The National Flag of Canada
An enlargeable map of Canada, showing its ten provinces and three territories.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Canada:

Canada (/ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean.[1] It is the world's second largest country by total area, and shares land borders with the United States to the south and northwest, and marine borders with France and Greenland on the east and northeast, respectively.

The lands have been inhabited for millennia by various groups of aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces.[2][3][4] This began an accretion of additional provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster in 1931 and culminating in the Canada Act in 1982 which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament.

Canada is a federation that is governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with King Charles III as its head of state. It is a bilingual and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. Technologically advanced and industrialized, Canada maintains a diversified economy that is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade—particularly with the United States, with which Canada has a long and complex relationship.

General reference

An enlargeable map of Canada

Geography

Geography of Canada

 United States 8,893 km (5,526 miles)[5]
 Greenland 1,280 m (4,200 feet) (on Hans Island)

Environment

An enlargeable satellite image of Canada

Environment of Canada

Geographic features

A satellite image of the Great Lakes.

Regions

Other regions

Ecoregions

Provinces and territories

Provinces and territories of Canada

Provinces

Province, with flag Postal abbreviation/
ISO code		 Other abbreviations Capital Entered Confederation Population
(2016)[8]		 Area (km2)
LandWaterTotal
 Ontario1 ON Ont. Toronto July 1, 1867 13,448,494 917,741 158,654 1,076,395
 Quebec1 QC Que., PQ, P.Q. Quebec City 8,164,361 1,356,128 185,928 1,542,056
 Nova Scotia2 NS N.S. Halifax 923,598 53,338 1,946 55,284
 New Brunswick2 NB N.B. Fredericton 747,101 71,450 1,458 72,908
 Manitoba3 MB Man. Winnipeg July 15, 1870 1,278,365 553,556 94,241 647,797
 British Columbia2 BC B.C. Victoria July 20, 1871 4,648,055 925,186 19,549 944,735
 Prince Edward Island2 PE PEI, P.E.I., P.E. Island Charlottetown July 1, 1873 142,907 5,660 — 5,660
 Saskatchewan4 SK Sask., SK, SKWN Regina September 1, 1905 1,098,352 591,670 59,366 651,036
 Alberta4 AB Alta. Edmonton 4,067,175 642,317 19,531 661,848
 Newfoundland and Labrador5 NL Nfld., NF, LB St. John's March 31, 1949 519,716 373,872 31,340 405,212

Notes:

  1. Immediately prior to Confederation, Ontario and Quebec were part of the Province of Canada.
  2. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island were separate colonies at the time of joining Canada.
  3. Manitoba was established simultaneously with Northwest Territories.
  4. Saskatchewan and Alberta were created out of land that had been part of Northwest Territories.
  5. Prior to its entry in Confederation, Newfoundland had been a Dominion within the British Commonwealth, but due to a financial crisis during the Depression had surrendered its right to self-government and was under direct British governance.

Territories

There are currently three territories in Canada. Unlike the provinces, the territories of Canada have no inherent jurisdiction and only have those powers delegated to them by the federal government.

Territory, with flag Postal abbreviation/
ISO code		 Other abbreviations Capital Entered Confederation Population
(2007)[8]		 Area (km2)
LandWaterTotal
 Northwest Territories NT N.W.T., NWT Yellowknife July 15, 1870 41,786 1,183,085 163,021 1,346,106
 Yukon YT Y.T., YK Whitehorse June 13, 1898 35,874 474,391 8,052 482,443
 Nunavut NU NV Iqaluit April 1, 1999 35,944 1,936,113 157,077 2,093,190

Note: Canada did not acquire any new land to create Yukon, Alberta, Saskatchewan, or Nunavut. All of these originally formed part of Northwest Territories.

Municipalities

Municipalities of Canada

Demography

Demography of Canada

Demographics by political division

Provinces

Territories

Government and politics

Politics of Canada

Branches of the government

Government of Canada

Executive branch of the government

Government of Canada

Legislative branch of the government

Judicial branch of the government

Court system of Canada

Foreign relations

Foreign relations of Canada

International organization membership

Canada is a member of:[1]

Law of Canada

Military

Military of Canada

Provincial governments

Territory governments

Politics by political division

Provinces

Territories

History

History of Canada by period

History of Canada by political division

Provinces

Territories

Culture

Culture of Canada

Culture by political division

Provinces

Territories

Art in Canada

Music

Music of Canada

Music by political division
Provinces
Territories

Religion in Canada

Sport in Canada

Sport in Canada Official Sports

Other sports

Hall of Fame Museums

Economy and infrastructure

Economy of Canada

Economics by political division

Provinces

Territories

Education in Canada

Education by political division

Provinces

Territories

Higher Education by political division

Provinces

Territories

Bibliographies

See also

Canada

References

  1. 1 2 "Canada". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 8, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
  2. ↑ "Territorial evolution". Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on 2007-08-09. Retrieved 2007-10-09. In 1867, the colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are united in a federal state, the Dominion of Canada....
  3. ↑ "Canada: History". Country Profiles. Commonwealth Secretariat. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2007-10-09. The British North America Act of 1867 brought together four British colonies ... in one federal Dominion under the name of Canada.
  4. ↑ Hillmer, Norman; W. David MacIntyre. "Commonwealth". Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Project. Retrieved 2007-10-09. With CONFEDERATION in 1867, Canada became the first federation in the British Empire ...
  5. ↑ The total length of the land border between Canada and the United States is the longest between any two countries.
  6. ↑ The coastline of Canada is the longest in the world. The total length of the coast of Canada is more than five times as long as the circumference of the Earth.
  7. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (December 15, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census - Canada [Country]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  8. 1 2 "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data". Statistics Canada. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
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