| Sangirese | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia Philippines |
| Region | North Sulawesi Davao del Sur Davao Occidental Davao Oriental |
Native speakers | Sangir: 170,000 (2010)[1] Sangil: 15,000 (1996)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:sxn – Sangirsnl – Sangil |
| Glottolog | nort2871 |
Sangirese, also known as Sangihé, Sangi, and Sangih, is an Austronesian language spoken on the islands linking northern Sulawesi, Indonesia, with Mindanao, Philippines by the Sangirese people.
It belongs to the Philippine group within the Austronesian language family.[1] Some lexical influence comes from Ternate and Spanish.[2][3]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
| Fricative | β | s | ɣ | h | |||
| Rhotic | ɾ | ||||||
| Lateral | l | ɭ̆ | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | |||||
/ɣ/ is mainly heard in the Sangihé dialect.[4]
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
- Vowels /i, e, a, o, u/ may also be heard as [ɪ, ɛ, ə, ɔ, ʊ] within syllables.
- /ɨ/ can be heard as [ɨ], [ɯ], [ə].[5]
References
- 1 2 3 Sangir at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
Sangil at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) - ↑ M. A. Chlenov (1998). "Sangircy". Narody i religii mira: Enciklopedija. V. A. Tishkov, Nauchnoe izdatelʹstvo "Bolʹshai︠a︡ rossiĭskai︠a︡ ėnt︠s︡iklopedii︠a︡.". Moskva: Nauchnoe izd-vo "Bolʹshai︠a︡ Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Ėnt︠s︡iklopedii︠a︡". p. 468. ISBN 5-85270-155-6. OCLC 40821169.
- ↑ Shinzō Hayase (2007). Mindanao Ethnohistory Beyond Nations: Maguindanao, Sangir, and Bagobo Societies in East Maritime Southeast Asia. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-971-550-511-6. OCLC 154714449.
- ↑ Maryott, Kenneth R. (1986). "Pre-Sangir *l, *d, *r and Associated Phonemes". Notes on Linguistics. 34: 25–40.
- ↑ Maryott, Kenneth R. (1977). "The Phonemes of Sarangani Sangiré". Studies in Philippine Linguistics. 1 (2): 264–279.
Further reading
- ADRIANI, N. (1894). "SANGIREESCHE TEKSTEN (Vervolg)". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië (in Dutch). 44 (1): 1–168. JSTOR 25737775. Accessed 10 Feb. 2023.
External links
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