Jakarta MRT
Ratangga (with Jak Lingko livery) set 11 departing from Lebak Bulus station
Ratangga (with Jak Lingko livery) set 11 departing from Lebak Bulus station
Overview
Native nameModa Raya Terpadu (MRT) Jakarta[lower-alpha 1]
OwnerProvincial Government of DKI Jakarta
directly and through Perumda Pasar Jaya
Area servedJakarta
Banten and West Java[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3]
LocaleJakarta, Indonesia
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines1
Line number1 (operational)
1 (under construction)
2 (planned)
Number of stations13 (North–South line, first phase)
Daily ridership163,162[1]
Chief executiveTuhiyat, CEO
HeadquartersWisma Nusantara, 21st Floor, Jalan Mohammad Husni Thamrin 59, Jakarta, 10350, Indonesia
WebsiteMRT Jakarta
Operation
Began operation24 March 2019 (2019-03-24)
Operator(s)PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (Perseroda)
CharacterElevated & underground
Number of vehicles16 six-car MRTJ 1000 series trainsets
Headway5 minutes (peak)
10 minutes (off-peak)[2]
Technical
System length15.7 km (9.8 mi)[3]
(current)
159.7 km (99.2 mi) (planned)
Track gauge1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) (North-South line)
1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (East-West and Other-Ring line) (planned)
Electrification1,500 V DC overhead catenary
Top speed80 km/h (elevated section), 100 km/h (underground section)
System map

The Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (Indonesian: Moda Raya Terpadu Jakarta[lower-alpha 1]) or Jakarta MRT (MRT Jakarta, stylized as mrt jakarta) is a rapid transit system in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia.

The system is operated by PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (Perseroda), a municipally owned perseroan terbatas of the city of Jakarta. Phase 1 of the project (Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI) was officially opened on 24 March 2019.[4][5]

History

Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia, harbouring 10 million inhabitants, one-third of the population of Greater Jakarta. It is estimated that over four million residents of the surrounding Greater Jakarta area commute to and from the city each working day. Transport issues have increasingly begun to attract political attention and it has been foreseen that without a major transportation breakthrough, the city will have complete traffic gridlock by 2020.[6]

Impending gridlock and stall

The idea of MRT construction in Jakarta has been sparked since 1985 by the then Head of the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, B.J. Habibie. The BPPT said that population growth in Jakarta declined between 1985 and 1990. However, the growth of Jakarta's satellite cities was high so that the mobility of residents from the capital to Bodetabek was very large. The roads in Jakarta will no longer be able to accommodate the mobility of the population. Therefore, a mode of transport is needed that accommodates the mobility of people from the Bodetabek area.[7][8]

An estimated four million people in the Greater Jakarta area commute every day. This transport problem is starting to attract political attention. In 2004, a study by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) revealed that the rapid growth of vehicles in Jabodetabek would begin to impact traffic flow. If there was no breakthrough in establishing a major public transport system, it would result in more and more congestion. If this continues, then by 2020 all residents in Jakarta will be blocked by traffic even when they have just stepped out of their garages.[9]

As of 2010, public transportation in Jakarta served only 56% of commuter trips.[10] This figure must be increased again considering the high growth of the vehicle population. The average growth of motorised vehicles in Jakarta was 9.5%, while the growth of road length only reached 0.1% between 2005 and 2010.[11] This must be addressed with a policy to reduce and prevent severe congestion.[12] Until then, public transportation in the city mainly consists of the TransJakarta bus rapid transit system,[13] the KRL Commuterline commuter rail,[14] and various types of independent buses; starting from the very small bemo and pickup-truck sized mikrolet, to slightly larger minibuses such as the widely used MetroMini and Kopaja minibuses and full sized city buses. There are also both two and four wheeled taxis.

The plan to build the Jakarta MRT has been rolled out from time to time as one of the options to unravel congestion. In 1996, President Soeharto's administration set out to build the Jakarta MRT with a 14 km Blok M‒Stasiun Jakarta Kota route, fully built underground. However, this endeavour failed due to the 1997‒1998 economic crisis. In 2000, the project was resumed after Indonesia's socio-political and economic conditions improved. At that time, the Study on Integrated Transportation Master Plan for Jabodetabek (SITRAMP) phase I was initiated. The main points of SITRAMP I were the reassessment of the MRT project of Fatmawati‒Monas route and the installation of the concept for SITRAMP II. At the request of the Government of Indonesia, JICA was entrusted by the Government of Japan to undertake the SITRAMP II study which lasted from November 2001 to March 2004. JICA offered the Fatmawati‒Monas route with several alternative construction designs to the government which were obtained after conducting a feasibility study.[7] However, efforts to build the MRT were only resumed in 2005. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono designated the Jakarta MRT as a national project. From this designation, the preparatory processes for the construction of the first line of the Jakarta MRT began. The Japanese government also agreed to provide a loan for this national project.[8][15]

First development

Dukuh Atas MRT Station underground line tunnel during construction (2019)

The process of developing the first line of the Jakarta MRT began when President SBY designated the system as a national project. In November 2006, the first loan agreement was signed with JICA for the MRT project. The agreement includes study funding and construction work funding for the first MRT line.[16][17] On 17 June 2008, the DKI Jakarta Government established PT MRT Jakarta as a regional-owned enterprise company to support the construction and operation of the Jakarta MRT.[8][18]

The basic design work of this first line was carried out from 2010 to 2012. On 26 April 2012, the declaration of the preparation of the Jakarta MRT North-South Line project was carried out by then DKI Jakarta Governor, Fauzi Bowo.[19] A year later, on 11 June 2013, the first three project contracts were signed, namely the underground track construction.[20] Meanwhile, the contract for the elevated track was signed on 10 October 2013.[21] This event was held in conjunction with the laying of the first stone to mark the start of construction by the new Governor, Joko Widodo.[22]

Construction of the entire line was fully completed on 31 October 2017.[23] Starting 12 March 2019, the line was opened to the public in a limited public trial that lasted until just before the inauguration.[24] The first line of the Jakarta MRT was officially operated on 24 March 2019 after being inaugurated by President Joko Widodo.[25][26][22][27]

Continued development

At the same time as the inauguration of the first phase of the North-South Line, President Joko Widodo also launched the construction of the second phase of the North-South Line.[25][26][27] The construction process of this second phase, especially phase II-A (Bunderan HI‒Kota Tua), is considered to be late from the target. This is due to the Covid-19 pandemic which affects the budget and the contract auction process. As a result, there are several contract packages that are combined and carried out by direct procurement. The first segment construction target, which was originally completed in 2024, is believed to be delayed until 2025.[28][29] To date, the construction process for this phase is still ongoing. Unlike the previous phase, this second phase has been designed to be built with the concept of a transit-oriented area,[30] making it easier for users to switch modes of transport. Meanwhile, phase II-B (Kota Tua‒Ancol) is still under feasibility study.[31]

Funding

Phase 1

Initial proposed line and stations of MRT Jakarta (2014)

Phase 1 of the project was funded through a soft loan (Rp16 trillion) (US$1.2 billion) from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) with a 30 years tenure and 0.25% interest per annum.[32] The loan number IP is 536 (signed November 2006) for engineering services. The engineering services loan is a pre-construction loan to prepare the construction phase. It consists of:

  • Basic Design package, managed by the DGR (Directorate General of Railways, Ministry of Transport)
  • Management and Operation package, managed by the Bappeda (Jakarta Regional Planning Board)
  • Construction assistance in tender, managed by the PT MRT Jakarta

Phase 2

Phase 2 was funded through a similar loan scheme with a 40 years tenure, allowing a 10 years grace period. The first stage of phase 2 funding (Rp9.4 trillion) incurred 0.1% interest per annum.[33] Phase 2A funding (Rp25 trillion) will cover a portion of phase 1 excess expenditure (Rp2.5 trillion).

On 24 August 2022, it was announced that the cost required for Phase 2A has been adjusted to Rp26 trillion (US$1.7 billion), up from Rp22.5 trillion. The challenging soil conditions were cited as the reason for the increase.[34]

Phase 3

Phase 3 will be funded by a Japanese investor, in January 2023 it was announced that cost required for Phase 3 is Rp160 trillion (US$10.6 billion).[35]

The Phase 3 will connected from Balaraja to Cikarang.[36]

Phase 4

Phase 4 will be funded by a South Korean consortium led by Korea Overseas Infrastructure and Urban Development Corporation with estimates cost Rp28 trillion (US$1.9 billion).[37][38]

System network

MRT train depot in Lebak Bulus Station
Jakarta MRT Red line system map

The Jakarta MRT is expected to stretch across over 108 kilometres (67 mi), including 26.7 kilometres (16.6 mi) for the Red line (from Lebak Bulus to Ancol) and 87 kilometres (54 mi) for the Yellow line (from Cikarang to Balaraja).[39] Trains run on the right to match Indonesian railways, which also have a right handed traffic, despite Indonesia has a left handed traffic for roads.

The following table lists the MRT lines that are currently operational, under construction or planned as of April 2023. Planned lines are preliminary and could still be altered before entering construction phase.

Colour and Line Name Phase Service Commencement Terminus Stations Length Depot
Operational
North-South Line 1 24 March 2019 Lebak Bulus
Bundaran HI		 13 15.7 km (9.8 mi) Lebak Bulus
Under construction
North-South Line 2A 2027/2029 Bundaran HI
Kota		 7 5.8 km (3.6 mi) Lebak Bulus
Planned
North-South Line 2B TBA Kota
Ancol		 2 5.2 km (3.2 mi) Ancol Barat
East-West Line 3A S1 TBA Tomang
Medan Satria		 21 24.5 km (15.2 mi) Rorotan (preliminary)
East-West Line 3A S2 Tomang
Kembangan		 TBA 9.2 km (5.7 mi)
East-West Line 3B Kembangan
Balaraja		 29.9 km (18.6 mi) Balaraja (preliminary)
East-West Line 3B Medan Satria
Cikarang		 20.5 km (12.7 mi) TBD
Outer–Ring Line 4 Fatmawati
TMII		 10 12 km (7.5 mi) Kampung Rambutan (preliminary)

North–South line

North–South line
 
 
Ancol Barat Depot
Ancol
 Jakarta Inner Ring Road
Kampung Bandan
 Mangga Dua
│ ↑ Phase 2
Jakarta Kota
 Kota
Koridor 1 Transjakarta Koridor 12 Transjakarta
 Glodok
Koridor 1 Transjakarta
 Mangga Besar
Koridor 1 Transjakarta
 Sawah Besar
Koridor 1 Transjakarta
 Harmoni
Koridor 1 Transjakarta Koridor 2 Transjakarta Koridor 3 Transjakarta
↑ Phase 2A II: opening 2029
 Monas
 Thamrin
 M2  Koridor 1 Transjakarta
↑ Phase 2A I: opening 2027
BHI
 Bundaran HI
Koridor 1 Transjakarta
DKA
 Dukuh Atas BNI
Koridor 1 Transjakarta Koridor 4 Transjakarta Koridor 6 Transjakarta
 BNI City │ Sudirman
 West Flood Canal
 Dukuh Atas
STB
 Setiabudi Astra
Koridor 1 Transjakarta
BNH
 Bendungan Hilir
Koridor 1 Transjakarta Koridor 9 Transjakarta
 Jakarta Inner Ring Road
IST
 Istora Mandiri
Koridor 1 Transjakarta
SNY
 Senayan Mastercard
Koridor 1 Transjakarta Koridor 4 Transjakarta
SSM
 ASEAN
Koridor 1 Transjakarta Koridor 13 Transjakarta
BLM
 Blok M BCA
Koridor 1 Transjakarta
BLA
 Blok A
HJN
 Haji Nawi
CPR
 Cipete Raya
 Jakarta Outer Ring Road
FTM
 Fatmawati Indomaret
LBB
 Lebak Bulus Grab
Koridor 8 Transjakarta
Lebak Bulus Depot
Istora Station Platform
Jakarta MRT passengers waiting for the train on the platform

Phase 1

Phase 1 connects Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI along 15.7 kilometres (9.8 mi) and consists of 13 stations (7 elevated stations and 6 underground stations).[40] The Indonesian Ministry of Transport approved this plan in September 2010 and invited tenders. Construction began in October 2013.[41]

Phase 1 was opened for free service on 24 March 2019. Commercial service began on 1 April 2019.[42] Phase 1 is expected to serve 212,000 passengers per day. This expected capacity may be maxed out to 960,000 per day. The 15.7 kilometres (9.8 mi) distance is covered in under 30 minutes.[43] Within its first month of operations, 82,000 passengers used the line daily.[44]

Phase 2

Phase 2 was initially planned to extend Bundaran HI to Kampung Bandan in North Jakarta. However, land acquisition issues hindered the process, prompting the administration to find an alternative location, which will also be designed to house the train depot.

On 1 January 2019, the president director of MRT Jakarta, William Sabandar said the city administration had decided to make Kota the final station for Phase 2. The extension was then renamed to Phase 2A.

Phase 2A will extend the Red line northwards, from Bundaran HI to Kota and consists of 7 stations over 5.8 kilometres (3.6 mi). The extension was initially planned to be fully operational by March 2026. However, due to problems securing bidders for the construction and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the extension is now targeted to be fully operational by 2028.[45][46]

On 20 February 2019, it was announced that the Red line will be extended further, towards Ancol. The extension was named Phase 2B.[47]

On 17 February 2020, during the signing of contract CP201 for the construction of the first two stations of the Phase 2A extension, the administration announced that Phase 2B will consist of two stations and one depot, and was under feasibility studies, with its construction expected to commence in mid-2022.[48] It has since been delayed. Phase 2B is estimated to cost Rp10 trillion.[49]

Phase 2A construction started on 22 March 2021.[50] During excavation works for the construction of Phase 2A, the remains of tracks used for Jakarta's tramway were found.[51]

East–West line (planned)

Jakarta Integration system map as of 2023, Phase 3 (faded yellow, TB line) and Phase 4 (faded light green, L line) of the MRT line can be seen on the map

A second line is planned to run East–West from Cikarang (West Java) to Balaraja (Banten) via Central Jakarta, with track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in). It is envisioned to be 87 kilometres (54 mi) long. Just like the North-South line, the East-West line will also be built in phases. The line is planned to interchange with the North-South line at Thamrin Station.[52][53] It is currently under architectural design studies and construction was initially expected to begin in 2020, however it has since been delayed and is now targeted to begin in 2024.[54]

Phase 3A

Phase 3A will be further divided into stage 1 along 24.527 kilometers which will go through Tomang, Dukuh Atas, Senen, Perintis to Medan Satria and stage 2 along 9.237 kilometers through Tomang and Kembangan. Construction is targeted to begin in 2025.

Phase 3B

Meanwhile, MRT East-West phase 3B will be divided into East-West Banten along 29,900 kilometers which will go through Kembangan, Kelapa Dua, to Balaraja, and East-West West Java along 20,438 kilometers which will go through Medan Satria and Cikarang.

Outer–Ring Line (planned)

Phase 4 was first brought up in 2020. It will be a separate line connecting Fatmawati to Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, with track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in). On 30 June 2022, MRT Jakarta announced that pre-feasibility and feasibility studies have completed and construction is expected to commence in 2023.[55]

Fares and ticketing

Tariff

The Jakarta MRT employs a cashless fare payment system. On 26 March 2019, the Jakarta MRT fares were set. The initial fare is Rp.3,000 as the minimum fare and increases by Rp.1,000 with each passing station. A trip spanning the entire existing line in 2019, travelling from Lebak Bulus Station to Bundaran HI Station, would cost a passenger Rp14,000.[56][57] This fare was expected to come into effect on 1 April 2019.[58]

Payment method

Kartu Jelajah (single trip) by MRT Jakarta
Automatic ticketing machine

Kartu Jelajah (single trip)

In order to fulfil the need for electronic tickets on MRT operations, A dedicated contactless smart card known as the 'Jelajah' can be purchased from the ticketing machines or ticket offices located at every station.[59] This payment card is released in two types of cards, namely cards for single-trip and prepaid cards for multi-trip. Single-trip cards can only be used for one trip and are required to be topped up within a maximum of 7 days after purchase. Meanwhile, multi-trip cards can be used multiple times as long as the balance in the card is still sufficient.[60][61] The implementation of the multi-trip Cruise Card as a payment method was approved by Bank Indonesia on 14 November 2019.[62]

A refundable Rp15,000 deposit is required to purchase a single journey ticket, in addition to fares required for the journey.

Jak Lingko

To optimise intermodal transport, the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government implemented an integrated payment method using the Jak Lingko card and application. This programme is a continuation of the existing OK-Otrip system. This card can also be used for Jakarta LRT, Transjakarta, and KRL Commuter Line.[63] MRT Jakarta accepts all Jak Lingko payments provided by Bank DKI and Himbara member banks such as BRI, BNI and Mandiri. There is currently a trial of the new Jak Lingko card and application based on the KRL Commuterline Multi Trip Card and Fello e-wallet.[64][65] Through the application, users can pay from all e-wallets that are connected to the Indonesian QR Code Standard (QRIS).

Electronic banking cards

Jakarta MRT payments can also be made using electronic cards from various banks. The electronic cards include those issued by Himbara, namely Bank BNI, Bank BRI, and Bank Mandiri. In addition, cards provided by Bank DKI and Bank BCA are also accepted by MRT Jakarta. The list of electronic banking cards that can be used in fare payment is as follows.[66]

  • BRIZZI (Bank BRI)
  • TapCash (Bank BNI)
  • e-Money (Bank Mandiri)
  • Flazz (Bank BCA)
  • Jakcard (Bank DKI)

Jakarta MRT App

On 27 April 2020, payment and ticket purchases began to be used on the application made by PT MRT Jakarta, namely the MRT-J application. Users of electronic wallets must connect their wallet with an app provided by MRT Jakarta (MRT-J) and buy single trip tickets in the form of QR codes.[67] Payment through this application uses several digital wallet services, namely OVO, Dana, LinkAja, ShopeePay, MotionPay, GoPay, and AstraPay. After the user makes a payment, the user only needs to bring the mobile phone closer to the QR code reader at the passenger door so that the door opens automatically.[68] Passengers are required to tap their cards at the fare gates when entering and exiting the paid area of the stations.

KAI Commuter Multi Trip Card

Since October 2021, the KAI Commuter Multi Trip Card (KMT) can be used on the Jakarta MRT service. However, until now the use of KMT is still a trial application along with the Jakarta LRT and Transjakarta services.[69][70]

Safety and security

Platform screen doors at ASEAN MRT station

To prevent track incursions, half-height and full-height platform screen doors (PSDs) are installed at platforms of elevated and underground stations respectively.

Trains and stations are equipped with CCTVs, which are monitored from the control room. Medical rooms are also available at every station to provide first-aid to passengers and workers, if necessary.[71] Security officers are regularly stationed at station entrances and platforms.

Every stations are equipped with security X-ray machines and walk through metal detectors for passengers entering the MRT system.[72]

Rolling stock

MRTJ 1000 trainset
Jakarta MRT set 01 departing from Fatmawati Station
Inside the train

Contract CP 108 for the procurement of rolling stock for the Jakarta MRT was awarded to a consortium led by Sumitomo Corporation on 3 March 2015.[73] A total of 16 six-cars trainsets were ordered at a cost of ¥10.8 billion (Rp145 billion).[74] The trains were built in Nippon Sharyo's plant in Toyokawa, Aichi.[75]

Each car measures 20 m (65 ft 7 in) in length, 2.9 m (9 ft 6 in) in width, and 3.9 m (12 ft 10 in) in height.[76] These trains utilize the CBTC signaling system and are equipped with Automatic Train Operation (ATO) GoA 2, with drivers operating the doors and driving in case of emergency.[77] Like the KRL Commuterline, the MRT trains are also powered via overhead catenary.[78]

MRT Jakarta officially call the trains Ratanggas (singular Ratangga), a nickname first bestowed on 10 January 2018 by then Governor of Jakarta, Anies Baswedan. The name, which is Old Javanese for chariots,[79] was derived from Mpu Tantular's Kakawin Sutasoma (also the source for Indonesia's national motto).[80] It offers a women-only carriage during morning peak hours from 7AM to 9AM and in the afternoon from 5PM to 7PM.[81]

PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta

PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (Perseroda) is a municipally owned perseroan terbatas founded by the Government of Special Capital Region of Jakarta to operate the Jakarta MRT system. Its establishment was approved by the provincial parliament (DPRD) on 10 June 2008 and the company's incorporation was formally notarized on 17 June 2008. Due to a two-shareholder minimum in Indonesia's perseroan terbatas laws (rescinded for municipally owned corporations in 2020), only 99.98% of the shares are owned by the Government of Jakarta; the rest 0.02% is owned by Perumda Pasar Jaya (a municipal public corporation of Jakarta operating marketplaces).[82] Therefore, PT MRT Jakarta (Perseroda) is the first operating railway company in Indonesia that is not wholly or partly owned by state-owned company Kereta Api Indonesia, and one of the only such companies besides PT LRT Jakarta.

Network Map

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 lit. "Jakarta Integrated Mass Mode"
  2. ↑ "Serves on Phase 3"
  3. ↑ "Banten only serves with Tangerang (also Regency) where West Java only serves with Bekasi (also Regency)"

References

  1. ↑ "163.162 Orang Tercatat Gunakan Ratangga pada 15 November 2023". jakartamrt.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  2. ↑ "Kebajikan Operational MRT Jakarta mulai 7 Oktober 2021". MRT Jakarta. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  3. ↑ "Next Station, Kota: Jakarta MRT Transports 20 Million Passengers in First Eight Months". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
  4. ↑ Farras, Bernhart; Asmara, Chandra Gian (24 March 2019). "Resmikan MRT Jakarta, Jokowi: Sebuah Peradaban Baru Dimulai". CNBC Indonesia.
  5. ↑ "Jakarta metro inaugurated". Metro Report. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  6. ↑ Dewi, Sita (5 March 2013). "Grand plan to beat gridlock". The Jakarta Post.
  7. 1 2 Santosa, Wimpy; Basuki, Tri (2003). "Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit Project: An Economic Review". Universitas Katolik Parahyangan. S2CID 131201157.
  8. 1 2 3 Gumelar, Galih (12 March 2019). "MRT, 'Mimpi' Jakarta Sejak 1985 yang Akhirnya Terwujud". CNN Indonesia. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  9. ↑ Dewi, Sita W. (5 March 2013). "Grand plan to beat gridlock". The Jakarta Post.
  10. ↑ "Urban Public Transport System in Jakarta (2010)" (PDF). sustainabledevelopment.un.org.
  11. ↑ "United Nations Forum on Climate Change Mitigation, Fuel Economy And Sustainable Development of Urban Transport" (PDF). Urban Public Transport System in Jakarta. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  12. ↑ Rini, Daryanti Asrining. "Urban Public Transport System in Jakarta" (PDF). Sustainable Development Goals, United Nations.
  13. ↑ "Koridor – PT Transportasi Jakarta". transjakarta.co.id. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
  14. ↑ "Tentang Kami".
  15. ↑ Susanto, Agus (2020). Menuju Ratangga: Kereta Kota Kita. Jakarta: PT MRT Jakarta.
  16. ↑ "Jepang Danai Mega Proyek MRT". detikcom. 28 November 2006. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  17. ↑ "Jepang Beri Pinjaman Untuk Pembangunan MRT". ANTARA News. 29 November 2006. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  18. ↑ "Sejarah". MRT Jakarta. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  19. ↑ Hamdani, Trio (27 December 2019). "Indonesia Akhirnya Punya MRT". detikcom. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  20. ↑ Tambun, Lenny Tristia (11 June 2013). "Kontrak Proyek MRT Ditandatangani, Pembangunan Segera Dimulai". BERITA SATU. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
  21. ↑ Aziza, Kurnia Sari (8 October 2013). Syatiri, Ana Shofiana (ed.). "MRT "Underground" Dimulai, Konstruksi Layang Ditandatangani". Kompas.com. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
  22. 1 2 Tambun, Lenny Tristia (10 October 2013). "Jokowi Resmikan Groundbreaking Fisik MRT Jakarta". BERITASATU. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  23. ↑ "MRT Jakarta focuses on constructing station, depot". The Jakarta Post. 1 November 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  24. ↑ Velarosdela, Rindi Nuris (12 March 2019). Patnistik, Egidius (ed.). "Uji Coba Operasi MRT Jakarta untuk Publik Dimulai Hari Ini". Kompas.com. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  25. 1 2 "Jokowi Resmikan MRT di Bundaran HI". CNN Indonesia. 24 March 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  26. 1 2 "MRT Pertama di Indonesia Resmi Beroperasi". VOA Indonesia. 25 March 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
  27. 1 2 Asmara, Bernhart Farras & Chandra Gian; Asmara, Chandra Gian (24 March 2019). "Resmikan MRT Jakarta, Jokowi: Sebuah Peradaban Baru Dimulai". CNBC Indonesia. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  28. ↑ Hikam, Herdi Alif Al (5 January 2021). "Akhirnya Proyek MRT Jakarta Fase II Dapat Kontraktor". detikcom. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  29. ↑ Fadli, Ardiansyah (5 January 2021). Alexander, Hilda B (ed.). "Akibat Pandemi, Pembangunan MRT Fase II Molor hingga Agustus 2027". Kompas.com. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  30. ↑ Wijaya, Lani Diana (11 July 2019). "Gandeng ITDP, MRT Kembangkan TOD di Pembangunan Fase 2". Tempo.co (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  31. ↑ "Fase 2 | MRT Jakarta". jakartamrt.co.id. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  32. ↑ "Indonesia, JICA sign deal on loan for MRT Phase II project". The Jakarta Post. 25 October 2018.
  33. ↑ Simorangkir, Eduardo. "Mengintip Skema Pembayaran Utang Pembangunan MRT Jakarta". detikfinance. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  34. ↑ Indraini, Anisa (24 August 2022). "Proyek MRT Jakarta Bundaran HI-Kota Bengkak Jadi Rp 26 T, Ini Biang Keroknya". Detik Finance.
  35. ↑ Kamalina, Annasa Rizki (23 January 2023). "Jepang Alirkan Rp160 Triliun untuk Proyek MRT Cikarang-Balaraja, Konstruksi 2024". Bisnis com.
  36. ↑ Al Hikam, Herdi Alif (18 February 2023). "Cek! Rincian 48 Wilayah Bakal Dilewati MRT Fase 3 Cikarang-Balaraja". finance.detik.com.
  37. ↑ Maharani, Aisyah Sekar Ayu (2 September 2022). Alexander, Hilda (ed.). "Proyek MRT Jakarta Fase 4 Resmi Didukung Korea Selatan". Kompas.com (in Indonesian).
  38. ↑ Brilian, Almadinah Putri (23 January 2023). "MRT Fase 4 Fatmawati-Kampung Rambutan Dibangun 2025". Detik Finance.
  39. ↑ Anwar, Muhammad Choirul (3 December 2019). "Pondok Cabe-Serpong Bakal Ada MRT, Mulai Dibangun 2022". CNBC Indonesia. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  40. ↑ "Stasiun dan Fasilitas" (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  41. ↑ "MTR Academy Signs Memorandum of Understanding with MRT Jakarta to Support Development of Indonesia's First Mass Transit System" (PDF). MTR. 28 April 2017.
  42. ↑ Radityo, Muhammad (22 March 2019). "Tarif Belum Diketok, Warga Masih Bisa Nikmati MRT Cuma-cuma Sampai Akhir Maret". Merdeka.com. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  43. ↑ Arditya, Andreas (7 October 2011). "MRT construction likely to disrupt public utility networks". The Jakarta Post.
  44. ↑ Ikhsanudin, Arief (30 April 2019). "Sebulan Operasi, MRT Angkut 82.615 Penumpang Per Hari". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  45. ↑ Atika, Sausan (20 October 2020). "MRT Jakarta phase 2 faces delays amid lack of interest, COVID-19 pandemic". The Jakarta Post.
  46. ↑ "Pembangunan MRT Fase 2A Dimulai, Ditargetkan Selesai 2028" (in Indonesian). 12 September 2022.
  47. ↑ Simorangkir, Eduardo (18 January 2019). "Lokasi Depo Belum Pasti, Pembangunan MRT Fase II Dibagi 2 Tahap". Detik Finance.
  48. ↑ "MRT, Adhi Karya, dan Shimizu teken Kontrak MRT Fase 2A". CNN Indonesia. 17 February 2020.
  49. ↑ Dorimulu, Primus (25 May 2022). "Proyek MRT Cikarang-Balaraja dan Fatmawati-TMII Butuh Rp 188 Triliun". Berita Satu.
  50. ↑ Fadli, Ardiansyah (21 March 2021). Alexander, Hilda (ed.). "MRT Fase 2A Dilanjutkan, Rekayasa Lalin Mulai Berlaku 22 Maret-30 Juni 2021". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  51. ↑ Wijaya, Lani Diana (31 August 2021). Afifa, Laila (ed.). "MRT Jakarta Discovers Old Tramway in Kota Tua". Tempo. Translated by Dewi Elvia Muthiariny. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  52. ↑ Anggraini, Rizka Gusti (24 March 2019). "MRT Fase III Cikarang – Balaraja akan Mulai Dibangun Kuartal II 2020". Kata Data.
  53. ↑ "MRT akan Membentang dari Kalideres Hingga Ujung Menteng". IDN Times. 24 March 2019.
  54. ↑ Susanti, Sanya; Liman, Uyu (21 January 2023). Kurmala, Azis (ed.). "East-West MRT construction to be expedited: Minister Hartarto". Antara.
  55. ↑ Afriyadi, Achmad Dwi (30 June 2022). "MRT Fatmawati-TMII Dibangun Tahun Depan, Ini Rutenya". Detik Finance (in Indonesian).
  56. ↑ Tambun, Lenny Tristia (26 March 2019). "Jakarta Sets MRT Ticket Price". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  57. ↑ Wirayani, Prima (26 March 2019). "Semua Sepakat! Ini Dia Tarif Resmi MRT Jakarta Antar-Stasiun". CNBC Indonesia. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  58. ↑ Nailufar, Nibras Nada (27 March 2019). Rastika, Icha (ed.). "Tarif MRT Rp 3.000-Rp 14.000 Berlaku 1 April 2019". Kompas.com. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  59. ↑ Romadoni, Ahmad (4 February 2019). "MRT Kenalkan Tiket Perjalanan Bernama 'Kartu Jelajah'". kumparan (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  60. ↑ Malik, Dusep (5 February 2019). "Mengintip 'Kartu Jelajah', Uang Elektronik untuk Naik MRT Jakarta". VIVA.co.id. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  61. ↑ Nailufar, Nibras Nada (31 March 2019). Ika, Aprillia (ed.). "Mulai Senin, Naik MRT Pakai Uang Elektronik atau Kartu Harian". Kompas.com. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  62. ↑ Sutianto, Feby Dwi (16 November 2019). "Dapat Restu BI, MRT Jakarta Akan Luncurkan Kartu Multi Trip". kumparanBisnis. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  63. ↑ Natalyn, Ezra; Rachmani, Adinda Purnama (24 March 2019). "Anies Sebut MRT Bagian Jak Lingko, Integrasi Transportasi Jakarta". VIVA.co.id. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  64. ↑ "Ujicoba Penerapan Aplikasi Integrasi Jak Lingko". Republika Online (in Indonesian). 31 August 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  65. ↑ "Beginilah Uji Coba Terbatas Kartu Transportasi JakLingko pada Moda Transportasi Jakarta". Railway Enthusiast Digest (in Indonesian). 1 September 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  66. ↑ Prastiwi, Devira. Yulika, Nila Chrisna (ed.). "4 Cara Pembayaran Naik MRT Jakarta dari Uang Elektronik hingga QR Code". Liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  67. ↑ Siregar, Efrem. "Naik MRT Bisa Lewat OVO, Dana, LinkAja, & GoPay Mulai 2020". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  68. ↑ Junita, Nancy (27 April 2020). Rahardyan, Aziz (ed.). "MRT Jakarta Sediakan Aplikasi Tiket via QR-Code, Bisa Dicoba Mulai Hari Ini". Bisnis.com. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  69. ↑ Atika, Sausan (1 April 2019). "MRT Jakarta opens at half-price fares for April". The Jakarta Post.
  70. ↑ Yati, Rahmi (12 October 2021). Kusumawardhani, Amanda (ed.). "KAI Commuter Uji Coba Kartu Multi Trip di MRT, LRT, dan TransJakarta Koridor 1 | Ekonomi". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  71. ↑ Atika, Sausan (26 February 2019). "MRT Jakarta gears up for passenger safety". The Jakarta Post.
  72. ↑ Maharani, Aisyah Sekar Ayu (4 July 2022). Alexander, Hilda (ed.). "Jamin Keamanan Penumpang, MRT Jakarta Sediakan X-Ray di Pintu Masuk". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  73. ↑ "Kontrak Rolling Stock Proyek MRT Jakarta Ditandatangani" (PDF) (Press release) (in Indonesian). PT MRT Jakarta. 3 March 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2015.
  74. ↑ Sukarno, Puput Ady (3 March 2015). Cakti, Gita Arwana (ed.). "PROYEK MRT JAKARTA: Sumitomo Corporation Menangkan Tender Kereta Listrik". Bisnis.com. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  75. ↑ Riana, Friski (11 December 2017). Sugiharto, Jobpie (ed.). "Melihat Kereta MRT Jakarta Diproduksi: Tak Lagi Mirip Jangkrik". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  76. ↑ "Kereta MRT Jakarta: Untuk Kenyamanan Mobilitas Penumpang". MRT Jakarta (in Indonesian). 16 January 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  77. ↑ "CBTC: Untuk Keamanan, Kenyamanan, dan Keandalan MRT Jakarta". MRT Jakarta (in Indonesian). 3 December 2017. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  78. ↑ Agustine, Irene (2 July 2018). "MRT Jakarta to be fully operational in 2024". Investor Daily. PricewaterhouseCoopers.
  79. ↑ Farozy, Ikko Haidar (10 December 2018). "Nama Kereta MRT Jakarta Diresmikan Gubernur DKI". Railway Enthusiast Digest. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  80. ↑ "MRT Diberi Nama Ratangga, Diambil dari Kitab Mpu Tantular". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 10 December 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  81. ↑ Putri, Anggie Lianda (13 March 2019). Arifin, Choirul (ed.). "MRT Sediakan Satu Kabin Kereta Khusus Penumpang Wanita di Jam-jam Sibuk". Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  82. ↑ "History of Jakarta MRT". jakartamrt.co.id. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
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