  41. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Colombia and Mali as of 29 Sept. 1988". digitallibrary.un.org. 29 September 1988. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  42. ↑ "Le nouvel Ambassadeur de la Republique du Mali a presente ses lettres de creance au Chef de l'Etat SE. Dr. IKILILOU Dhoinine". HABARI ZA COMORES (in French). 20 February 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  43. ↑ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 233-234. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1964. p. 12.
  44. ↑ "Journal officiel du Mali de l'annee 1962" (PDF) (in French). p. 333. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  45. ↑ "Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". mvep.gov.hr. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
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