<< September 1938 >>
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The following events occurred in September 1938:

September 1, 1938 (Thursday)

September 2, 1938 (Friday)

  • Elections were held in the Sanjak of Alexandretta. Turkish candidates won 22 of 40 seats, creating the conditions for the declaration of a new Turkish-aligned state.[5]
  • Italy ordered Jewish teachers, officials and students excluded from state schools. Some students who had already begun their studies were exempt from the new law under special circumstances.[6]
  • Born: Clarence Felder, actor, in St. Matthews, South Carolina; Giuliano Gemma, actor, in Rome, Italy (d. 2013)
  • Died: Walter Schott, 76, German sculptor

September 3, 1938 (Saturday)

September 4, 1938 (Sunday)

September 5, 1938 (Monday)

September 6, 1938 (Tuesday)

September 7, 1938 (Wednesday)

  • Hatay State was created in the territory of the Sanjak of Alexandretta of the French Mandate of Syria.
  • On instructions from Hitler, Konrad Henlein broke off negotiations with the Czech government. Allegations of Czech police brutality at Moravská Ostrava were used as an excuse.[11]
  • Theo Kordt informs foreign secretary Lord Halifax at 10 Downing Street on Oster conspiracy preparations for a Wehrmacht coup against Hitler to start upon his issuance of a declaration of war on Czechoslovakia.[12]
  • A famously controversial editorial appeared in The Times which recommended giving Hitler what he wanted because "the advantages to Czechoslovakia of becoming a homogenous State might conceivably outweigh the obvious disadvantages of losing the Sudeten German districts of the borderland."[7]
  • Died: William Henry Singleton, 95, American slave, soldier and Christian minister

September 8, 1938 (Thursday)

September 9, 1938 (Friday)

September 10, 1938 (Saturday)

September 11, 1938 (Sunday)

September 12, 1938 (Monday)

  • Hitler made a bombastic speech in Nuremberg declaring that the oppression of Sudeten Germans must end.[17] The speech was broadcast live to the United States by CBS Radio and was the first time that many Americans had ever heard Hitler speak.[18]
  • The British cabinet held a meeting almost as soon as Hitler was finished speaking. They were relieved that Hitler had only demanded "justice" for Sudeten Germans and had not committed himself to war.[7]
  • BBC Television showed a film for the first time, Man of the Moment.[19]

September 13, 1938 (Tuesday)

September 14, 1938 (Wednesday)

  • The Czechoslovakian government announced that the Sudeten revolt had been put down.[20]
  • The Graf Zeppelin II had its first flight.

September 15, 1938 (Thursday)

September 16, 1938 (Friday)

September 17, 1938 (Saturday)

  • Neville Chamberlain reported to the Cabinet on his meeting with Hitler, informing its members of his belief that a settlement of the Sudeten matter would satisfy Hitler's aims.[24]
  • Born: LeeRoy Yarbrough, racing driver, in Jacksonville, Florida (d. 1984)
  • Died: Bruno Jasieński, 37, Polish poet (executed in the Soviet Union)

September 18, 1938 (Sunday)

September 19, 1938 (Monday)

  • The British and French representatives in Prague presented the Anglo-French proposal to allow the Sudetenland to be annexed.[11]
  • Died: Pauline Frederick, 55, American actress (asthma attack)

September 20, 1938 (Tuesday)

  • The Czechoslovak government rejected the Anglo-French proposal in a note explaining that acceptance would mean that Czechoslovakia would be put "sooner or later under the complete domination of Germany."[11]
  • Hitler met with the Polish ambassador Józef Lipski and told him that Germany would support Poland in a conflict with Czechoslovakia over Teschen.[26] Hitler also said he was considering shipping Europe's Jews to a colony and expressed hope that Poland would cooperate with such a plan. Lipski replied that if Hitler could solve the Jewish question, the Poles would build a monument to him in Warsaw.[27]

September 21, 1938 (Wednesday)

September 22, 1938 (Thursday)

  • The Czechoslovakian government resigned. Jan Syrový became the new Prime Minister.[10]
  • Neville Chamberlain returned to Germany and met with Hitler again for two days at Bad Godesberg. Hitler was much more bellicose than before and demanded to occupy the Sudetenland by October 1 with all of the region's military equipment left intact.[5][21][29]
  • Born: Gene Mingo, American football player, in Akron, Ohio

September 23, 1938 (Friday)

September 24, 1938 (Saturday)

September 25, 1938 (Sunday)

September 26, 1938 (Monday)

  • In the Berlin Sportpalast, Hitler made a speech threatening Czechoslovakia with war. "My patience is exhausted", Hitler declared. "If Beneš does not want peace we will have to take matters into our own hands."[32]
  • 68 were killed in a train crash in Barcelona.[19]
  • Born: Jonathan Goldsmith, American actor, in New York City

September 27, 1938 (Tuesday)

  • The French government announced that France would not enter a war purely over Czechoslovakia. Neville Chamberlain gave a radio address saying, "However much we may sympathize with a small nation confronted by a big and powerful neighbor, we cannot in all circumstances undertake to involve the whole British Empire in a war simply on her account. If we have to fight it must be on larger issues than that."[30]
  • The League of Nations identified Japan as the aggressor in the Second Sino-Japanese War and invited its members to support China.[10]

September 28, 1938 (Wednesday)

September 29, 1938 (Thursday)

September 30, 1938 (Friday)

  • Munich Agreement: At 1 a.m., the four powers at Munich agreed that Czechoslovakia would cede the Sudetenland to Germany by October 10. The territorial integrity of the rest of Czechoslovakia was guaranteed by all signatories.[10]
  • Neville Chamberlain flew back to Britain and declared "peace for our time".

References

  1. ↑ "Expel All Jews Who Moved to Italy Since '19". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 2, 1938. p. 1.
  2. ↑ Schultz, Sigrid (September 2, 1938). "Czechs Face New Demands". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  3. ↑ "Church Menaced by Nazis". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 14, 1938. p. 1.
  4. ↑ "A World Premiere of World Importance! (Advertisement)". Film Daily. New York: Wid's Films and Film Folk, Inc. August 25, 1938. pp. 8–9.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "Chronology 1938". indiana.edu. 2002. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  6. ↑ "Il Duce Orders Jews Barred from Schools". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 3, 1938. p. 2.
  7. 1 2 3 Faber, David (2008). Munich, 1938: Appeasement and World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 246–247, 253, 267–268. ISBN 978-1-4391-4992-8.
  8. ↑ Grasso, John; Mallon, Bill; Heijmans, Jeroen (2015). Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement. Rowman & Littlefield. p. xxxiv. ISBN 978-1-4422-4860-1.
  9. ↑ Schultz, Sigrid (September 6, 1938). "600,000 Nazis Go Wils as Hitler Reaches Rally". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "1938". MusicAndHistory. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Shirer, William L. (2011). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 383–384, 389. ISBN 978-1-4516-5168-3.
  12. ↑ ASHDOWN, PADDY (2019). NEIN!: Standing Up to Hitler 1935 - 1944. [Place of publication not identified]: WILLIAM COLLINS. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-00-825707-1. OCLC 1053903299.
  13. ↑ Small, Alex (September 9, 1938). "Nazis United All Minorities to Resist Czechs". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  14. ↑ Edwards, Willard (September 10, 1938). "President Fires New Broadside at Newspapers". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 6.
  15. ↑ "Lou Boudreau". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  16. ↑ "Benes Radios Peace Appeal". Brooklyn Eagle. Brooklyn. September 11, 1938. p. 1.
  17. 1 2 3 Churchill, Winston (2013). Into Battle. New York: Rosetta Books. ISBN 978-0-7953-2946-3.
  18. ↑ Cashman, Sean Dennis (1989). America in the Twenties and Thirties: The Olympian Age of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. New York University. p. 555. ISBN 978-0-8147-1413-3.
  19. 1 2 Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 500. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
  20. ↑ "Troops Suppress Sudeten German Rebellion After Day of Fighting". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 15, 1938. p. 1.
  21. 1 2 Lewis, John David (2010). Nothing Less than Victory: Decisive Wars and the Lessons of History. Princeton University Press. pp. 224–225. ISBN 978-1-4008-3430-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  22. ↑ "Sept. 15 1938: Brothers Lloyd and Paul Wanter hit ..." Chicago Tribune. September 15, 2002. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  23. ↑ Perkins, Owen (April 24, 2013). "Uptons hit back-to-back jacks, a rare feat for brothers". MLB.com. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  24. ↑ McDonough, Frank (1998). Neville Chamberlain, Appeasement, and the British Road to War. Manchester University Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-7190-4832-6.
  25. ↑ "Yanks Lose 2, but Capture A. L. Pennant". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 19, 1938. p. 19.
  26. ↑ Boone, J. C. (2008). Hitler at the Obersalzberg. Xlibris. p. 105. ISBN 978-1-4628-1353-7.
  27. ↑ Nicosia, Francis R. (2000). The Third Reich and the Palestine Question. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-7658-0624-6.
  28. ↑ "You Never Know". Playbill Vault. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  29. ↑ Tucker, Spencer C. (2010). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 1879. ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5.
  30. 1 2 Cabada, Cabada; Waisová, Šárka (2011). Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic in World Politics. Lexington Books. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-7391-6733-5.
  31. ↑ "Events leading to the Munich settlement". BBC Bitesize. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
  32. ↑ Schultz, Sigrid (September 27, 1938). "Dictator in Fiery Speech Says He Will Fight". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
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