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June is the sixth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 30 days. June contains the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, the day with the most daylight hours, and the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, the day with the fewest daylight hours (excluding polar regions in both cases). June in the Northern Hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent to December in the Southern Hemisphere and vice versa. In the Northern Hemisphere, the beginning of the traditional astronomical summer is 21 June (meteorological summer begins on 1 June). In the Southern Hemisphere, meteorological winter begins on 1 June.[1]

At the start of June, the sun rises in the constellation of Taurus; at the end of June, the sun rises in the constellation of Gemini. However, due to the precession of the equinoxes, June begins with the sun in the astrological sign of Gemini, and ends with the sun in the astrological sign of Cancer.[2][3]

Etymology and history

Flaming June (1895) by Lord Leighton

The Latin name for June is Junius. Ovid offers multiple etymologies for the name in the Fasti, a poem about the Roman calendar. The first is that the month is named after the Roman goddess Juno, the goddess of marriage and the wife of the supreme deity Jupiter; the second is that the name comes from the Latin word iuniores, meaning "younger ones", as opposed to maiores ("elders") for which the preceding month May (Maius) may be named.[4] Another source claims June is named after Lucius Junius Brutus, founder of the Roman Republic and ancestor of the Roman gens Junia.[5]

In ancient Rome, the period from mid-May through mid-June was considered inauspicious for marriage. Ovid says that he consulted the Flaminica Dialis, the high priestess of Jupiter, about setting a date for his daughter's wedding, and was advised to wait till after June 15.[6] Plutarch, however, implies that the entire month of June was more favorable for weddings than May.[7]

Certain meteor showers take place in June. The Arietids takes place May 22 to July 2 each year, and peaks on June 7. The Beta Taurids June 5 to July 18. The June Bootids take place roughly between 26 June and 2 July each year.

Ancient Roman observances

Under the calendar of ancient Rome, the festival of Ludi Fabarici took place on May 29 – June 1, Kalendae Fabariae took place on June 1, the Festival to Bellona took place on June 3, Ludi Piscatorii took place on June 7, and Vestalia took place from June 7 – June 15. A Rosalia was held on June 20. The Secular Games were held roughly every 100 years in either May or June. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar.

Observances

June, from the Très riches heures du duc de Berry
Trooping the Colour is celebrated in June in London

Month-long

Non-Gregorian

(All Baha'i, Islamic, and Jewish observances begin at the sundown prior to the date listed, and end at sundown of the date in question unless otherwise noted.)

Moveable

By other date

First Tuesday
First Wednesday
First Friday
First Saturday
First Sunday
First Monday
Second Thursday
Second Saturday
Second Sunday
Third Week
Second Monday
Monday after the second Saturday
Third Friday
Third Saturday
Summer Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere
Winter Solstice in the Southern Hemisphere
Saturday between June 20–25
Saturday nearest Summer Solstice
Third Sunday
Monday Nearest to June 24
Last Thursday
Friday following Third Sunday
Last Saturday
Last Sunday

Fixed Gregorian

Symbols

Strands of pearls
Strands of pearls
Partially faceted alexandrite
Partially faceted alexandrite
Tumbled moonstones
Tumbled moonstones

June's birthstones are pearl, alexandrite and moonstone.

Rose Gaujard
Rose Gaujard
Honeysuckle
Honeysuckle

The birth flowers are rose and honeysuckle. The zodiac signs are Gemini (until June 20) and Cancer (from June 21 onward). Both of these dates are for United States Eastern Daylight Time. For the world UT/GMT the dates are 19–20.[11][12]

References

  1. ↑ Holidays and Lore, Spells, Rituals and Meditations ISBN 978-0-738-72159-0 p. 111
  2. ↑ "Article by Lee Shapiro – 1977 – International Planetarium Society, Inc". www.ips-planetarium.org. Retrieved 2019-02-23.
  3. ↑ Marango, Stephanie P. (10 May 2016). Your body and the stars : the zodiac as your wellness guide. ISBN 9781582704906. OCLC 913337625.
  4. ↑ Ovid, Fasti VI.1–88; H.H. Scullard, Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic (Cornell University Press, 1981), p. 126.
  5. ↑ Almanach général de Saint-Domingue, pour l'année 1790, http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1203334d/f27, Mozard, p. 13, 1791
  6. ↑ Scullard, Festivals and Ceremonies, p. 126.
  7. ↑ Karen K. Hersch, The Roman Wedding: Ritual and Meaning in Antiquity (Cambridge University Press, 2010), p. 47.
  8. ↑ "Dates for the Matariki public holiday". Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, NZ. 2023-04-05. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
  9. ↑ Leepson, Marc (2005). Flag: an American Biography. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 33. ISBN 0-312-32308-5.
  10. ↑ "About: Flag Day". BPO Elks of the USA. August 26, 1997. Archived from the original on February 20, 2008.
  11. ↑ The Earth passed the junction of the signs at 21:43 UT/GMT June 20, 2020, and will pass it again at 03:32 UT/GMT June 21, 2021.
  12. ↑ "Astrology Calendar", yourzodiacsign. Signs in UT/GMT for 1950–2030.
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