Ya
Ya
Example glyphs
Bengali-AssameseYa
TibetanYa
TamilYa
Thai
ย
Malayalam
യ
Sinhala
ය
Ashoka BrahmiYa
DevanagariYa
Cognates
Hebrewי
GreekΙ
LatinI, J
CyrillicІ, Ї, Ы, Ю
Properties
Phonemic representation/j/
IAST transliterationy Y
ISCII code pointCD (205)

Ya is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ya is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter ng after having gone through the Gupta letter .

Āryabhaṭa numeration

Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The values of the different forms of य are:[1]

  • य [jə] = 30 (३०)
  • यि [jɪ] = 3,000 (३ ०००)
  • यु [jʊ] = 300,000 (३ ०० ०००)
  • यृ [jri] = 30,000,000 (३ ०० ०० ०००)
  • यॢ [jlə] = 3×109 (३×१०९)
  • ये [je] = 3×1011 (३×१०११)
  • यै [jɛː] = 3×1013 (३×१०१३)
  • यो [joː] = 3×1015 (३×१०१५)
  • यौ [jɔː] = 3×1017 (३×१०१७)

Historic Ya

There are three different general early historic scripts - Brahmi and its variants, Kharoṣṭhī, and Tocharian, the so-called slanting Brahmi. Ya as found in standard Brahmi, Ya was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta Ya. The Tocharian Ya Ya did not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form. The third form of ya, in Kharoshthi (Ya) was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter.

Brahmi Ya

The Brahmi letter Ya, Ya, is probably derived from the Aramaic Yodh , and is thus related to the modern Latin I and J and Greek Iota.[2] Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ya can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.[3] As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the Edicts of Ashoka and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.

Brahmi Ya historic forms
Ashoka
(3rd-1st c. BCE)		Girnar
(~150 BCE)		Kushana
(~150-250 CE)		Gujarat
(~250 CE)		Gupta
(~350 CE)

Tocharian Ya

The Tocharian letter Ya is derived from the Brahmi Ya, but does not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form.

Tocharian Ya with vowel marks
YaYāYiYīYuYūYrYr̄YeYaiYoYauYä

Kharoṣṭhī Ya

The Kharoṣṭhī letter Ya is generally accepted as being derived from the Aramaic Yodh , and is thus related to I, J and Iota, in addition to the Brahmi Ya.[2]

Devanagari Ya

Ya (य) is a consonant of the Devanagari abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter ka, after having gone through the Gupta letter . Letters that derive from it are the Gujarati letter ય, and the Modi letter 𑘧.

Devanagari-using Languages

In all languages, य is pronounced as [jə] or [j] when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

Devanagari य with vowel marks
YaYāYiYīYuYūYrYr̄YlYl̄YeYaiYoYauY
य या यि यी यु यू यृ यॄ यॢ यॣ ये यै यो यौ य्

Conjuncts with य

Half form of Ya.

Devanagari exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. In modern Devanagari texts, most conjuncts are formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". Some conjunct clusters are always represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters. Vertically stacked conjuncts are ubiquitous in older texts, while only a few are still used routinely in modern Devanagari texts. The use of ligatures and vertical conjuncts may vary across languages using the Devanagari script, with Marathi in particular preferring the use of half forms where texts in other languages would show ligatures and vertical stacks.[4]

Ligature conjuncts of य

True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Devanagari are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include Na and the Repha and Rakar forms of Ra. Nepali and Marathi texts use the "eyelash" Ra half form Ra for an initial "R" instead of repha.

  • Repha र্ (r) + य (ya) gives the ligature rya: note

  • Eyelash र্ (r) + य (ya) gives the ligature rya:

  • य্ (y) + न (na) gives the ligature yna:

  • य্ (y) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature yra:

  • छ্ (ch) + य (ya) gives the ligature chya:

  • ढ্ (ḍʱ) + य (ya) gives the ligature ḍʱya:

  • ड্ (ḍ) + य (ya) gives the ligature ḍya:

  • द্ (d) + द্ (d) + य (ya) gives the ligature ddya:

  • द্ (d) + व্ (v) + य (ya) gives the ligature dvya:

  • द্ (d) + य (ya) gives the ligature dya:

  • ङ্ (ŋ) + य (ya) gives the ligature ŋya:

  • ष্ (ṣ) + ठ্ (ṭh) + य (ya) gives the ligature ṣṭhya:

  • ठ্ (ṭh) + य (ya) gives the ligature ṭhya:

Stacked conjuncts of य

Vertically stacked ligatures are the most common conjunct forms found in Devanagari text. Although the constituent characters may need to be stretched and moved slightly in order to stack neatly, stacked conjuncts can be broken down into recognizable base letters, or a letter and an otherwise standard ligature.

  • ग্ (g) + न্ (n) + य (ya) gives the ligature gnya:

  • ग্ (g) + र্ (r) + य (ya) gives the ligature grya:

  • ह্ (h) + य (ya) gives the ligature hya:

  • ज্ (j) + ज্ (j) + य (ya) gives the ligature jjya:

  • ङ্ (ŋ) + क্ (k) + ष্ (ṣ) + य (ya) gives the ligature ŋkṣya:

  • त্ (t) + र্ (r) + य (ya) gives the ligature trya:

  • ट্ (ṭ) + य (ya) gives the ligature ṭya:

  • य্ (y) + च (ca) gives the ligature yca:

  • य্ (y) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature yḍa:

  • य্ (y) + ज (ja) gives the ligature yja:

  • य্ (y) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature yjña:

  • य্ (y) + ल (la) gives the ligature yla:

  • य্ (y) + ङ (ŋa) gives the ligature yŋa:

  • य্ (y) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature yña:

Bangla Ya

The Bangla script য is derived from the Siddhaṃ , and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, य. Unlike most other Indic scripts and like Odia, the Bangla য is pronounced as a voiced postalveolar affricate (similar to the English "j" sound). The "y" sound is represented by the related letter য়. In addition to this, the inherent vowel of Bangla consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter য will sometimes be transliterated as "jo" instead of "ya". Adding o-kar, the "o" vowel mark, gives a reading of /dʒo/. Like all Indic consonants, য can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent "a".

Bangla য with vowel marks
jajājijījujūjrjr̄jejaijojauj
য যা যি যী যু যূ যৃ যৄ যে যৈ যো যৌ য্

য in Bangla-using languages

য is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bangla script orthographies, including Bangla and Assamese.

Conjuncts with য

Bangla য exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts, with a tendency towards stacked ligatures.[5]

Bangla Ya-phala

Bangla Ya-phala

The letter য has a special form when used as the last letter of a conjunct called "Ya-phala" (or "Jô-fôla"). This reduced form of য is appended to the right of the preceding letter or conjunct, with vowel signs falling outside of the ya-phala as in most conjuncts.[6] The use of a reduced Ya-phala is similar to the Ra-phala and Va-phala forms, which attach to the bottom of a letter or conjunct. Unlike these other reduced consonant forms, ya-phala can be appended to the independent A vowel character. In representing Bangla text on computer systems, the Zero-width joiner is used to suppress formation of ya-phala in certain contexts, as Hasant + Ya is realized as ya-phala by default.

  • ভ্ (bh) + য (ya) gives the ligature bhya:

  • ব্ (b) + য (ya) gives the ligature bya:

  • চ্ (c) + য (ya) gives the ligature cya:

  • ঢ্ (ḍʱ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ḍʱya:

  • ড্ (ḍ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ḍya:

  • ধ্ (dʱ) + য (ya) gives the ligature dʱya:

  • দ্ (d) + র্ (r) + য (ya) gives the ligature drya, with ra phala in addition to ya phala:

  • দ্ (d) + য (ya) gives the ligature dya:

  • গ্ (g) + ধ্ (dʱ) + য (ya) gives the ligature gdʱya:

  • ঘ্ (ɡʱ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ɡʱya:

  • গ্ (g) + ন্ (n) + য (ya) gives the ligature gnya:

  • গ্ (g) + র্ (r) + য (ya) gives the ligature grya, with ra phala in addition to ya phala:

  • গ্ (g) + য (ya) gives the ligature gya:

  • জ্ (j) + য (ya) gives the ligature jya:

  • খ্ (kh) + য (ya) gives the ligature khya:

  • ক্ (k) + শ্ (ʃ) + ম্ (m) + য (ya) gives the ligature kʃmya:

  • ক্ (k) + ষ্ (ṣ) + য (ya) gives the ligature kṣya:

  • ক্ (k) + য (ya) gives the ligature kya:

  • ল্ (l) + ক্ (k) + য (ya) gives the ligature lkya:

  • ল্ (l) + য (ya) gives the ligature lya:

  • ম্ (m) + য (ya) gives the ligature mya:

  • ন্ (n) + ধ্ (dʱ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ndʱya:

  • ন্ (n) + দ্ (d) + য (ya) gives the ligature ndya:

  • ঙ্ (ŋ) + ঘ্ (ɡʱ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ŋɡʱya:

  • ঙ্ (ŋ) + গ্ (g) + য (ya) gives the ligature ŋgya:

  • ঙ্ (ŋ) + ক্ (k) + য (ya) gives the ligature ŋkya:

  • ণ্ (ṇ) + ড্ (ḍ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ṇḍya:

  • ণ্ (ṇ) + ঠ্ (ṭh) + য (ya) gives the ligature ṇṭhya:

  • ণ্ (ṇ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ṇya:

  • ন্ (n) + ত্ (t) + র্ (r) + য (ya) gives the ligature ntrya, with ra phala in addition to ya phala:

  • ন্ (n) + ত্ (t) + য (ya) gives the ligature ntya:

  • ন্ (n) + য (ya) gives the ligature nya:

  • প্ (p) + র্ (r) + য (ya) gives the ligature prya, with ra phala in addition to ya phala

  • প্ (p) + য (ya) gives the ligature pya:

  • র্ (r) + ব্ (b) + য (ya) gives the ligature rbya, with the repha prefix in addition to ya phala:

  • র্ (r) + চ্ (c) + য (ya) gives the ligature rcya, with repha and ya phala:

  • র্ (r) + ঢ্ (ḍʱ) + য (ya) gives the ligature rḍʱya, with repha and ya phala:

  • র্ (r) + ঘ্ (ɡʱ) + য (ya) gives the ligature rɡʱya, with repha and ya phala:

  • র্ (r) + গ্ (g) + য (ya) gives the ligature rɡya, with repha and ya phala:

  • র্ (r) + হ্ (h) + য (ya) gives the ligature rhya, with repha and ya phala:

  • র্ (r) + জ্ (j) + য (ya) gives the ligature rjya, with repha and ya phala:

  • র্ (r) + খ্ (kh) + য (ya) gives the ligature rkhya, with repha and ya phala:

  • র্ (r) + ক্ (k) + য (ya) gives the ligature rkya, with repha and ya phala:

  • র্ (r) + ম্ (m) + য (ya) gives the ligature rmya, with repha and ya phala:

  • র্ (r) + ণ্ (ṇ) + য (ya) gives the ligature rṇya, with repha and ya phala:

  • র্ (r) + শ্ (ʃ) + য (ya) gives the ligature rʃya, with repha and ya phala:

  • র্ (r) + ষ্ (ṣ) + য (ya) gives the ligature rṣya, with repha and ya phala:

  • র্ (r) + থ্ (th) + য (ya) gives the ligature rthya, with repha and ya phala:

  • র্ (r) + ত্ (t) + য (ya) gives the ligature rtya, with repha and ya phala:

  • শ্ (ʃ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ʃya:

  • ষ্ (ṣ) + ঠ্ (ṭh) + য (ya) gives the ligature ṣṭhya:

  • ষ্ (ṣ) + ট্ (ṭ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ṣṭya:

  • ষ্ (ṣ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ṣya:

  • স্ (s) + থ্ (th) + য (ya) gives the ligature sthya:

  • স্ (s) + ত্ (t) + য (ya) gives the ligature stya:

  • স্ (s) + য (ya) gives the ligature sya:

  • থ্ (th) + য (ya) gives the ligature thya:

  • ত্ (t) + ম্ (m) + য (ya) gives the ligature tmya:

  • ত্ (t) + র্ (r) + য (ya) gives the ligature trya, with the ra phala and ya phala suffixes

  • ট্ (ṭ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ṭya:

  • ত্ (t) + ত্ (t) + য (ya) gives the ligature ttya:

  • ত্ (t) + য (ya) gives the ligature tya:

  • য্ (y) + য (ya) gives the ligature yya:

Other conjuncts of য

Ya-phala is almost universal, and its suppression generally only happens in order to express a repha on য instead.

  • র্ (r) + য (ya) gives the ligature rya, with the repha prefix:

Gujarati Ya

Gujarati Ya.

Ya (ય) is the twenty-sixth consonant of the Gujarati abugida. It is derived from the Devanagari Ya Ya with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed, and ultimately the Brahmi letter Ya.

Gujarati-using Languages

The Gujarati script is used to write the Gujarati and Kutchi languages. In both languages, ય is pronounced as [yə] or [y] when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

YaYāYiYīYuYūYrYlYr̄Yl̄YĕYeYaiYŏYoYauY
Gujarati Ya syllables, with vowel marks in red.

Conjuncts with ય

Half form of Ya.

Gujarati ય exhibits conjunct ligatures, much like its parent Devanagari Script. Most Gujarati conjuncts can only be formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". A few conjunct clusters can be represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters, and vertically stacked conjuncts can also be found in Gujarati, although much less commonly than in Devanagari. True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Gujarati are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include Na and the Repha and Rakar forms of Ra.

  • ર્ (r) + ય (ya) gives the ligature RYa:

  • ય્ (y) + ર (ra) gives the ligature YRa:

  • ય્ (y) + ન (na) gives the ligature YNa:

Javanese Ya

Telugu Ya

Telugu Ya
Telugu subjoined Ya
Telugu independent and subjoined Ya.

Ya (య) is a consonant of the Telugu abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter Y. It is closely related to the Kannada letter ಯ. Most Telugu consonants contain a v-shaped headstroke that is related to the horizontal headline found in other Indic scripts, although headstrokes do not connect adjacent letters in Telugu. The headstroke is normally lost when adding vowel matras. Telugu conjuncts are created by reducing trailing letters to a subjoined form that appears below the initial consonant of the conjunct. Many subjoined forms are created by dropping their headline, with many extending the end of the stroke of the main letter body to form an extended tail reaching up to the right of the preceding consonant. This subjoining of trailing letters to create conjuncts is in contrast to the leading half forms of Devanagari and Bangla letters. Ligature conjuncts are not a feature in Telugu, with the only non-standard construction being an alternate subjoined form of Ṣa (borrowed from Kannada) in the KṢa conjunct.

Malayalam Ya

Malayalam letter Ya

Ya (യ) is a consonant of the Malayalam abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter Y, via the Grantha letter Ya Ya. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

Malayalam Ya matras: Ya, Yā, Yi, Yī, Yu, Yū, Yr̥, Yr̥̄, Yl̥, Yl̥̄, Ye, Yē, Yai, Yo, Yō, Yau, and Y.

Conjuncts of യ

Malayalam letter Chillu Y

As is common in Indic scripts, Malayalam joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. There are several ways in which conjuncts are formed in Malayalam texts: using a post-base form of a trailing consonant placed under the initial consonant of a conjunct, a combined ligature of two or more consonants joined together, a conjoining form that appears as a combining mark on the rest of the conjunct, the use of an explicit candrakkala mark to suppress the inherent "a" vowel, or a special consonant form called a "chillu" letter, representing a bare consonant without the inherent "a" vowel. Texts written with the modern reformed Malayalam orthography, put̪iya lipi, may favor more regular conjunct forms than older texts in paḻaya lipi, due to changes undertaken in the 1970s by the Government of Kerala.

  • യ് (y) + ക (ka) gives the ligature yka:

  • യ് (y) + ത (ta) gives the ligature yta:

  • യ് (y) + യ (ya) gives the ligature yya:

Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Ye

ᔦ, ᔨ, ᔪ and ᔭ are the base characters "Ye", "Yi", "Yo" and "Ya" in the Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics. The bare consonant ᔾ (Y) is a small version of the A-series letter ᔭ, although the Western Cree letter ᕀ, derived from Pitman shorthand was the original bare consonant symbol for Y. The character ᔦ is derived from a handwritten form of the Devanagari letter य, without the headline or vertical stem, and the forms for different vowels are derived by mirroring.[7] Unlike most writing systems without legacy computer encodings, complex Canadian syllabic letters are represented in Unicode with pre-composed characters, rather than with base characters and diacritical marks.

Variant E-series I-series O-series A-series Other
Y + vowel ᔦᔨᔪᔭ-
YeYiYoYa-
Related small -ᕁᔿᔾᕀ
-Sayasi YiBible-Cree YYWest Cree Y
Y with long vowels -ᔩᔫᔬᔮ--
-YīYōCree YōYāCree Yā-
Y + W-vowels ᔯᔰᔱᔲᔵᔶᔹᔺ-
YweCree YweYwiCree YwiYwoCree YwoYwaCree Ywa-
Y + long W-vowels -ᔳᔴᔷᔸᔻᔽᔼ-
-YwīCree YwīYwōCree YwōYwāNaskapi YwāCree Ywā-
Y with ring diacritic -ᔧᣃᣄ-
-YāiYoyYay-

Odia Jya

Odia independent letter Jya
Odia independent Jya.

Jya (ଯ) is a consonant of the Odia abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter Y, via the Siddhaṃ letter Ya Ya. Unlike the cognate letter in many other Indic scripts and similar to the Bangla letter, Odia Jya is pronounced as a voiced postalveolar affricate, same as "J" in English. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

Odia Ya with vowel matras
JyaJyāJyiJyīJyuJyūJyr̥Jyr̥̄Jyl̥Jyl̥̄JyeJyaiJyoJyauJy
ଯଯାଯିଯୀଯୁଯୂଯୃଯୄଯୢଯୣଯେଯୈଯୋଯୌଯ୍

As is common in Indic scripts, Odia joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a small subjoined form of trailing consonants. Most consonants' subjoined forms are identical to the full form, just reduced in size, although a few drop the curved headline or have a subjoined form not directly related to the full form of the consonant. The second type of conjunct formation is through pure ligatures, where the constituent consonants are written together in a single graphic form. ଯ generates conjuncts only by subjoining and does not form ligatures.

Odia Ya

Odia independent letter Ya
Odia subjoined letter Ya
Odia independent and subjoined letter Ya.

Ya (ୟ) is the second "Y" consonant of the Odia abugida. Unlike its relative, it retains the palatal approximant pronunciation "y". It is descended from the Brahmi and Siddhaṃ letter a, the same as ଯ. Like other Odia consonants, ୟ has an inherent "a" vowel, and takes one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

Odia Yva with vowel matras
YaYāYiYīYuYūYr̥Yr̥̄Yl̥Yl̥̄YeYaiYoYauY
ୟୟାୟିୟୀୟୁୟୂୟୃୟୄୟୢୟୣୟେୟୈୟୋୟୌୟ୍

Conjuncts of ୟ

As is common in Indic scripts, Odia joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a small subjoined form of trailing consonants. Most consonants' subjoined forms are identical to the full form, just reduced in size, although a few drop the curved headline or have a subjoined form not directly related to the full form of the consonant. The subjoined form of is unique in appearing to the right of the preceding letters, rather than below. This postfixed form of Ya is called "Ya Phala". The second type of conjunct formation is through pure ligatures, where the constituent consonants are written together in a single graphic form. This ligature may be recognizable as being a combination of two characters or it can have a conjunct ligature unrelated to its constituent characters.

  • ଧ୍ (dʱ) + ୟ (ya) gives the ligature dʱya:

Kaithi Ya

Kaithi consonant Ya
Kaithi half-form letter Ya
Kaithi consonant and half-form Ya.

Ya (𑂨) is a consonant of the Kaithi abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter Y, via the Siddhaṃ letter Ya Ya. Like in other Indic scripts, Kaithi consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

Kaithi Ya with vowel matras
YaYāYiYīYuYūYeYaiYoYauY
𑂨𑂨𑂰𑂨𑂱𑂨𑂲𑂨𑂳𑂨𑂴𑂨𑂵𑂨𑂶𑂨𑂷𑂨𑂸𑂨𑂹

Conjuncts of 𑂨

As is common in Indic scripts, Kaithi joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a half form of preceding consonants, although several consonants use an explicit virama. Most half forms are derived from the full form by removing the vertical stem. As is common in most Indic scripts, conjucts of ra are indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found in Kaithi writing, but true ligatures are not used in the modern Kaithi script.

  • 𑂨୍ (y) + 𑂩 (ra) gives the ligature yra:
  • 𑂩୍ (r) + 𑂨 (ya) gives the ligature rya:

Comparison of Ya

The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including Ya, are related as well.

Comparison of Ya in different scripts
Aramaic
Ya
Kharoṣṭhī
𐨩		Ashoka Brahmi
Ya		Kushana Brahmi[lower-alpha 1]
Ya		Tocharian[lower-alpha 2]
Ya
Gupta Brahmi
Ya		Pallava
Ya
Kadamba
-
Bhaiksuki
𑰧		Siddhaṃ
Ya		Grantha
𑌯		Cham
ꨢ
Sinhala
ය		Pyu /
Old Mon[lower-alpha 3]
-
Tibetan
Ya		Newa
𑐫		Ahom
-		Malayalam
യ
Telugu
య		Burmese
ယ
Lepcha
ᰚ		Ranjana
Ya		Saurashtra
ꢫ		Dives Akuru
𑤥
Kannada
ಯ		Kayah Li
ꤛ
Limbu
ᤕ		Soyombo[lower-alpha 4]
𑩻		Khmer
យ		Tamil
Ya
Chakma
𑄠		Tai Tham
ᨿ / ᩀ
Meitei Mayek
ꯌ		Gaudi
-		Thai
ย		Lao
ຍ / ຽ / ໟ / ຢ
Tai Le
ᥕ
Marchen
𑲉		Tirhuta
𑒨		New Tai Lue
ᦍ / ᦊ		Tai Viet
ꪤ / ꪥ		Aksara Kawi
Ya
'Phags-pa
ꡗ		Odia
ଯ		Sharada
𑆪		Rejang
ꤿ		Batak
ᯛ		Buginese
ᨐ
Zanabazar Square
𑨪		Bengali-Assamese
Ya		Takri
𑚣		Javanese
ꦪ		Balinese
ᬬ		Makasar
𑻬
Hangul[lower-alpha 5]
-		Northern Nagari
-		Dogri
𑠣		Laṇḍā
-		Sundanese
ᮚ		Baybayin
ᜌ
Modi
𑘧		Gujarati
ય		Khojki
𑈥		Khudabadi
𑋘		Mahajani
-		Tagbanwa
ᝬ
Devanagari
Ya		Nandinagari
𑧇		Kaithi
Ya		Gurmukhi
ਯ		Multani
𑊡		Buhid
ᝌ
Canadian Syllabics[lower-alpha 6]
ᔦ		Soyombo[lower-alpha 7]
𑩻		Sylheti Nagari
-		Gunjala Gondi
𑵬		Masaram Gondi[lower-alpha 8]
𑴥		Hanuno'o
ᜬ
Notes
  1. ↑ The middle "Kushana" form of Brahmi is a later style that emerged as Brahmi scripts were beginning to proliferate. Gupta Brahmi was definitely a stylistic descendant from Kushana, but other Brahmi-derived scripts may have descended from earlier forms.
  2. ↑ Tocharian is probably derived from the middle period "Kushana" form of Brahmi, although artifacts from that time are not plentiful enough to establish a definite succession.
  3. ↑ Pyu and Old Mon are probably the precursors of the Burmese script, and may be derived from either the Pallava or Kadamba script
  4. ↑ May also be derived from Devangari (see bottom left of table)
  5. ↑ The Origin of Hangul from 'Phags-pa is one of limited influence, inspiring at most a few basic letter shapes. Hangul does not function as an Indic abugida.
  6. ↑ Although the basic letter forms of the Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics were derived from handwritten Devanagari letters, this abugida indicates vowel sounds by rotations of the letter form, rather than the use of vowel diacritics as is standard in Indic abugidas.
  7. ↑ May also be derived from Ranjana (see above)
  8. ↑ Masaram Gondi acts as an Indic abugida, but its letterforms were not derived from any single precursor script.

    Character encodings of Ya

    Most Indic scripts are encoded in the Unicode Standard, and as such the letter Ya in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. Ya from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as ISCII.

    Character information
    Previewయଯಯയયਯ
    Unicode name DEVANAGARI LETTER YA BENGALI LETTER YA TAMIL LETTER YA TELUGU LETTER YA ORIYA LETTER YA KANNADA LETTER YA MALAYALAM LETTER YA GUJARATI LETTER YA GURMUKHI LETTER YA
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode2351U+092F2479U+09AF2991U+0BAF3119U+0C2F2863U+0B2F3247U+0CAF3375U+0D2F2735U+0AAF2607U+0A2F
    UTF-8224 164 175E0 A4 AF224 166 175E0 A6 AF224 174 175E0 AE AF224 176 175E0 B0 AF224 172 175E0 AC AF224 178 175E0 B2 AF224 180 175E0 B4 AF224 170 175E0 AA AF224 168 175E0 A8 AF
    Numeric character referenceययযযயயయయଯଯಯಯയയયયਯਯ
    ISCII205CD205CD205CD205CD205CD205CD205CD205CD205CD


    Character information
    Preview
    Ashoka
    Kushana
    Gupta
    		𐨩𑌯
    Unicode name BRAHMI LETTER YA KHAROSHTHI LETTER YA SIDDHAM LETTER YA GRANTHA LETTER YA
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode69676U+1102C68137U+10A2971079U+115A770447U+1132F
    UTF-8240 145 128 172F0 91 80 AC240 144 168 169F0 90 A8 A9240 145 150 167F0 91 96 A7240 145 140 175F0 91 8C AF
    UTF-1655300 56364D804 DC2C55298 56873D802 DE2955301 56743D805 DDA755300 57135D804 DF2F
    Numeric character reference𑀬𑀬𐨩𐨩𑖧𑖧𑌯𑌯


    Character information
    Previewྱꡗ𑨪𑐫𑰧𑆪
    Unicode name TIBETAN LETTER YA TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER YA PHAGS-PA LETTER YA ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER YA NEWA LETTER YA BHAIKSUKI LETTER YA SHARADA LETTER YA
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode3937U+0F614017U+0FB143095U+A85772234U+11A2A70699U+1142B72743U+11C2770058U+111AA
    UTF-8224 189 161E0 BD A1224 190 177E0 BE B1234 161 151EA A1 97240 145 168 170F0 91 A8 AA240 145 144 171F0 91 90 AB240 145 176 167F0 91 B0 A7240 145 134 170F0 91 86 AA
    UTF-1639370F6140170FB143095A85755302 56874D806 DE2A55301 56363D805 DC2B55303 56359D807 DC2755300 56746D804 DDAA
    Numeric character referenceཡཡྱྱꡗꡗ𑨪𑨪𑐫𑐫𑰧𑰧𑆪𑆪


    Character information
    Previewယᨿᩀᩭᦍᦊ
    Unicode name MYANMAR LETTER YA TAI THAM LETTER LOW YA TAI THAM LETTER HIGH YA TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN OY NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW YA NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH YA
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode4122U+101A6719U+1A3F6720U+1A406765U+1A6D6541U+198D6538U+198A
    UTF-8225 128 154E1 80 9A225 168 191E1 A8 BF225 169 128E1 A9 80225 169 173E1 A9 AD225 166 141E1 A6 8D225 166 138E1 A6 8A
    Numeric character referenceယယᨿᨿᩀᩀᩭᩭᦍᦍᦊᦊ


    Character information
    Previewយยꪤꪥ
    Unicode name KHMER LETTER YO THAI CHARACTER YO YAK TAI VIET LETTER LOW YO TAI VIET LETTER HIGH YO
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode6041U+17993618U+0E2243684U+AAA443685U+AAA5
    UTF-8225 158 153E1 9E 99224 184 162E0 B8 A2234 170 164EA AA A4234 170 165EA AA A5
    Numeric character referenceយយยยꪤꪤꪥꪥ
    • See further below for Lao codepoints.


    Character information
    Previewයꤛ𑄠𑄡ᥕ𑤥ꢫꨢ
    Unicode name SINHALA LETTER YAYANNA KAYAH LI LETTER YA CHAKMA LETTER YYAA CHAKMA LETTER YAA TAI LE LETTER YA DIVES AKURU LETTER YA SAURASHTRA LETTER YA CHAM LETTER YA
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode3514U+0DBA43291U+A91B69920U+1112069921U+111216485U+195571973U+1192543179U+A8AB43554U+AA22
    UTF-8224 182 186E0 B6 BA234 164 155EA A4 9B240 145 132 160F0 91 84 A0240 145 132 161F0 91 84 A1225 165 149E1 A5 95240 145 164 165F0 91 A4 A5234 162 171EA A2 AB234 168 162EA A8 A2
    UTF-1635140DBA43291A91B55300 56608D804 DD2055300 56609D804 DD216485195555302 56613D806 DD2543179A8AB43554AA22
    Numeric character referenceයයꤛꤛ𑄠𑄠𑄡𑄡ᥕᥕ𑤥𑤥ꢫꢫꨢꨢ


    Character information
    Preview𑘧𑧇𑩻𑵬
    Unicode name MODI LETTER YA NANDINAGARI LETTER YA SOYOMBO LETTER YA GUNJALA GONDI LETTER YA KAITHI LETTER YA
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode71207U+1162772135U+119C772315U+11A7B73068U+11D6C69800U+110A8
    UTF-8240 145 152 167F0 91 98 A7240 145 167 135F0 91 A7 87240 145 169 187F0 91 A9 BB240 145 181 172F0 91 B5 AC240 145 130 168F0 91 82 A8
    UTF-1655301 56871D805 DE2755302 56775D806 DDC755302 56955D806 DE7B55303 56684D807 DD6C55300 56488D804 DCA8
    Numeric character reference𑘧𑘧𑧇𑧇𑩻𑩻𑵬𑵬𑂨𑂨


    Character information
    Preview𑒨ᰚᤕꯌ𑲉
    Unicode name TIRHUTA LETTER YA LEPCHA LETTER YA LIMBU LETTER YA MEETEI MAYEK LETTER YANG MARCHEN LETTER YA
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode70824U+114A87194U+1C1A6421U+191543980U+ABCC72841U+11C89
    UTF-8240 145 146 168F0 91 92 A8225 176 154E1 B0 9A225 164 149E1 A4 95234 175 140EA AF 8C240 145 178 137F0 91 B2 89
    UTF-1655301 56488D805 DCA871941C1A6421191543980ABCC55303 56457D807 DC89
    Numeric character reference𑒨𑒨ᰚᰚᤕᤕꯌꯌ𑲉𑲉


    Character information
    Preview𑚣𑠣𑈥𑋘𑊡
    Unicode name TAKRI LETTER YA DOGRA LETTER YA KHOJKI LETTER YA KHUDAWADI LETTER YA MULTANI LETTER YA
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode71331U+116A371715U+1182370181U+1122570360U+112D870305U+112A1
    UTF-8240 145 154 163F0 91 9A A3240 145 160 163F0 91 A0 A3240 145 136 165F0 91 88 A5240 145 139 152F0 91 8B 98240 145 138 161F0 91 8A A1
    UTF-1655301 56995D805 DEA355302 56355D806 DC2355300 56869D804 DE2555300 57048D804 DED855300 56993D804 DEA1
    Numeric character reference𑚣𑚣𑠣𑠣𑈥𑈥𑋘𑋘𑊡𑊡


    Character information
    Previewᬬᯛᨐꦪ𑻬ꤿᮚ
    Unicode name BALINESE LETTER YA BATAK LETTER YA BUGINESE LETTER YA JAVANESE LETTER YA MAKASAR LETTER YA REJANG LETTER YA SUNDANESE LETTER YA
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode6956U+1B2C7131U+1BDB6672U+1A1043434U+A9AA73452U+11EEC43327U+A93F7066U+1B9A
    UTF-8225 172 172E1 AC AC225 175 155E1 AF 9B225 168 144E1 A8 90234 166 170EA A6 AA240 145 187 172F0 91 BB AC234 164 191EA A4 BF225 174 154E1 AE 9A
    UTF-1669561B2C71311BDB66721A1043434A9AA55303 57068D807 DEEC43327A93F70661B9A
    Numeric character referenceᬬᬬᯛᯛᨐᨐꦪꦪ𑻬𑻬ꤿꤿᮚᮚ


    Character information
    Previewᜌᝬᝌᜬ𑴥
    Unicode name TAGALOG LETTER YA TAGBANWA LETTER YA BUHID LETTER YA HANUNOO LETTER YA MASARAM GONDI LETTER YA
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode5900U+170C5996U+176C5964U+174C5932U+172C72997U+11D25
    UTF-8225 156 140E1 9C 8C225 157 172E1 9D AC225 157 140E1 9D 8C225 156 172E1 9C AC240 145 180 165F0 91 B4 A5
    UTF-165900170C5996176C5964174C5932172C55303 56613D807 DD25
    Numeric character referenceᜌᜌᝬᝬᝌᝌᜬᜬ𑴥𑴥
    Character information
    Previewᔦᔨᔪᔭᔾ
    Unicode name CANADIAN SYLLABICS YE CANADIAN SYLLABICS YI CANADIAN SYLLABICS YO CANADIAN SYLLABICS YA CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode5414U+15265416U+15285418U+152A5421U+152D5438U+153E
    UTF-8225 148 166E1 94 A6225 148 168E1 94 A8225 148 170E1 94 AA225 148 173E1 94 AD225 148 190E1 94 BE
    Numeric character referenceᔦᔦᔨᔨᔪᔪᔭᔭᔾᔾ
    • The full range of yE Canadian syllabic characters can be found at the codepoint ranges 1526-153E, 141E, 142B-142E, 18B0-18B3, 18DC-18DD.

    Character information
    Previewຍຽໟຢ
    Unicode name LAO LETTER NYO LAO SEMIVOWEL SIGN NYO LAO LETTER KHMU NYO LAO LETTER YO
    Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechex
    Unicode3725U+0E8D3773U+0EBD3807U+0EDF3746U+0EA2
    UTF-8224 186 141E0 BA 8D224 186 189E0 BA BD224 187 159E0 BB 9F224 186 162E0 BA A2
    Numeric character referenceຍຍຽຽໟໟຢຢ

    References

    1. ↑ Ifrah, Georges (2000). The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 447–450. ISBN 0-471-39340-1.
    2. 1 2 Bühler, Georg (1898). "On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet". archive.org. Karl J. Trübner. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
    3. ↑ Evolutionary chart, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838
    4. ↑ Pall, Peeter. "Microsoft Word - kblhi2" (PDF). Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed. Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
    5. ↑ "The Bengali Alphabet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-28.
    6. ↑ Jain & Cardona, Danesh & George (Jul 26, 2007). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. p. 82. ISBN 9781135797119.
    7. ↑ Zui. "Writing in North America — Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics". The Language Closet. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
    ^note Conjuncts are identified by IAST transliteration, except aspirated consonants are indicated with a superscript "h" to distinguish from an unaspirated cononant + Ha, and the use of the IPA "ŋ" and "ʃ" instead of the less dinstinctive "ṅ" and "ś".
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