Galik
Ali Gali
Script type
CreatorAyuush Güüsh
Time period
16th century
LanguagesMongolian, Tibetan, Sanskrit
Related scripts
Parent systems
Sister systems
Clear script
Vagindra script

The Galik script (Mongolian: Али-гали үсэг, Ali-Gali üseg) is an extension to the traditional Mongolian script. It was created in 1587 by the translator and scholar Ayuush Güüsh (Mongolian: Аюуш гүүш), inspired by the third Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso. He added extra characters for transcribing Tibetan and Sanskrit terms when translating religious texts, and later also from Chinese. Some of those characters are still in use today for writing foreign names.[1]

Some authors (particularly historic ones like Isaac Taylor in his The Alphabet: an account of the origin and development of letters, 1883) don't distinguish between the Galik and standard Mongolian alphabets.

To ensure that most text in the script displays correctly in your browser, the text sample below should resemble its image counterpart. Additional notes on the affected characters and their desired components are provided in the tables further down. For relevant terminology, see Mongolian script § Components.

Reference imageBrowser-rendered textRomanization
ᠾᠠ

Letters

The order of the letters corresponds to the alphabetic order of Sanskrit.[2]:28

Vowels[3]:61–63,241–243[2]:26–28[4]:233[1]:37
Mongol­ian Deva­nagari script IAST Tibetan script Wylie
a a

[note 1]
/ ā ཨཱ A
/ ि i ཨི i
ᠢᠢ / ī ཨཱི I
/ u ཨུ u
ᠤᠦ / ū ཨཱུ U
ᠷᠢ / རྀ r-i
ᠷᠢᠢ / རཱྀ r-I
ᠯᠢ / ལྀ l-i
ᠯᠢᠢ / ལཱྀ l-I
/ e ཨེ e
ᠧᠧ / ai ཨཻ ai
ᠣᠸᠠ / o ཨོ o
ᠣᠸᠸᠠ
[note 2]
/ au ཨཽ au
अं am / aṃ / ཨཾ a / aM
अः aẖ / aḥ / ཨཿ a / aH
Consonants[3]:64–69,189–194,244–255[2]:26–28[4]:234–239[1]:37
Mongol­ian
[note 3]
Deva­nagari IAST Tibetan Wylie
ᢉᠠ ka ka
ᢉᠠ / ᠻᠠ kha kha
ᠺᠠ ga ga
ᠺᠾᠠ gha གྷ g+ha
ᢊᢇ ṅa nga
Gray: ambiguous letters
ᡔᠠ / ᠴᠠ ca
¿ᢋᠠ ~ ᠽᠠ ~ ᢖᠠ? / ᡓᠠ? ca tsa
ᠴᠠ cha
ᠼᠠ cha tsha
ᡔᠠ? / ᠵᠠ / ᠴᠠ? / ᢋᠠ ja
ᢋᠠ? / ᠽᠠ ja dza
ᢋᠾᠠ? / ᠽᠾᠠ jha ཛྷ dz+ha
ᡛᠠ ña nya
ᢌᠠ ṭa Ta
ᢍᠠ ṭha Tha
ᢎᠠ ḍa Da
ᢎᠾᠠ ḍha ཌྷ D+ha
ᢏᠠ ṇa Na
ᢐᠠ ta ta
ᠲᠠ tha tha
/ ᢑᠠ da da
ᠾᠠ / ᢑᠾᠠ dha དྷ d+ha
ᠨᠠ na na
ᢒᠠ pa pa
ᠪᠠ / ᠹᠠ pha pha
ᠪᠠ ba ba
ᠪᠾᠠ bha བྷ b+ha
ᠮᠠ ma ma
/ ᠶᠠ ya ya
ᠷᠠ ra ra
ᠯᠠ la la
ᡀᠠ ལྷ lha
ᠸᠠ va wa
ᢕᠠ zha
ᠱᠠ śa sha
ᢔᠠ ṣa Sha
ᠰᠠ sa sa
ᠾᠠ ha ha
ᢖᠠ za
ᢗᠠ 'a
ᢉᢔᠠ क्ष kṣa ཀྵ k+Sha

Symbols & diacritics

Symbols & diacritics[3]:63,133,135,131
Form(s) Name Examples
Mongolian Tibetan equivalent
Anusvara One ᢀᠠ ཨྃ
Visarga One ཨཿ
Damaru ᢂᠻᠠ ྈྑ
Ubadama ᢃᠹᠠ ྌྥ
ᢄᠹᠠ ྉྥ
Baluda ᢉᢅᠣᠸᠸᠠ[note 4] ཀཽ྅
Three Baluda ᢉᢆᠣᠸᠸᠠ[note 5] ཀཽ྅྅྅

See also

Notes

  1. For correct rendering, this should appear as a short tooth () + one connected, and one separated left-pointing tail (both ).
  2. For correct rendering, this should appear as a short tooth () + loop () + two long teeth with downturns () + a final with right-pointing tail ().
  3. For correct rendering, all these final a's should appear as connected and left-pointing tails (). A's directly preceded by any of the bow-shaped letters k, kh, g, p, ph, and b should also include a tooth in between.
  4. For correct rendering, this should appear as a right-side diacritic.
  5. For correct rendering, this should appear as a right-side diacritic.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Chuluunbaatar, Otgonbayar (2008). Einführung in die mongolischen Schriften (in German). Buske. ISBN 978-3-87548-500-4.
  2. 1 2 3 Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. 1 2 3 "BabelStone : Mongolian and Manchu Resources". babelstone.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-12-16.
  4. 1 2 Shagdarsürüng, Tseveliin (2001). "Study of Mongolian Scripts (Graphic Study or Grammatology). Enl". Bibliotheca Mongolica: Monograph 1.
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