Isaiah 2
The Great Isaiah Scroll, the best preserved of the biblical scrolls found at Qumran from the second century BC, contains all the verses in this chapter.
BookBook of Isaiah
Hebrew Bible partNevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part5
CategoryLatter Prophets
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part23

Isaiah 2 is the second chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.[1] This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets.[2]

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 22 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[3]

Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls (3rd century BC or later):[4]

  • 1QIsaa: complete
  • 4QIsaa (4Q55): extant: verses 7-10
  • 4QIsab (4Q56): extant: verses 3-16
  • 4QIsaf (4Q60): extant: verses 1-3
  • 4QIsal (4Q65): extant: verses 1-4

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).[5]

Old Testament references

Micah 4:1–3 is very similar to Isaiah 2:2-4.[6]

Parashot

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.[7] Isaiah 2 is a part of the Prophecies about Judah and Israel (Isaiah 1-12). {P}: open parashah.

{P} 2:1-4 {P} 2:5-11 {P} 2:12-22 {P}

The mountain of the Lord's house (2:1–4)

This part is the beginning of an oracle which comprises chapters 2-4, with the basic theme of the glorious future of Jerusalem.[8]

Verse 1

The word that Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem.[9]

A new superscription inserted here may serve to emphasize the originality of this prophecy as Isaiah's, as the subsequent words of oracle (verses 2–4) can also be found, with minor differences, in the Book of Micah.[6]

Verse 2

And it shall come to pass in the last days, that the mountain of the Lord's house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow unto it.[10]

The oracle in verses 2–4 bears a close similarity to Micah 4:1–3 but with a different conclusion.[6]

Verse 3

And many people shall go and say, Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.[11]

Verse 4

Bible verse Isaiah 2:4 (KJV) written on a wall across the street from the headquarters of the United Nations in New York City
And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.[12]

Many speeches and movements concerned with peace and the adaptation of military technology to peaceful uses have adopted the phrase "swords into plowshares". The verse is a reversal of Joel 3:10, where the ploughshares and pruning hooks are to become swords and spears, as it is related to 'the need for continued conflict'.[6]

The day of the Lord (2:5–22)

This section contains an oracle about "the day of the Lord" which brings together two basic themes in the book of Isaiah: "the vanity of human self-confidence" and "the folly of worshipping false gods".[6]

Verse 5

O house of Jacob, come ye, and let us walk in the light of the LORD.[13]

The first part of this verse in Hebrew: "בית יעקב לכו ונלכה" Beit Ya'akov Lekhu Venelkha ("House of Jacob, let us go [up]") is the basis of the acronym "Bilu" (Hebrew בילו) which became the name of a twentieth-century movement in Israel.[14]

Verse 6

Therefore thou hast forsaken thy people the house of Jacob, because they be replenished from the east, and are soothsayers like the Philistines, and they please themselves in the children of strangers.[15]
... and of soothsayers like the Philistines.[16]

This verse starts the actual new section, following verse 5 which is only linked by the phrase 'house of Jacob'.[6]

Verse 22

Cease ye from man, whose breath is in his nostrils: for wherein is he to be accounted of ?[17]

The New King James Version renders this verse:

Sever yourselves from such a man, whose breath is in his nostrils; for of what account is he?

This verse is not found in the Septuagint,[18] and could be a later insertion in Isaiah's prophecy.[19]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Coggins 2007, p. 439.
  2. ↑ Coggins 2007, pp. 433–436.
  3. ↑ Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
  4. ↑ Ulrich 2010, p. 333-335.
  5. ↑ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Coggins 2007, p. 440.
  7. ↑ As implemented in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.
  8. ↑ Coggins 2007, pp. 439–440.
  9. ↑ Isaiah 2:1 KJV
  10. ↑ Isaiah 2:2 KJV
  11. ↑ Isaiah 2:3 KJV
  12. ↑ Isaiah 2:4 KJV
  13. ↑ Isaiah 2:5 KJV
  14. ↑ Israel Belkind (1861-1929) - Jewish Virtual Library
  15. ↑ Isaiah 2:6 KJV
  16. ↑ Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "Isaiah 2". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.
  17. ↑ Isaiah 2:22 KJV
  18. ↑ Coggins 2007, p. 441.
  19. ↑ Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Isaiah 2. Accessed 28 April 2019.

Sources

  • Coggins, R (2007). "22. Isaiah". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 433–486. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  • Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill. ISBN 9789004181830. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  • Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

Jewish

Christian

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