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2024 |
March 15 in recent years |
2023 (Wednesday) |
2022 (Tuesday) |
2021 (Monday) |
2020 (Sunday) |
2019 (Friday) |
2018 (Thursday) |
2017 (Wednesday) |
2016 (Tuesday) |
2015 (Sunday) |
2014 (Saturday) |
March 15 is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 291 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
- 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years truce.[1]
- 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place on the Ides of March.[2]
- 493 – Odoacer, the first barbarian King of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, is slain by Theoderic the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, while the two kings were feasting together.[3]
- 856 – Michael III, emperor of the Byzantine Empire, overthrows the regency of his mother, empress Theodora (wife of Theophilos) with support of the Byzantine nobility.[4]
- 897 – Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya enters Sa'dah and founds the Zaydi Imamate of Yemen.[5]
- 933 – After a ten-year truce, German King Henry the Fowler defeats a Hungarian army at the Battle of Riade near the Unstrut river.[6]
- 1311 – Battle of Halmyros: The Catalan Company defeats Walter V, Count of Brienne to take control of the Duchy of Athens, a Crusader state in Greece.[7]
- 1564 – Mughal Emperor Akbar abolishes the jizya tax on non-Muslim subjects.[8]
1601–1900
- 1672 – King Charles II of England issues the Royal Declaration of Indulgence, granting limited religious freedom to all Christians.[9]
- 1783 – In an emotional speech in Newburgh, New York, George Washington asks his officers not to support the Newburgh Conspiracy. The plea is successful, and the threatened coup d'état never takes place.[10]
- 1820 – Maine is admitted as the twenty-third U.S. state.[11]
- 1823 – Sailor Benjamin Morrell erroneously reported the existence of the island of New South Greenland near Antarctica.[12]
- 1848 – A revolution breaks out in Hungary, and the Habsburg rulers are compelled to meet the demands of the reform party.[13]
- 1874 – France and Vietnam sign the Second Treaty of Saigon, further recognizing the full sovereignty of France over Cochinchina.[14]
- 1875 – Archbishop of New York John McCloskey is named the first cardinal in the United States.[15]
- 1877 – First ever official cricket test match is played: Australia vs England at the MCG Stadium, in Melbourne, Australia.[16]
- 1888 – Start of the Anglo-Tibetan War of 1888.[17]
1901–present
- 1907 – The first parliamentary elections of Finland (at the time the Grand Duchy of Finland) are held.[18]
- 1917 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates the Russian throne, ending the 304-year Romanov dynasty.[19][20]
- 1918 – Finnish Civil War: The battle of Tampere begins.[21]
- 1919 – Ukrainian War of Independence: The Kontrrazvedka is established as the counterintelligence division of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine.[22]
- 1921 – Talaat Pasha, former Grand Vizir of the Ottoman Empire and chief architect of the Armenian genocide is assassinated in Berlin by a 23-year-old Armenian, Soghomon Tehlirian.[23]
- 1922 – After Egypt gains nominal independence from the United Kingdom, Fuad I becomes King of Egypt.[24]
- 1927 – The first Women's Boat Race between the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge takes place on The Isis in Oxford.[25]
- 1939 – Germany occupies Czechoslovakia.[26]
- 1939 – Carpatho-Ukraine declares itself an independent republic,[27] but is annexed by Hungary the next day.[28]
- 1943 – World War II: Third Battle of Kharkiv: The Germans retake the city of Kharkiv from the Soviet armies.[29]
- 1951 – Iranian oil industry is nationalized.[30]
- 1961 – At the 1961 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference, South Africa announces that it will withdraw from the Commonwealth when the South African Constitution of 1961 comes into effect.[31]
- 1965 – President Lyndon B. Johnson, responding to the Selma crisis, tells U.S. Congress "We shall overcome" while advocating the Voting Rights Act.[32]
- 1974 – Fifteen people are killed when Sterling Airways Flight 901, a Sud Aviation Caravelle, catches fire following a landing gear collapse at Mehrabad International Airport in Tehran, Iran.[33]
- 1978 – Somalia and Ethiopia signed a truce to end the Ethio-Somali War.[34]
- 1986 – Collapse of Hotel New World: Thirty-three people die when the Hotel New World in Singapore collapses.[35]
- 1990 – Mikhail Gorbachev is elected as the first President of the Soviet Union.[36]
- 1991 – Cold War: The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany comes into effect, granting full sovereignty to the Federal Republic of Germany.[37]
- 2008 – Stockpiles of obsolete ammunition explode at an ex-military ammunition depot in the village of Gërdec, Albania, killing 26 people.[38]
- 2011 – Beginning of the Syrian Civil War.[39]
- 2019 – Fifty-one people are killed in the Christchurch mosque shootings.[40]
- 2019 – Beginning of the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests.[41]
- 2019 – Approximately 1.4 million young people in 123 countries go on strike to protest climate change.[42]
- 2022 – The 2022 Sri Lankan protests begins amidst Sri Lanka's economic collapse.[43]
Births
Pre-1600
- 1493 – Anne de Montmorency, French captain and diplomat (d. 1567)[44]
- 1516 – Alqas Mirza, Safavid prince (d. 1550)[45]
- 1582 – Daniel Featley, English theologian and controversialist (d. 1645)[46]
- 1591 – Alexandre de Rhodes, French missionary (d. 1660)[47]
1601–1900
- 1638 – Shunzhi Emperor of China (d. 1661)[48]
- 1666 – George Bähr, German architect, designed the Dresden Frauenkirche (d. 1738)[49]
- 1754 – Archibald Menzies, Scottish surgeon and botanist (d. 1842)[50]
- 1767 – Andrew Jackson, American general, judge, and politician, 7th President of the United States (d. 1845)[51]
- 1779 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1848)[52]
- 1790 – Ludwig Immanuel Magnus, German mathematician and academic (d. 1861)[53]
- 1791 – Charles Knight, English author and publisher (d. 1873)[54]
- 1809 – Joseph Jenkins Roberts, American-Liberian historian and politician, 1st President of Liberia (d. 1876)[55]
- 1813 – John Snow, English physician and epidemiologist (d. 1858)[56]
- 1821 – Johann Josef Loschmidt, Austrian physicist and chemist (d. 1895)[57]
- 1821 – William Milligan, Scottish theologian and author (d. 1892)[58]
- 1824 – Jules Chevalier, French priest, founded the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart (d. 1907)[59]
- 1830 – Paul Heyse, German author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1914)[60]
- 1830 – Élisée Reclus, French geographer and anarchist (d. 1905)[61]
- 1831 – Saint Daniele Comboni, Italian missionary and saint (d. 1881)[62]
- 1835 – Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1916)[63]
- 1838 – Karl Davydov, Russian cellist, composer, and conductor (d. 1889)[64]
- 1851 – John Sebastian Little, American lawyer and politician, Governor of Arkansas (d. 1916)[65]
- 1851 – William Mitchell Ramsay, Scottish archaeologist and scholar (d. 1939)[66]
- 1852 – Augusta, Lady Gregory, Anglo-Irish landowner, playwright, and translator (d. 1932)[67]
- 1854 – Emil von Behring, German physiologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)[68]
- 1857 – Christian Michelsen, Norwegian businessman and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Norway (d. 1925)[69]
- 1858 – Liberty Hyde Bailey, American botanist and academic, co-founded the American Society for Horticultural Science (d. 1954)[70]
- 1866 – Matthew Charlton, Australian miner and politician (d. 1948)[71]
- 1868 – Grace Chisholm Young, English mathematician (d. 1944)[72]
- 1869 – Stanisław Wojciechowski, Polish scholar and politician, President of the Republic of Poland (d. 1953)[73]
- 1874 – Harold L. Ickes, American journalist and politician, United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 1952)[74]
- 1878 – Reza Shah, Iranian Shah (d. 1944)[75]
- 1879 – Benjamin R. Jacobs, American biochemist (d. 1963)[76]
- 1886 – Gerda Wegener, Danish artist (d. 1940)[77]
- 1897 – Jackson Scholz, American runner (d. 1986)[78]
- 1900 – Gilberto Freyre, Brazilian sociologist, anthropologist, historian and writer (d. 1987)[79]
1901–present
- 1904 – George Brent, Irish-American actor (d. 1979)[80]
- 1904 – J. Pat O'Malley, English-American actor (d. 1985)[81]
- 1905 – Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German lawyer and judge (d. 1944)[82]
- 1907 – Zarah Leander, Swedish actress and singer (d. 1981)[83]
- 1912 – Lightnin' Hopkins, American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1982)[84]
- 1912 – Louis Paul Boon, Flemish journalist and author (d. 1979)[85]
- 1913 – Macdonald Carey, American actor (d. 1994)[86]
- 1913 – Jack Fairman, English race car driver (d. 2002)[87]
- 1916 – Frank Coghlan, Jr., American actor and pilot (d. 2009)[88]
- 1916 – Fadil Hoxha, Kosovar commander and politician, President of Kosovo (d. 2001)[89]
- 1916 – Harry James, American trumpet player, bandleader, and actor (d. 1983)[90]
- 1918 – Richard Ellmann, American author and critic (d. 1987)[91]
- 1918 – Punch Imlach, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 1987)[92]
- 1919 – Lawrence Tierney, American actor (d. 2002)[93]
- 1920 – E. Donnall Thomas, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)[94]
- 1921 – Madelyn Pugh, American television writer and producer (d. 2011)[95]
- 1926 – Ben Johnston, American composer and academic (d. 2019)[96]
- 1926 – Norm Van Brocklin, American football player and coach (d. 1983)[97]
- 1927 – Christian Marquand, French actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2000)[98]
- 1927 – Carl Smith, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2010)[99]
- 1928 – Bob Wilber, American clarinetist and saxophonist (d. 2019)[100]
- 1930 – Zhores Alferov, Belarusian-Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019)[101]
- 1932 – Alan Bean, American astronaut and pilot (d. 2018)[102]
- 1932 – Arif Mardin, Turkish-American record producer (d. 2006)[103]
- 1933 – Ruth Bader Ginsburg, American lawyer and judge (d. 2020)[104]
- 1933 – Philippe de Broca, French actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2004)[105]
- 1934 – Kanshi Ram, Indian politician (d. 2006)[106]
- 1935 – Judd Hirsch, American actor[107]
- 1935 – Jimmy Swaggart, American pastor and television host[108]
- 1936 – Howard Greenfield, American songwriter (d. 1986)[109]
- 1937 – Valentin Rasputin, Russian environmentalist and author (d. 2015)[110]
- 1939 – Ted Kaufman, American politician[111]
- 1939 – Robert Nye, English author, poet, and playwright (d. 2016)[112]
- 1939 – Julie Tullis, English mountaineer (d. 1986)[113]
- 1940 – Frank Dobson, English politician, Secretary of State for Health (d. 2019)[114]
- 1940 – Phil Lesh, American bassist[115]
- 1941 – Mike Love, American singer-songwriter and musician[107]
- 1941 – Carolyn Hansson, Canadian materials engineer[116]
- 1943 – David Cronenberg, Canadian actor, director, and screenwriter[117]
- 1943 – Lynda La Plante, English actress, screenwriter, and author[118]
- 1943 – Michael Scott-Joynt, English bishop (d. 2014)[119]
- 1943 – Sly Stone, American musician and record producer[120]
- 1944 – Chi Cheng, Taiwanese runner[121]
- 1944 – Jacques Doillon, French director and screenwriter[122]
- 1944 – Francis Mankiewicz, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1993)[123]
- 1946 – Bobby Bonds, American baseball player and coach (d. 2003)[124]
- 1946 – John Dempsey, English born Irish international footballer and manager[125]
- 1947 – Ry Cooder, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[126]
- 1948 – Kate Bornstein, American author and activist[127]
- 1948 – Sérgio Vieira de Mello, Brazilian diplomat (d. 2003)[128]
- 1951 – David Alton, Baron Alton of Liverpool, English politician[129]
- 1954 – Isobel Buchanan, Scottish soprano and actress[130]
- 1954 – Henry Marsh, American runner and businessman[131]
- 1954 – Craig Wasson, American actor[132]
- 1955 – Mohsin Khan, Pakistani cricketer[133]
- 1955 – Dee Snider, American singer-songwriter[107]
- 1959 – Harold Baines, American baseball player[107]
- 1959 – Renny Harlin, Finnish director and producer[134]
- 1959 – Ben Okri, Nigerian poet and author[135]
- 1959 – Eliot Teltscher, American tennis player[136]
- 1960 – Mike Pagliarulo, American baseball player[137]
- 1961 – Terry Cummings, American basketball player[138]
- 1963 – Bret Michaels, American musician[107]
- 1964 – Rockwell, American singer-songwriter and musician[139]
- 1965 – Sunetra Gupta, Indian epidemiologist, author, and academic[140]
- 1967 – Naoko Takeuchi, Japanese manga artist and creator of Sailor Moon[141]
- 1968 – Kahimi Karie, Japanese singer[142]
- 1968 – Mark McGrath, American singer-songwriter[107]
- 1968 – Sabrina Salerno, Italian singer-songwriter[143]
- 1969 – Gianluca Festa, Italian footballer[144]
- 1969 – Yutaka Take, Japanese jockey[145]
- 1970 – Derek Parra, American speed skater[146]
- 1971 – Joanne Wise, English long jumper[147]
- 1972 – Mark Hoppus, American musician[148]
- 1972 – Holger Stromberg, German chef[149]
- 1972 – Mike Tomlin, American football player and coach[150]
- 1974 – Robert Fick, American baseball player[151]
- 1975 – Eva Longoria, American actress[107]
- 1975 – Darcy Tucker, Canadian ice hockey player[152]
- 1975 – will.i.am, American rapper, producer, and actor[153]
- 1976 – Cara Pifko, Canadian actress[154]
- 1977 – Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan, AC, Indian military officer[155]
- 1979 – Kyle Mills, New Zealand cricketer[156]
- 1979 – Kevin Youkilis, American baseball player[157]
- 1980 – Freddie Bynum, American baseball player[158]
- 1981 – Young Buck, American rapper[159]
- 1981 – Mikael Forssell, German-Finnish footballer[160]
- 1981 – Jens Salumäe, Estonian skier[161]
- 1982 – Wilson Kipsang Kiprotich, Kenyan runner[162]
- 1983 – Umut Bulut, Turkish footballer[163]
- 1983 – Ben Hilfenhaus, Australian cricketer[164]
- 1983 – Kostas Kaimakoglou, Greek basketball player[165]
- 1983 – Golda Marcus, Salvadoran swimmer[166]
- 1983 – Daryl Murphy, Irish footballer[167]
- 1984 – Badradine Belloumou, French-Algerian footballer[168]
- 1984 – Olivier Jean, Canadian speed skater[169]
- 1984 – Kostas Vasileiadis, Greek basketball player[170]
- 1986 – Jai Courtney, Australian actor[171]
- 1988 – Lil Dicky, American rapper, comedian, and actor[172]
- 1988 – Éver Guzmán, Mexican footballer[173]
- 1988 – James Reimer, Canadian ice hockey player[174]
- 1989 – Sam Baldock, English footballer[175]
- 1989 – Sandro, Brazilian international footballer[176]
- 1989 – Gil Roberts, American sprinter[177]
- 1989 – Adrien Silva, Portuguese footballer[178]
- 1991 – Kurt Baptiste, Australian rugby league player[179]
- 1991 – Xavier Henry, American basketball player[180]
- 1993 – Alia Bhatt, British actress[181][182]
- 1993 – Aleksandra Krunić, Serbian tennis player[183]
- 1993 – Paul Pogba, French footballer[184]
- 1996 – Maxwell Jacob Friedman, American professional wrestler[185]
- 1996 – Seonaid McIntosh, Scottish sports shooter[186]
- 2000 – Kristian Kostov, Russian-Bulgarian singer-songwriter[187]
Deaths
Pre-1600
- 44 BC – Julius Caesar, Roman general and statesman (b. 100 BC)[188]
- 220 – Cao Cao, Chinese general, warlord and statesman[189]
- 493 – Odoacer, first king of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire (b. 433)[190]
- 963 – Romanos II, Byzantine emperor[191]
- 990 – Siegfried I (the Older), German nobleman[192]
- 1124 – Ernulf, Bishop of Rochester[193][194]
- 1190 – Isabella of Hainault, queen of Philip II of France (b. 1170)[195]
- 1311 – Walter V, Count of Brienne[196]
- 1536 – Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha, Ottoman politician, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1493)[197]
- 1575 – Annibale Padovano, Italian organist and composer (b. 1527)[198]
1601–1900
- 1673 – Salvator Rosa, Italian painter and poet (b. 1615)[199]
- 1711 – Eusebio Kino, Italian priest and missionary (b. 1645)[200]
- 1820 – Clement Mary Hofbauer, Austrian priest and saint (b. 1751)[201]
- 1842 – Luigi Cherubini, Italian composer and theorist (b. 1760)[202]
- 1848 – Johan Jakob Nervander, Finnish poet, physicist and meteorologist (b. 1805)[203]
- 1891 – Joseph Bazalgette, English engineer and academic (b. 1819)[204]
- 1897 – James Joseph Sylvester, English mathematician and academic (b. 1814)[205]
- 1898 – Henry Bessemer, English engineer and businessman (b. 1813)[206]
1901–present
- 1921 – Talaat Pasha, Ottoman politician, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1874)[207]
- 1927 – Hector Rason, English-Australian politician, 7th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1858)[208]
- 1937 – H. P. Lovecraft, American short story writer, editor, and novelist (b. 1890)[209]
- 1941 – Alexej von Jawlensky, Russian-German painter (b. 1864)[210]
- 1942 – Rachel Field, American author and poet (b. 1894)[211]
- 1948 – Imanuel Lauster, German engineer (b. 1873)[212]
- 1959 – Lester Young, American saxophonist and clarinet player (b. 1909)[213]
- 1962 – Arthur Compton, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)[214]
- 1966 – Abe Saperstein, American basketball player and coach (b. 1902)[215]
- 1969 – Miles Malleson, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1888)[216]
- 1970 – Tarjei Vesaas, Norwegian author and poet (b. 1897)[217]
- 1975 – Aristotle Onassis, Greek-Argentinian businessman (b. 1906)[218]
- 1977 – Hubert Aquin, Canadian author and activist (b. 1929)[219]
- 1977 – Antonino Rocca, Italian-American wrestler and referee (b. 1921)[220]
- 1981 – René Clair, French director and screenwriter (b. 1898)[221]
- 1983 – Rebecca West, English author and critic (b. 1892)[222]
- 1988 – Dmitri Polyakov, Ukrainian general and spy (b. 1921)[223]
- 1990 – Farzad Bazoft, Iranian-English journalist (b. 1958)[224]
- 1990 – Tom Harmon, American football player and sportscaster (b. 1919)[225]
- 1991 – Bud Freeman, American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader (b. 1906)[226]
- 1997 – Gail Davis, American actress (b. 1925)[227]
- 1997 – Victor Vasarely, Hungarian-French painter (b. 1906)[228]
- 1998 – Benjamin Spock, American pediatrician and author (b. 1903)[229]
- 2001 – Ann Sothern, American actress and singer (b. 1909)[230]
- 2003 – Thora Hird, English actress (b. 1911)[231]
- 2003 – Paul Stojanovich, American television producer, created World's Wildest Police Videos (b. 1955)[232]
- 2004 – Philippe Lemaire, French actor (b. 1927)[233]
- 2004 – Bill Pickering, New Zealand-American scientist and engineer (b. 1910)[234]
- 2004 – John Pople, English-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1925)[235]
- 2005 – Otar Korkia, Georgian basketball player (b. 1923)[236]
- 2006 – Georgios Rallis, Greek lieutenant and politician, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1918)[237]
- 2006 – Red Storey, Canadian football player and referee (b. 1918)[238]
- 2007 – Charles Harrelson, American murderer (b. 1938)[239]
- 2007 – Stuart Rosenberg, American director and producer (b. 1927)[240]
- 2008 – Mikey Dread, Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1954)[241]
- 2008 – G. David Low, American astronaut and engineer (b. 1956)[242]
- 2008 – Sarla Thakral, First Indian woman to earn a pilot's license. (b. 1914)[243]
- 2009 – Ron Silver, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1946)[244]
- 2010 – Kazim al-Samawi, Iraqi poet (b. 1925)[245]
- 2011 – Nate Dogg, American rapper (b. 1969)[246]
- 2011 – Smiley Culture, English singer and DJ (b. 1963)[247]
- 2012 – Mervyn Davies, Welsh rugby player (b. 1946)[248]
- 2012 – Dave Philley, American baseball player and manager (b. 1920)[249]
- 2013 – Booth Gardner, American businessman and politician, Governor of Washington (b. 1936)[250]
- 2013 – Terry Lightfoot, English clarinet player (b. 1935)[251]
- 2013 – Leverne McDonnell, Australian actress (b. 1963)[252]
- 2013 – Peter Worsley, English sociologist (b. 1924)[253]
- 2014 – Scott Asheton, American drummer (b. 1949)[254]
- 2014 – David Brenner, American comedian, actor, and author (b. 1936)[255]
- 2014 – Bo Callaway, American soldier and politician, United States Secretary of the Army (b. 1927)[256]
- 2014 – Clarissa Dickson Wright, English chef, author, and television personality (b. 1947)[257]
- 2015 – Collins Chabane, South African politician (b. 1960)[258]
- 2015 – Robert Clatworthy, English sculptor and educator (b. 1928)[259]
- 2015 – Sally Forrest, American actress and dancer (b. 1928)[260]
- 2015 – Curtis Gans, American political scientist and author (b. 1937)[261]
- 2015 – Mike Porcaro, American bass player (b. 1955)[262]
- 2016 – Sylvia Anderson, English voice actress and television and film producer (b. 1927)[263]
- 2016 – Asa Briggs, English historian and academic (b. 1921)[264]
- 2016 – Seru Rabeni, Fijian rugby player (b. 1978)[265]
- 2019 – Larry DiTillio, American film and TV series writer (b. 1948)[266]
- 2020 – Vittorio Gregotti, Italian architect (b. 1927)[267]
- 2022 – Barbara Maier Gustern, American vocal coach and singer (b. 1935)[268]
Holidays and observances
- Ancient Roman religious observance:
- Christian feast day:
- Constitution Day (Belarus)[274]
- International Day To Combat Islamophobia[275]
- Joseph Jenkins Roberts' Birthday (Liberia)[276]
- National Day, celebrating the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 (Hungary)[277]
- World Consumer Rights Day (International)[278]
- Youth Day (Palau)[279]
Notes
- Wilson, Scott (19 August 2016). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed. McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-2599-7.
References
- ↑ Fasti Triumphales
- ↑ Strauss, Barry (2015). The Death of Caesar: The Story of History's Most Famous Assassination. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. 129–137. ISBN 9781451668797.
- ↑ O'Donnell, James J. (2009). The Ruin of the Roman Empire. New York: Ecco. p. 66. ISBN 9780060787417.
- ↑ Tobias, Norman (2007). Basil I, Founder of the Macedonian Dynasty: A Study of the Political and Military History of the Byzantine Empire in the Ninth Century. Lewiston, N.Y.: The Edwin Mellen Press. p. 287. ISBN 9780773454057.
- ↑ Madelung, W. (2004). "al-Ḥādī Ila 'l-Ḥaḳḳ". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume XII: Supplement (2nd ed.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 334–335. ISBN 978-90-04-13974-9.
- ↑ Browning, Oscar (1913). A General History of the World. London: E. Arnold. p. 321.
- ↑ Laiou, Angeliki E. (1972). Constantinople and the Latins: The Foreign Policy of Andronicus II, 1282-1328. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 226–227. ISBN 9780674165359.
- ↑ Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal (1962). Akbar the Great. Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India: Shiva Lal Agarwala. p. 83. OCLC 837892.
- ↑ Pollock, John (1912). "The Policy of Charles II and James II (1667-87)". In Ward, A.W.; Prothero, G.W.; Leathes, Stanley (eds.). The Cambridge Modern History. Volume 5: The Age of Louis IX. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 206–207.
- ↑ Chernow, Ron (2010). Washington: A Life. New York: Penguin Press. pp. 433–434. ISBN 9781594202667.
- ↑ "Today in History - March 15". Library of Congress.
- ↑ Simpson-Housley, Paul (1992). Antarctica:Exploration, Perception and Metaphor. New York: Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 0-415-08225-0.
- ↑ Bona, Gábor (1999). The Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence, 1848-1849: A Military History. Boulder, Colo.: Social Science Monographs. p. 457. ISBN 9780880334334.
- ↑ Wright, Edward Reynolds (1973). Barriers to Progress in South Vietnam: The United States Experience. Seoul: Pomso Publishers. p. 21. OCLC 483391164.
- ↑ J. Gordon Melton (15 January 2014). Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History [4 Volumes]: 5,000 Years of Religious History. ABC-CLIO. p. 1544. ISBN 978-1-61069-026-3.
- ↑ Bateman, Anthony; Hill, Jeffrey, eds. (2013). "Chronology". The Cambridge Companion to Cricket. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. xviii. ISBN 9780521761291.
- ↑ Narbeth, Colin (2002). Collecting Military Medals: A Beginner's Guide. James Clarke & Co. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-7188-9009-4.
- ↑ "A Century On, Finns Head Back to Ballot Booths". Yle News. March 15, 2007. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
- ↑ "Nicholas II | Biography, Wife, Abdication, Death, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ↑ "Romanov rumors are put to rest". Los Angeles Times. 11 March 2009. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ↑ "100 years ago today: Reds take Tampere, Finnish Civil War begins". Yle. 27 January 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
- ↑ Azarov, Vyacheslav (2008). Kontrrazvedka - The Story of the Makhnovist Intelligence Service. Translated by Archibald, Malcolm. Edmonton: Black Cat Press. pp. 13–14. ISBN 978-0-9737827-2-1. OCLC 233786926.
- ↑ Hofmann, Tessa (2020). "A Hundred Years Ago: The Assassination of Mehmet Talaat (15 March 1921) and the Berlin Criminal Proceedings against Soghomon Tehlirian (2/3 June 1921): Background, Context, Effect" (PDF). International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies. 5 (1): 67–90. doi:10.51442/ijags.0009. ISSN 1829-4405.
- ↑ Hussain, Majid Salman (10 August 2020). British Policy and the Nationalist Movement in Egypt, 1914-1924: A political study. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 188. ISBN 978-3-11-220916-5.
- ↑ "Rowing Into The History Books". Homertonian. No. 19. Aug 3, 2015. pp. 8–9.
- ↑ "March 15, 1939 - The day Czechoslovakia ceased to exist". March 15, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2020.
- ↑ "Ukraine - Transcarpathia in Czechoslovakia | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ↑ Halemba, Agnieszka (1 October 2015). Negotiating Marian Apparitions: The Politics of Religion in Transcarpathian Ukraine. Central European University Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-963-386-145-5.
- ↑ Zabecki, David T. (2 December 2019). The German War Machine in World War II: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-4408-6918-1.
- ↑ Goode, James F. (27 July 2016). The United States and Iran: In the Shadow of Musaddiq. Springer. p. 191. ISBN 978-1-349-25596-2.
- ↑ Harrison, David (1 October 1983). The White Tribe of Africa. University of California Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-520-05066-2.
- ↑ "Selma March - "We Shall Overcome": LBJ and the 1965 Voting Rights Act | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
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- ↑ "Sylvia Anderson obituary". The Guardian. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
- ↑ "Asa Briggs obituary". The Guardian. 15 March 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
- ↑ "Former Leicester Tigers and Fiji rugby player Rabeni dies, aged 37". The Independent. 17 March 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
- ↑ Larry DiTillio, co-creator of She-Ra and well-known genre TV writer has passed away, Syfy.com 17 March 2019. Accessed on 18 March 2019.
- ↑ "Vittorio Gregotti, renowned Italian architect, dies of coronavirus at 92". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 16 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
- ↑ Obituary, Barbara Gustern, The New York Times, March 24, 2022
- ↑ "Ides of March: What Is It? Why Do We Still Observe It?". 15 March 2011. Archived from the original on March 16, 2011.
- ↑ "St. Aristobulus". Saints & Angels. Catholic Online. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
- ↑ Watkins, Basil (19 November 2015). The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 695. ISBN 978-0-567-66415-0.
- ↑ Dutschke, C. W.; Rouse, Richard H.; Ferrari, Mirella (January 1986). Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Claremont Libraries. University of California Press. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-520-09644-8.
- ↑ "Saint Louise de Marillac | Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
- ↑ Silitski, Vitali Jr.; Zaprudnik, Jan (7 April 2010). The A to Z of Belarus. Scarecrow Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-1-4617-3174-0.
- ↑ "General Assembly Unanimously Adopts Texts on Combating Islamophobia, Protecting Rangelands, Tackling Difficulties for Widows, Bicycles as Public Transportation". www.un.org. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
- ↑ "March 15th, Is J. J. Roberts Birthday; To Be Observed As National Holiday". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. March 12, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ↑ Esbenshade, Richard S. (2005). Hungary. Marshall Cavendish. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-7614-1846-7.
- ↑ Fernando, A. C. (2011). Corporate Governance: Principles, Polices and Practices, 2/e. Pearson Education India. p. 166. ISBN 978-81-317-5845-8.
- ↑ The Europa World Year: Kazakhstan - Zimbabwe. Taylor & Francis. 29 July 2004. p. 3304. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
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